Conflicting Engineering Opinions

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It is not unethical for engineers to offer conflicting opinions on the application of engineering principles, or to criticize the work of another engineer, at hearings on an engineering project, in the interest of the public, provided such criticism is offered on a high level of professional deportment.

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Some aspects of an engineering problem will admit of only one conclusion, such as a mathematical equation, but it is a fallacy to carry this statement to the ultimate conclusion that all engineering problems admit of only one correct answer. Particularly in large and complicated engineering problems, such as a water-power complex, there may be many approaches, all based on sound engineering principles. Large public projects are notably in this category, and the approach finally adopted may properly reflect not only engineering diagnoses, but also determinations of public policy. Engineering judgment from exclusively an efficiency and cost standpoint may conclude that a proposed highway should be built through the heart of a heavily populated residential district. Public policy may dictate, however, that the highway should be built at greater cost and less efficiency through a lightly populated area. An engineer who presents either point of view cannot be said to be "incorrect." There may also be honest differences of opinion among equally qualified engineers on the interpretation of the known physical facts. Assuming complete factual agreement on such factors as water flow, soil conditions, rate of evaporation, past rainfall, runoff, etc., engineers can and do arrive at different conclusions based on their best understanding of the application of those facts. Also, it should be recognized that in the type of case at hand the engineers must base their opinion on estimates of indeterminate factors, e.g., construction cost by one method or another, population growth, economic development of the area and possible future trends in more efficient equipment. Canons 5 and 7 refer to expression of "opinion," confirming the idea that the engineer is called upon for the expression of his judgment, not the mere recital of known engineering data. Rule 10 refers to the engineer being an "advocate" of a position, again recognizing that contrary conclusions are to be expected. The ...

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A state legislature has pending various bills involving water supply, flood control and production of electric power. The most efficient and economical method to achieve the desired result has been debated within the legislature and among the citizenry generally for several years. Hearings are called by a committee of the state legislature to receive comments and recommendations on the various proposals which have been offered. A professional engineer representing the state power commission testifies that engineering studies by him and his professional colleagues indicate the most efficient solution from an engineering standpoint is a series of low dams. Another professional engineer, representing a private power company, testifies that his engineering analysis indicates a more effective and less expensive solution, producing the same results, by using one high dam. Each engineering witness submits voluminous engineering data in support of his position, and freely criticizes the analysis and findings of the other.

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Is there a violation of the Canons of Ethics by one or both engineers' in offering conflicting opinions or in criticizing the work of the other at a hearing on an engineering project in the interest of the public?
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D-tuple Component Breakdown

228

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9/9

Components Populated

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Roles R
w=0.12 384D
Due-Restraint Peer Critic Engineer
A licensed professional engineering role in which an engineer publicly criticizes the engineering work, conclusions,...
Water-Power Complex Large Project Engineer
An engineer working on a large, complicated public infrastructure project such as a water-power complex, where...
Canon 24 Peer Critic Engineering Witness
An engineer who publicly criticizes the work of another engineer before a public body, commission, court, or in...
State Agency Legislative Hearing Witness Engineer
A licensed professional engineer employed by or representing a public government agency who testifies before a...
Private Company Legislative Hearing Witness Engineer
A licensed professional engineer retained by a private company who testifies before a legislative committee on...
Competing Technical Advocacy Peer Engineer
A professional engineering role in which an engineer publicly contests the technical findings, methodology, or...
State Power Commission PE Legislative Witness
Testified before the state legislative committee that engineering studies support a series of low dams as the most...
Private Power Company PE Legislative Witness
Testified before the state legislative committee that his engineering analysis supports one high dam as a more...
State Power Commission
Public agency whose engineering position (low dams) is represented before the state legislature; retains or employs...
Private Power Company
Private industry entity whose engineering position (one high dam) is represented before the state legislature;...
State Legislature Committee
Legislative committee convening hearings to receive technical comments and recommendations on proposed bills...
Public Body Engineering Opinion Witness Engineer
A licensed professional engineering role in which an engineer offers expert opinion, judgment, and advocacy before...
Public Policy Balancing Large Project Engineer
A licensed professional engineering role in which an engineer works on large, complex public infrastructure projects...
Highway Route Engineering Opinion Witness
An engineer who presents a point of view on highway routing - either through a populated residential district...
14 entities
Principles P
w=0.2 384D
Public Policy Override of Engineering Efficiency - Highway Routing Illustration
The case text illustrates that engineering judgment optimizing solely for efficiency and cost might route a highway...
Dual-Advocate Legislative Peer Criticism Permissibility Principle
Professional principle establishing that when two engineers representing opposing parties (one public agency, one...
Honest Disagreement Permissibility - Low Dams vs. High Dam Engineering Positions
The state power commission PE concludes that a series of low dams is the most efficient engineering solution, while...
Public Interest Peer Critique Deportment - Mutual Legislative Criticism
Each engineer freely criticizes the analysis and findings of the other before the state legislative committee; this...
Retained Engineer Advocacy-Objectivity Balance - State Power Commission PE
The state power commission PE occupies a hybrid role: simultaneously representing the commission's preferred...
Retained Engineer Advocacy-Objectivity Balance - Private Power Company PE
The private power company PE occupies a hybrid role: simultaneously representing the company's preferred solution...
Engineer Public Testimony Role - Legislative Infrastructure Hearing
Both engineers testifying before the state legislative committee on water supply, flood control, and electric power...
Environmental and Infrastructure Policy Subjective Balancing - Dam Design Alternatives
The choice between a series of low dams and one high dam for water supply, flood control, and power production...
Good Faith Public Welfare Sincerity - State Power Commission PE Testimony
The state power commission PE's testimony that a series of low dams is the most efficient engineering solution is...
Good Faith Public Welfare Sincerity - Private Power Company PE Testimony
The private power company PE's testimony that one high dam is more effective and less expensive is ethically...
Objectivity Obligation - Data-Grounded Legislative Testimony
Both engineers are obligated to ground their legislative testimony in objective engineering analysis rather than...
Loyalty to Client Within Ethical Limits - Dual Legislative Advocacy
Each engineer serves their respective client's interests (state power commission preferring low dams; private power...
Honest Disagreement Permissibility - Dam Configuration Legislative Testimony
The State Power Commission PE and the Private Power Company PE reached different engineering conclusions (low dams...
Dual-Advocate Legislative Peer Criticism Permissibility - Dam Testimony
The State Power Commission PE and the Private Power Company PE each testified before the state legislative committee...
Public Interest Peer Critique Deportment - Canon 24 Due Restraint in Legislative Testimony
Canon 24's due-restraint requirement means that engineering witnesses criticizing each other's dam analyses before...
Engineering Peer Criticism Forum Extension - Legislative Committee as Public Body
Although Canon 24 implies that engineering criticism should be confined to engineering society gatherings and the...
Competing Public Goods Balancing - Water Supply Flood Control Power Production
Both engineers are advising on a project that simultaneously serves multiple public goods - water supply, flood...
Legislative Hearing Technical Testimony Objectivity - Dam Configuration Competing Analyses
Both the State Power Commission PE and the Private Power Company PE are obligated to ground their legislative...
Engineering Opinion Indeterminacy - Dam Configuration Cost and Growth Estimates
The competing dam configuration opinions of the State Power Commission PE and the Private Power Company PE...
Legislative Hearing Technical Testimony Objectivity Obligation
Professional principle requiring engineers who testify before legislative committees on technical matters of public...
Engineering Opinion Indeterminacy and Estimate-Based Judgment Principle
Professional virtue principle recognizing that in large and complicated engineering problems - particularly those...
Public Policy Override of Pure Engineering Efficiency Principle
Fundamental ethical principle recognizing that for large public infrastructure projects, the approach finally...
Engineering Peer Criticism Forum Extension to Public Bodies Principle
Domain-specific principle establishing that while engineering peer criticism is canonically associated with...
Public Policy Engineering Debate Open Resolution - Legislature as Proper Decision Authority
The competing dam configuration analyses (low dams vs. one high dam) are legitimately subject to open public debate...
Environmental and Infrastructure Policy Subjective Balancing - Water-Power Complex Multiple Approaches
For the water-power complex, there are many approaches all based on sound engineering principles (low dams vs. one...
Public Policy Engineering Debate Open Resolution - Dam Design Legislative Hearing
The question of whether a series of low dams or one high dam is the most efficient and economical solution is a...
Adverse Technical Finding Non-Equivalence - Legislative Dam Analysis Criticism
Each engineer's criticism of the other's analysis and findings - including the implicit conclusion that the other's...
27 entities
Obligations O
w=0.15 384D
Retained Legislative Witness Engineer Data-Submission Completeness Obligation
Duty of a licensed professional engineer who testifies before a legislative committee as a retained witness for a...
State Power Commission PE Legislative Testimony Objectivity
The state power commission PE was obligated to testify before the state legislative committee in a manner fully...
Private Power Company PE Legislative Testimony Objectivity
The private power company PE was obligated to testify before the state legislative committee in a manner fully...
State Power Commission PE Fact-Grounded Low-Dams Opinion
The state power commission PE was obligated to ground the low-dams engineering position in established facts and...
Private Power Company PE Fact-Grounded High-Dam Opinion
The private power company PE was obligated to ground the one-high-dam engineering position in established facts and...
State Power Commission PE Data Submission Completeness
The state power commission PE was obligated to submit voluminous and complete engineering data to the legislative...
Private Power Company PE Data Submission Completeness
The private power company PE was obligated to submit voluminous and complete engineering data to the legislative...
State Power Commission PE Good Faith Sincerity Sufficiency
Ethics adjudicators reviewing the state power commission PE's legislative testimony must recognize that it is...
Private Power Company PE Good Faith Sincerity Sufficiency
Ethics adjudicators reviewing the private power company PE's legislative testimony must recognize that it is...
Dam Design Legislative Debate Post-Decision Non-Ethical-Indictment
After the state legislature resolves the low-dams vs. one-high-dam policy question, both engineers and any reviewing...
State Power Commission PE Legislative Witness - Estimate-Based Indeterminacy Acknowledgment
The State Power Commission PE, in testifying before the state legislative committee that a series of low dams is the...
State Power Commission PE - Canon 24 Forum Non-Interference with Legislative Duty
The State Power Commission PE was obligated to recognize that Canon 24's implication that engineering criticism...
Private Power Company PE Legislative Witness - Estimate-Based Indeterminacy Acknowledgment
The Private Power Company PE, in testifying before the state legislative committee that one high dam is more...
State Power Commission PE - Honest Conviction Advocacy Prerequisite
The State Power Commission PE, in advocating before the state legislative committee for a series of low dams, was...
Private Power Company PE - Honest Conviction Advocacy Prerequisite
The Private Power Company PE, in advocating before the state legislative committee for one high dam, was obligated...
State Power Commission PE - Canon 24 Due-Restraint Peer Criticism
The State Power Commission PE, in criticizing the Private Power Company PE's engineering analysis and findings...
Private Power Company PE - Canon 24 Due-Restraint Peer Criticism
The Private Power Company PE, in criticizing the State Power Commission PE's engineering analysis and findings...
Private Power Company PE - Canon 24 Forum Non-Interference with Legislative Duty
The Private Power Company PE was obligated to recognize that Canon 24's implication that engineering criticism...
BER - Large Complex Project Multiple Sound Approaches Non-Indictment Recognition
The BER was obligated to recognize that for a large and complicated engineering problem such as a water-power...
BER - Public Policy Override Non-Ethical-Indictment of Efficiency-Advocate Engineer
The BER was obligated to recognize that when a large public infrastructure project is ultimately resolved by public...
State Power Commission PE Honest Technical Disagreement Non-Violation
Any ethics body reviewing the state power commission PE's testimony must recognize that reaching a different...
Private Power Company PE Honest Technical Disagreement Non-Violation
Any ethics body reviewing the private power company PE's testimony must recognize that reaching a different...
Dual-Retained Legislative Witness Mutual Peer Criticism Permissibility Obligation
Duty of licensed professional engineers who are each retained by opposing parties (one by a public agency, one by a...
State Power Commission PE Peer Criticism Professional Deportment
The state power commission PE was obligated, when criticizing the private power company PE's engineering analysis...
Private Power Company PE Peer Criticism Professional Deportment
The private power company PE was obligated, when criticizing the state power commission PE's engineering analysis...
Dual-Retained Legislative Witness Mutual Criticism Permissibility Recognition
Both the state power commission PE and the private power company PE, and any ethics adjudicating body reviewing...
State Power Commission PE Adverse Technical Finding Non-Malicious Non-Violation
The state power commission PE's criticism of the private power company PE's engineering analysis - implicitly...
Private Power Company PE Adverse Technical Finding Non-Malicious Non-Violation
The private power company PE's criticism of the state power commission PE's engineering analysis - implicitly...
State Power Commission PE Competing Public Goods Balanced Advisory
The state power commission PE was obligated to acknowledge and address the competing public goods at stake - water...
Private Power Company PE Competing Public Goods Balanced Advisory
The private power company PE was obligated to acknowledge and address the competing public goods at stake - water...
State Power Commission PE Honest Public Policy Disagreement Non-Prohibition
The state power commission PE's public expression of disagreement with the private power company PE's high-dam...
Private Power Company PE Honest Public Policy Disagreement Non-Prohibition
The private power company PE's public expression of disagreement with the state power commission PE's low-dams...
Engineering Opinion Estimate-Based Indeterminacy Honest Acknowledgment Obligation
Duty of a licensed professional engineer who testifies before a legislative body or public tribunal on a large and...
Public Policy Override of Engineering Efficiency Non-Ethical-Indictment Obligation
Duty of professional ethics bodies, reviewing authorities, and engineers themselves to recognize that when a large...
Legislative Hearing Engineering Advocate Role Honest Conviction Prerequisite Obligation
Duty of a licensed professional engineer who serves as an advocate of a position before a legislative committee - as...
Canon 24 Due-Restraint Peer Criticism Personality-Avoidance Obligation
Duty of a licensed professional engineer who publicly criticizes the engineering work, conclusions, or analyses of...
Canon 24 Forum Limitation Non-Interference with Public Body Duty Obligation
Duty of a licensed professional engineer - and of professional ethics bodies interpreting Canon 24 - to recognize...
Large Complex Project Multiple Sound Approaches Recognition Obligation
Duty of a licensed professional engineer - and of professional ethics bodies evaluating engineering decisions on...
Competing Public Goods Water Supply Flood Control Power Production Balanced Testimony Obligation
Duty of a licensed professional engineer who testifies before a legislative body on a large public infrastructure...
State Power Commission PE - Competing Public Goods Balanced Legislative Testimony
The State Power Commission PE, in testifying before the state legislative committee on the dam configuration...
Private Power Company PE - Competing Public Goods Balanced Legislative Testimony
The Private Power Company PE, in testifying before the state legislative committee on the dam configuration...
41 entities
States S
w=0.1 384D
Multi-Approach Water-Power Complex Engineering Problem
Engineers analyzing a complex water-power project with multiple technically valid approaches
Mutual Inter-Engineer Technical Criticism at Legislative Hearing
Both engineers openly criticizing each other's engineering analysis and findings before the legislative committee
Multi-Year Public Infrastructure Policy Controversy
Sustained public and legislative debate over the optimal engineering approach to water supply, flood control, and...
State Power Commission Engineer Legislative Testimony
Professional engineer representing the state power commission testifying before the legislative committee
Private Power Company Engineer Legislative Testimony
Professional engineer representing a private power company testifying before the legislative committee
Highway Routing Engineering vs. Public Policy Tension
Engineers and public body deliberating on highway routing through residential vs. rural area
Water-Power Complex Indeterminate Factor Estimation
Engineers forming opinions on water-power complex based on estimated indeterminate factors
Engineer Public Criticism of Peer with Due Restraint
Engineer offering public criticism of another engineer's work before a public body
Engineer Advocate Appearance Before Public Body
Engineer appearing before courts, commissions, public hearings, and other tribunals to offer expert opinion in...
Legislative Testimony Competing Principal Representation State
State in which two or more professional engineers testify before a legislative or governmental body on a matter of...
Competing Low Dam vs. High Dam Design Approaches
Two technically distinct engineering solutions - series of low dams versus one high dam - each claimed to achieve...
Engineer Advocate Role Before Public Body State
State in which a professional engineer appears before a public body - such as a legislative committee, regulatory...
Engineering Judgment vs. Public Policy Override State
State in which a technically sound engineering recommendation - derived from efficiency, cost, and performance...
Indeterminate Factor Engineering Estimate Reliance State
State in which a professional engineer is required to form and express a professional opinion that necessarily rests...
14 entities
Resources Rs
w=0.1 384D
Engineering_Factual_Basis_Requirement_Standard_Instance
Both engineers submit voluminous engineering data to support their competing positions, satisfying the requirement...
NSPE_Code_Legislative_Testimony
Governs the ethical conduct of professional engineers testifying before a state legislative committee, including...
Engineer_Professional_Criticism_Conduct_Standard_Instance
Each engineer publicly criticizes the other's engineering analysis and findings at the legislative hearing; the...
Public_Safety_Standards_Hearing_Participation_Framework_Instance
Governs the procedural and normative conditions under which engineers may participate as technical witnesses before...
Regulatory_Testimony_Affiliation_Disclosure_Standard_Instance
Each engineer testifies while explicitly representing a specific client (state power commission and private power...
Engineer_Civic_Service_Obligation_Standard_Instance
Engineers participate in state legislative hearings on major public infrastructure decisions (water supply, flood...
BER_Legislative_Testimony_Case_Precedent
This case itself constitutes a BER case precedent establishing norms for engineers testifying before legislative...
NSPE-Canons-of-Ethics
Canon 5, Canon 7, and Canon 24 are cited as the operative ethical framework governing engineer expert opinion...
NSPE-Rules-of-Professional-Conduct-Rule-10
Rule 10 is cited to establish that engineers may serve as advocates for a position, implying that contrary...
Model-Law-Section-2d-Definition-of-Engineering
Cited to define the practice of engineering as the application of special knowledge of mathematical, physical, and...
Public-Safety-Standards-Hearing-Participation-Framework-Instance
The BER extends Canon 5's testimony provisions to public hearings and procedures, establishing that engineers have a...
Engineer-Professional-Criticism-Conduct-Standard-Instance
The BER interprets Canon 24's 'due restraint' requirement to mean that public criticism of another engineer must...
Engineering-Factual-Basis-Requirement-Standard-Instance
Canon 7's requirement that engineers refrain from publicly expressing opinion unless informed as to the facts is...
13 entities
Actions A
w=0.1 384D
Testify for Low Dams
Testify for Single High Dam
Publicly Criticize Opposing Analysis
Evaluate Engineers' Ethical Conduct
4 entities
Events E
w=0.08 384D
Legislative Debate Initiated
Legislative Hearings Convened
Competing Analyses Made Public
Professional Reputations Publicly Contested
Ethics Review Triggered
Public Trust In Expertise Strained
6 entities
Capabilities Ca
w=0.07 384D
Private Power Company PE Legislative Testimony Objectivity Conformance
The private power company PE was required to self-assess whether testimony before the state legislative committee...
State Power Commission PE Legislative Testimony Objectivity Conformance
The state power commission PE was required to self-assess whether testimony before the state legislative committee...
State Power Commission PE Data Submission Completeness Execution
The state power commission PE compiled and submitted voluminous engineering data to the legislative committee in...
Private Power Company PE Data Submission Completeness Execution
The private power company PE compiled and submitted voluminous engineering data to the legislative committee in...
State Power Commission PE Peer Criticism Professional Deportment Execution
The state power commission PE was required to criticize the private power company PE's engineering analysis and...
Private Power Company PE Peer Criticism Professional Deportment Execution
The private power company PE was required to criticize the state power commission PE's engineering analysis and...
Dual-Retained Legislative Witness Mutual Criticism Permissibility Recognition Execution
Both the state power commission PE and any reviewing ethics body must recognize that mutual peer criticism between...
Private Power Company PE Mutual Criticism Permissibility Recognition
The private power company PE and any reviewing ethics body must recognize that mutual peer criticism between two...
State Power Commission PE Honest Technical Disagreement Non-Violation Recognition
Ethics bodies reviewing the state power commission PE's testimony must recognize that reaching a different technical...
Private Power Company PE Honest Technical Disagreement Non-Violation Recognition
Ethics bodies reviewing the private power company PE's testimony must recognize that reaching a different technical...
State Power Commission PE Good Faith Sincerity Sufficiency Recognition
Ethics adjudicators reviewing the state power commission PE's legislative testimony must recognize that it is...
Private Power Company PE Good Faith Sincerity Sufficiency Recognition
Ethics adjudicators reviewing the private power company PE's legislative testimony must recognize that it is...
Dam Design Legislative Debate Post-Decision Acceptance Execution
After the state legislature resolves the low-dams vs. one-high-dam policy question, both engineers and any reviewing...
Dam Design Legislative Debate Post-Decision Acceptance Private Company PE
After the state legislature resolves the low-dams vs. one-high-dam policy question, the private power company PE...
State Power Commission PE Same-Facts Different-Conclusions Permissibility Recognition
The state power commission PE and reviewing ethics bodies must recognize that reaching a different engineering...
Private Power Company PE Same-Facts Different-Conclusions Permissibility Recognition
The private power company PE and reviewing ethics bodies must recognize that reaching a different engineering...
State Power Commission PE Retained Witness Objectivity Maintenance
The state power commission PE, as a retained witness before the legislative committee, was required to render...
Private Power Company PE Retained Witness Objectivity Maintenance
The private power company PE, as a retained witness before the legislative committee, was required to render...
State Power Commission PE Client-Advocacy Boundary Self-Calibration
The state power commission PE was required to calibrate the permissible boundary between legitimate advocacy for the...
Private Power Company PE Client-Advocacy Boundary Self-Calibration
The private power company PE was required to calibrate the permissible boundary between legitimate advocacy for the...
State Power Commission PE Water Resource Multi-Criteria Analysis
The state power commission PE possessed the technical capability to conduct and present comprehensive multi-criteria...
Private Power Company PE Water Resource Multi-Criteria Analysis
The private power company PE possessed the technical capability to conduct and present comprehensive multi-criteria...
State Power Commission PE Technical Fact Command for Legislative Testimony
The state power commission PE was required to be fully in command of all relevant engineering facts and data before...
Private Power Company PE Technical Fact Command for Legislative Testimony
The private power company PE was required to be fully in command of all relevant engineering facts and data before...
Engineering Advocate Honest Conviction Prerequisite Self-Verification Capability
Capability of a licensed professional engineer who serves as an advocate of a technical position before a...
Engineering Opinion Estimate-Based Indeterminacy Acknowledgment Capability
Capability of a licensed professional engineer who testifies before a legislative body or public tribunal on a large...
Canon 24 Forum Limitation Legislative Duty Non-Interference Self-Application Capability
Capability of a licensed professional engineer - and of professional ethics bodies interpreting Canon 24 - to...
Public Policy Infrastructure Decision Engineering Efficiency Override Non-Indictment Capability
Capability of professional ethics bodies, reviewing authorities, and engineers themselves to recognize that when a...
BER - Public Policy Override Non-Ethical-Indictment Recognition
The BER possessed the capability to recognize that when the state legislature resolves the dam configuration...
Private Power Company PE - Honest Conviction Advocacy Prerequisite Self-Verification
The Private Power Company PE was required to verify, before advocating for the one-high-dam position before the...
State Power Commission PE - Honest Conviction Advocacy Prerequisite Self-Verification
The State Power Commission PE was required to verify, before advocating for the series-of-low-dams position before...
State Power Commission PE - Estimate-Based Indeterminacy Acknowledgment
The State Power Commission PE was required to possess the capability to acknowledge that the low-dams recommendation...
Private Power Company PE - Estimate-Based Indeterminacy Acknowledgment
The Private Power Company PE was required to possess the capability to acknowledge that the one-high-dam...
BER - Large Complex Project Multiple Sound Approaches Recognition
The BER possessed the capability to recognize that for a large and complicated engineering problem such as a...
Water-Power Complex Large Project Engineer - Multiple Sound Approaches Recognition
Engineers working on large, complicated public infrastructure projects such as water-power complexes must possess...
State Power Commission PE - NSPE Code Public Testimony Conformance Self-Assessment
The State Power Commission PE was required to self-assess whether the manner, content, and framing of legislative...
Private Power Company PE - NSPE Code Public Testimony Conformance Self-Assessment
The Private Power Company PE was required to self-assess whether the manner, content, and framing of legislative...
State Power Commission PE - Same-Facts Different-Conclusions Ethical Permissibility Recognition
The State Power Commission PE was required to recognize that reaching a different technical conclusion (series of...
Private Power Company PE - Same-Facts Different-Conclusions Ethical Permissibility Recognition
The Private Power Company PE was required to recognize that reaching a different technical conclusion (one high dam)...
Dam Design Legislative Debate - Post-Decision Acceptance
After the state legislature resolves the low-dams vs. one-high-dam policy question, the State Power Commission PE...
Water Resource Infrastructure Multi-Criteria Analysis - State Power Commission PE
The State Power Commission PE possessed the technical capability to conduct and present comprehensive multi-criteria...
Water Resource Infrastructure Multi-Criteria Analysis - Private Power Company PE
The Private Power Company PE possessed the technical capability to conduct and present comprehensive multi-criteria...
Highway Route Engineering Opinion Witness - Multiple Sound Approaches Recognition
The highway route engineering opinion witness must possess the capability to recognize that both the...
Legislative Hearing Voluminous Data Submission Completeness Capability
Capability of a licensed professional engineer who testifies before a legislative committee as a retained witness to...
Retained Legislative Witness Client-Advocacy Boundary Self-Calibration Capability
Capability of a licensed professional engineer retained by a client (public agency or private company) to testify...
Water Resource Infrastructure Multi-Criteria Engineering Analysis Capability
Technical capability of a licensed professional engineer to conduct and present comprehensive multi-criteria...
State Power Commission PE Competing Public Goods Balanced Advisory Execution
The state power commission PE was required to acknowledge and address the competing public goods at stake - water...
Private Power Company PE Competing Public Goods Balanced Advisory Execution
The private power company PE was required to acknowledge and address the competing public goods at stake - water...
State Power Commission PE Adverse Finding Non-Malice Presumption Application
The state power commission PE's criticism of the private power company PE's engineering analysis - implicitly...
Private Power Company PE Adverse Finding Non-Malice Presumption Application
The private power company PE's criticism of the state power commission PE's engineering analysis - implicitly...
Large Complex Project Multiple Sound Engineering Approaches Recognition Capability
Capability of a licensed professional engineer - and of professional ethics bodies evaluating engineering decisions...
State Power Commission PE - Canon 24 Forum Non-Interference Self-Application
The State Power Commission PE was required to recognize that Canon 24's forum preference for engineering society...
Private Power Company PE - Canon 24 Forum Non-Interference Self-Application
The Private Power Company PE was required to recognize that Canon 24's forum preference for engineering society...
State Power Commission PE - Public Interest Peer Critique Professional Deportment
The State Power Commission PE was required to criticize the private power company PE's engineering analysis before...
Private Power Company PE - Public Interest Peer Critique Professional Deportment
The Private Power Company PE was required to criticize the state power commission PE's engineering analysis before...
State Power Commission PE - Competing Public Goods Balanced Legislative Testimony
The State Power Commission PE was required to recognize and address the competing public goods at stake - water...
Private Power Company PE - Competing Public Goods Balanced Legislative Testimony
The Private Power Company PE was required to recognize and address the competing public goods at stake - water...
Canon 24 Peer Critic Engineering Witness - Due-Restraint Self-Application
The Canon 24 peer critic engineering witness must possess the capability to apply due restraint when publicly...
58 entities
Constraints Cs
w=0.08 384D
Private Power Company PE Indeterminate Factor Estimate Epistemic Humility
The Private Power Company PE, in testifying that one high dam is more effective and less expensive, was constrained...
State Power Commission PE Multiple Sound Approaches Non-Single-Answer Recognition
The State Power Commission PE's advocacy for a series of low dams could not be characterized as incorrect or...
Private Power Company PE Multiple Sound Approaches Non-Single-Answer Recognition
The Private Power Company PE's advocacy for one high dam could not be characterized as incorrect or unethical solely...
Dam Design Legislative Debate Public Policy Override Non-Ethical-Indictment
When the state legislature ultimately resolves the low-dams vs. one-high-dam question through public policy...
State Power Commission PE Canon 24 Forum Non-Interference with Legislative Duty
The State Power Commission PE was not constrained by Canon 24's forum-preference language (engineering society...
Private Power Company PE Canon 24 Forum Non-Interference with Legislative Duty
The Private Power Company PE was not constrained by Canon 24's forum-preference language (engineering society...
Both Engineers Competing Public Goods Balanced Legislative Testimony Constraint
Both the State Power Commission PE and the Private Power Company PE were constrained to acknowledge and address the...
State Power Commission PE Fact-Grounded Legislative Opinion Constraint
The State Power Commission PE was constrained by Canon 7 to refrain from publicly expressing the low-dams...
Private Power Company PE Fact-Grounded Legislative Opinion Constraint
The Private Power Company PE was constrained by Canon 7 to refrain from publicly expressing the high-dam engineering...
State Power Commission PE NSPE Code Legislative Testimony Conformance
The State Power Commission PE was constrained to testify before the state legislative committee in a manner fully...
Private Power Company PE NSPE Code Legislative Testimony Conformance
The Private Power Company PE was constrained to testify before the state legislative committee in a manner fully...
State Power Commission PE Adverse Technical Finding Non-Malicious Non-Violation
The BER was constrained to recognize that the State Power Commission PE's criticism of the Private Power Company...
State Power Commission PE Fact-Grounded Low-Dams Legislative Opinion
The state power commission PE's advocacy for the series-of-low-dams approach must be grounded in established facts...
Dual-Retained Legislative Witness Mutual Peer Criticism Permissibility Constraint
Ethical constraint establishing that when two licensed professional engineers are each retained by opposing parties...
Private Power Company PE Adverse Technical Finding Non-Malicious Non-Violation
The BER was constrained to recognize that the Private Power Company PE's criticism of the State Power Commission...
Retained Legislative Witness Data Completeness and Factual Grounding Constraint
Ethical and regulatory constraint requiring that a licensed professional engineer who testifies before a legislative...
Legislative Testimony Retained Engineer Client Affiliation Disclosure Constraint
Ethical constraint requiring that a licensed professional engineer who testifies before a legislative or...
State Power Commission PE Legislative Testimony NSPE Code Conformance
The state power commission PE's testimony before the legislative committee must conform fully to the NSPE Code of...
Private Power Company PE Legislative Testimony NSPE Code Conformance
The private power company PE's testimony before the legislative committee must conform fully to the NSPE Code of...
Private Power Company PE Honest Conviction Advocacy Prerequisite
The Private Power Company PE's advocacy for one high dam before the state legislative committee was constrained to...
Private Power Company PE Fact-Grounded High-Dam Legislative Opinion
The private power company PE's advocacy for the one-high-dam approach must be grounded in established facts and...
State Power Commission PE Voluminous Data Submission Completeness
The state power commission PE must submit complete and voluminous engineering data to the legislative committee in...
Private Power Company PE Voluminous Data Submission Completeness
The private power company PE must submit complete and voluminous engineering data to the legislative committee in...
State Power Commission PE Inter-Engineer Criticism Professional Deportment
The state power commission PE's criticism of the private power company PE's engineering analysis and findings before...
Private Power Company PE Inter-Engineer Criticism Professional Deportment
The private power company PE's criticism of the state power commission PE's engineering analysis and findings before...
Mutual Legislative Witness Peer Criticism Permissibility Recognition
The mutual criticism of each other's engineering analysis and findings by the two retained legislative witnesses...
State Power Commission PE Competing Public Goods Balanced Advisory at Legislature
The state power commission PE must acknowledge and address the competing public goods at stake - water supply, flood...
Low-Dams vs. High-Dam Disagreement Mutual Ethical Legitimacy
Neither the state power commission PE's low-dams position nor the private power company PE's high-dam position is...
State Power Commission PE Adverse Technical Conclusion Non-Malicious Non-Violation
The state power commission PE's criticism of the private power company PE's high-dam engineering analysis -...
Private Power Company PE Adverse Technical Conclusion Non-Malicious Non-Violation
The private power company PE's criticism of the state power commission PE's low-dams engineering analysis -...
State Power Commission PE Good Faith Sincerity Sufficiency for Legislative Advocacy
Ethics adjudicators reviewing the state power commission PE's legislative testimony are constrained from...
Private Power Company PE Good Faith Sincerity Sufficiency for Legislative Advocacy
Ethics adjudicators reviewing the private power company PE's legislative testimony are constrained from conditioning...
Dam Design Legislative Debate Post-Decision Ethical Non-Indictment
After the state legislature resolves the low-dams vs. one-high-dam policy question, both engineers and any reviewing...
Private Power Company PE Competing Public Goods Balanced Advisory at Legislature
The private power company PE must acknowledge and address the competing public goods at stake - water supply, flood...
State Power Commission PE Legislative Testimony Client Affiliation Disclosure
The state power commission PE must clearly disclose to the legislative committee that the testimony is offered on...
Private Power Company PE Legislative Testimony Client Affiliation Disclosure
The private power company PE must clearly disclose to the legislative committee that the testimony is offered on...
Legislative Dam Design Public Policy Open Debate Appropriate Authority Resolution
The competing engineering positions on the dam design question - series of low dams versus one high dam - are...
State Power Commission PE Honest Public Policy Disagreement Non-Prohibition
The state power commission PE's public expression of disagreement with the private power company PE's high-dam...
Private Power Company PE Honest Public Policy Disagreement Non-Prohibition
The private power company PE's public expression of disagreement with the state power commission PE's low-dams...
Legislative Hearing Engineer Civic Service Informed Policy Facilitation
Both engineers testifying before the state legislative committee must structure and present their testimony and data...
Both Engineers Good Faith Sincerity Sufficiency for Civic Advocacy Permissibility
The BER was constrained to recognize that the correctness or ultimate validity of each engineer's dam configuration...
Multiple Sound Engineering Approaches Non-Single-Answer Constraint
Epistemic and ethical constraint establishing that for large and complicated engineering problems - such as...
Public Policy Override Engineering Efficiency Non-Ethical-Indictment Constraint
Ethical constraint establishing that when a large public infrastructure project is ultimately resolved by public...
Indeterminate Factor Estimate-Based Opinion Epistemic Humility Constraint
Epistemic and ethical constraint requiring that a licensed professional engineer who forms and expresses a...
Canon 24 Due-Restraint Public Criticism Personality-Avoidance Constraint
Ethical constraint requiring that a licensed professional engineer who publicly criticizes the work of another...
Canon 24 Forum Limitation Non-Interference with Public Body Testimony Duty Constraint
Ethical constraint establishing that Canon 24's implication that engineering criticism should be confined to...
Engineering Advocate Role Honest Conviction Prerequisite Constraint
Ethical constraint requiring that a licensed professional engineer who serves as an advocate of a position before a...
State Power Commission PE Indeterminate Factor Estimate Epistemic Humility
The State Power Commission PE, in testifying that a series of low dams is the most efficient engineering solution,...
State Power Commission PE Canon 24 Due-Restraint Peer Criticism Constraint
The State Power Commission PE, in criticizing the Private Power Company PE's high-dam engineering analysis before...
Private Power Company PE Canon 24 Due-Restraint Peer Criticism Constraint
The Private Power Company PE, in criticizing the State Power Commission PE's low-dams engineering analysis before...
State Power Commission PE Honest Conviction Advocacy Prerequisite
The State Power Commission PE's advocacy for a series of low dams before the state legislative committee was...
51 entities
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