{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/10#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#",
    "time": "http://www.w3.org/2006/time#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/10#Action_Contract_Provision_Omission",
  "@type": "proeth:Action",
  "proeth:description": "The City did not include revolving door provisions in employment contracts for its senior-level employees, leaving no legal barrier to Engineer D accepting employment with Firm AE\u0026R. The case treats this non-inclusion as a significant institutional choice.",
  "proeth:eventRoleContext": "municipal employer",
  "proeth:foreseenUnintendedEffects": [
    "Former senior employees may transition directly to firms doing business with the City without legal restriction"
  ],
  "proeth:hasAgent": "The City",
  "proeth:hasMentalState": "deliberate",
  "proeth:initiates": [
    "Absence of Revolving Door Restrictions"
  ],
  "proeth:intendedOutcome": "Standard senior-level employment terms without post-employment restrictions",
  "proeth:requiresCapability": [
    "Municipal contracting authority"
  ],
  "proeth:temporalExtent": "interval",
  "proeth:temporalMarker": "Predating Engineer D\u0027s departure, when senior-level employment contracts were established",
  "proeth:temporalSequence": 1,
  "proeth:textReferences": [
    "the City does not include \u201crevolving door\u201d provisions in employment contracts for its senior-level employees"
  ],
  "proeth:withinCompetence": true,
  "rdfs:label": "Contract Provision Omission"
}

{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/10#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#",
    "time": "http://www.w3.org/2006/time#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/10#Action_Public_Employment_Transition",
  "@type": "proeth:Action",
  "proeth:description": "Engineer D announced plans to step down as City Engineer and disclosed acceptance of a position at an unnamed private engineering firm in the City.",
  "proeth:eventRoleContext": "City Engineer, licensed professional engineer",
  "proeth:foreseenUnintendedEffects": [
    "Perception of trading on contacts, associations, influence, and special knowledge acquired in public service"
  ],
  "proeth:guidedByPrinciple": [
    "Right of Employment"
  ],
  "proeth:hasAgent": "Engineer D",
  "proeth:hasMentalState": "deliberate",
  "proeth:initiates": [
    "Transitional Employment",
    "Revolving Door Concern"
  ],
  "proeth:intendedOutcome": "Transition from public service to private-sector employment",
  "proeth:requiresCapability": [
    "Professional judgment"
  ],
  "proeth:temporalExtent": "instant",
  "proeth:temporalMarker": "At the end of Engineer D\u0027s tenure as City Engineer",
  "proeth:temporalSequence": 3,
  "proeth:terminates": [
    "Public Service Tenure"
  ],
  "proeth:textReferences": [
    "Engineer D announces plans to step down as the City Engineer and indicates that they accepted a position at an unnamed engineering firm in the City."
  ],
  "proeth:withinCompetence": true,
  "rdfs:label": "Public Employment Transition"
}

{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/10#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#",
    "time": "http://www.w3.org/2006/time#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/10#Action_Associate_Hiring_Decision",
  "@type": "proeth:Action",
  "proeth:description": "Firm AE\u0026R hired Engineer D as an associate and publicly announced the hire shortly after Engineer D\u0027s resignation announcement. The Board takes the silence of the facts to mean the hiring was not an improper inducement to influence City contract awards.",
  "proeth:eventRoleContext": "engineering consulting firm",
  "proeth:foreseenUnintendedEffects": [
    "Appearance that the hire could influence the awarding of city contracts"
  ],
  "proeth:guidedByPrinciple": [
    "Right of Employment"
  ],
  "proeth:hasAgent": "Firm AE\u0026R principals",
  "proeth:hasMentalState": "deliberate",
  "proeth:initiates": [
    "Potential Conflict of Interest",
    "Appearance of Improper Influence"
  ],
  "proeth:intendedOutcome": "Add Engineer D\u0027s qualifications and experience to the firm",
  "proeth:requiresCapability": [
    "Business and hiring judgment"
  ],
  "proeth:temporalExtent": "instant",
  "proeth:temporalMarker": "Shortly after Engineer D\u0027s announcement",
  "proeth:temporalSequence": 4,
  "proeth:textReferences": [
    "Shortly after Engineer D\u0027s announcement, Firm AE\u0026R announces Engineer D as a newly hired associate."
  ],
  "proeth:withinCompetence": true,
  "rdfs:label": "Associate Hiring Decision"
}

{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/10#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#",
    "time": "http://www.w3.org/2006/time#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/10#Action_Private_Firm_Position_Acceptance",
  "@type": "proeth:Action",
  "proeth:description": "Engineer D accepted the position of associate at Firm AE\u0026R, a consultant with whom Engineer D regularly interacted during tenure as City Engineer and that performed many City projects under D\u0027s oversight.",
  "proeth:eventRoleContext": "former City Engineer, incoming associate at Firm AE\u0026R",
  "proeth:foreseenUnintendedEffects": [
    "Concerns about objectivity and fairness regarding projects D previously oversaw for the City",
    "Potential to unfairly profit from contacts and special knowledge acquired as a public servant"
  ],
  "proeth:guidedByPrinciple": [
    "Right of Employment",
    "Spirit of the Ethics Code"
  ],
  "proeth:hasAgent": "Engineer D",
  "proeth:hasMentalState": "deliberate",
  "proeth:initiates": [
    "Potential Conflict of Interest",
    "Continuing Confidentiality Duty to Former Employer"
  ],
  "proeth:intendedOutcome": "Advance professional career in private consulting practice",
  "proeth:requiresCapability": [
    "Engineering expertise",
    "Knowledge of municipal projects and procurement"
  ],
  "proeth:temporalExtent": "instant",
  "proeth:temporalMarker": "Shortly after the resignation announcement",
  "proeth:temporalSequence": 5,
  "proeth:textReferences": [
    "accepted the position of \u201cassociate\u201d at Firm AE\u0026R, a consultant with whom Engineer D would have regularly interacted during tenure with the City"
  ],
  "proeth:withinCompetence": true,
  "rdfs:label": "Private Firm Position Acceptance"
}

{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/10#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#",
    "time": "http://www.w3.org/2006/time#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/10#Action_Continued_City_Work_Pursuit",
  "@type": "proeth:Action",
  "proeth:description": "Firm AE\u0026R decided to continue submitting proposals and performing consulting work for the City after hiring Engineer D, sustaining an ongoing business relationship with Engineer D\u0027s former public employer.",
  "proeth:eventRoleContext": "engineering consulting firm",
  "proeth:foreseenUnintendedEffects": [
    "Objectivity and fairness concerns if Engineer D is placed in responsible charge of projects D formerly oversaw for the City"
  ],
  "proeth:guidedByPrinciple": [
    "Spirit of the Ethics Code"
  ],
  "proeth:hasAgent": "Firm AE\u0026R",
  "proeth:hasMentalState": "deliberate",
  "proeth:initiates": [
    "Appearance of Improper Influence"
  ],
  "proeth:intendedOutcome": "Maintain and grow consulting work with the City",
  "proeth:requiresCapability": [
    "Proposal preparation",
    "Consulting engineering services"
  ],
  "proeth:temporalExtent": "interval",
  "proeth:temporalMarker": "Ongoing after hiring Engineer D",
  "proeth:temporalSequence": 8,
  "proeth:textReferences": [
    "the firm plans to continue submitting proposals and performing consulting work for the City"
  ],
  "proeth:withinCompetence": true,
  "rdfs:label": "Continued City Work Pursuit"
}

{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/10#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#",
    "time": "http://www.w3.org/2006/time#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/10#Event_Rapid_Municipal_Growth",
  "@type": "proeth:Event",
  "proeth:confidence": "0.85",
  "proeth:description": "The mid-sized municipality experiences rapid population and infrastructure growth, generating a high volume of consultant and construction contract activity that Engineer D handled as City Engineer.",
  "proeth:eventType": "exogenous",
  "proeth:initiates": [
    "Rapid Infrastructure Growth State",
    "High Contract Activity State"
  ],
  "proeth:temporalExtent": "interval",
  "proeth:temporalMarker": "Throughout Engineer D\u0027s tenure as City Engineer, prior to the resignation announcement",
  "proeth:temporalSequence": 2,
  "proeth:textReferences": [
    "works as the City Engineer in a mid-sized municipality that has been experiencing rapid growth along with rapid infrastructure growth"
  ],
  "rdfs:label": "Rapid Municipal Growth"
}

{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/10#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#",
    "time": "http://www.w3.org/2006/time#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/10#Event_Public_Employment_Termination",
  "@type": "proeth:Event",
  "proeth:causedByAction": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/10#Action_Public_Employment_Transition",
  "proeth:confidence": "0.9",
  "proeth:description": "Engineer D\u0027s tenure as City Engineer comes to an end following the announced resignation, ending public employment while leaving continuing post-employment ethical obligations such as confidentiality in place.",
  "proeth:eventType": "outcome",
  "proeth:initiates": [
    "Post-Employment Confidentiality State",
    "Transitional Employment State"
  ],
  "proeth:temporalExtent": "instant",
  "proeth:temporalMarker": "Shortly after Engineer D\u0027s announcement of plans to step down",
  "proeth:temporalSequence": 6,
  "proeth:terminates": [
    "City Engineer Tenure State"
  ],
  "proeth:textReferences": [
    "the situation of Engineer D who resigned the position as City Engineer in a mid-sized municipality",
    "Confidentiality is another ethical obligation that continues after one severs employment"
  ],
  "rdfs:label": "Public Employment Termination"
}

{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/10#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#",
    "time": "http://www.w3.org/2006/time#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/10#Event_Conflict_of_Interest_Emergence",
  "@type": "proeth:Event",
  "proeth:causedByAction": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/10#Action_Private_Firm_Position_Acceptance",
  "proeth:confidence": "0.88",
  "proeth:description": "Once Engineer D joins Firm AE\u0026R, a firm with active and prospective City contracts that Engineer D formerly oversaw, a known or potential conflict of interest and concerns about objectivity and fairness arise regarding Engineer D\u0027s involvement in those projects and in procurement before the City.",
  "proeth:eventType": "outcome",
  "proeth:initiates": [
    "Potential Conflict of Interest State",
    "Objectivity and Fairness Concern State"
  ],
  "proeth:temporalExtent": "instant",
  "proeth:temporalMarker": "Upon Engineer D joining Firm AE\u0026R as an associate",
  "proeth:temporalSequence": 7,
  "proeth:textReferences": [
    "the BER believes Engineer D\u2019s prior responsibilities with the City for projects currently under contract by D\u2019s new employer would raise concerns about objectivity and fairness if Firm AE\u0026R directly placed Engineer D in responsible charge of those projects as a consultant"
  ],
  "rdfs:label": "Conflict of Interest Emergence"
}

{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/10#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/10#CausalChain_1",
  "@type": "proeth:CausalChain",
  "proeth:causalLanguage": "Engineer D announces plans to step down as the City Engineer and indicates that they accepted a position at an unnamed engineering firm in the City.",
  "proeth:causalSequence": [
    {
      "proeth:description": "Engineer D announces plans to step down as City Engineer and accept a private firm position",
      "proeth:element": "Public Employment Transition",
      "proeth:step": 1
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "Engineer D\u0027s tenure as City Engineer ends following the announced resignation",
      "proeth:element": "Public Employment Termination",
      "proeth:step": 2
    }
  ],
  "proeth:cause": "Public Employment Transition",
  "proeth:counterfactual": "Had Engineer D not announced and pursued the resignation, the tenure as City Engineer would have continued and public employment would not have terminated",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "facts",
  "proeth:effect": "Public Employment Termination",
  "proeth:necessaryFactors": [
    "Engineer D\u0027s voluntary decision to resign as City Engineer",
    "Availability of a private-sector position to move into"
  ],
  "proeth:responsibilityType": "direct",
  "proeth:responsibleAgent": "Engineer D",
  "proeth:sufficientFactors": [
    "The announced resignation, once effectuated, was sufficient by itself to end Engineer D\u0027s public employment"
  ],
  "proeth:withinAgentControl": true
}

{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/10#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/10#CausalChain_2",
  "@type": "proeth:CausalChain",
  "proeth:causalLanguage": "The facts of the case specifically note Engineer A\u0027s employment contract with the City did not include a revolving door prohibition such as Engineer P faced in Case 15-8 . Thus, on the face of the matter, it would seem there is no legal barrier to Engineer A accepting employment with Firm AE\u0026R.",
  "proeth:causalSequence": [
    {
      "proeth:description": "The City omits revolving door provisions from senior-level employment contracts",
      "proeth:element": "Contract Provision Omission",
      "proeth:step": 1
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "Engineer D announces resignation with no post-employment restrictions in place",
      "proeth:element": "Public Employment Transition",
      "proeth:step": 2
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "Engineer D accepts the associate position at Firm AE\u0026R with no legal barrier",
      "proeth:element": "Private Firm Position Acceptance",
      "proeth:step": 3
    }
  ],
  "proeth:cause": "Contract Provision Omission",
  "proeth:counterfactual": "Had the City included a revolving door provision, Engineer D would have faced a legal barrier and likely could not have accepted immediate employment with Firm AE\u0026R in a capacity involving City work",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "discussion",
  "proeth:effect": "Private Firm Position Acceptance",
  "proeth:necessaryFactors": [
    "Absence of revolving door provisions in the City\u0027s senior-level employment contracts",
    "Engineer D\u0027s willingness to join a firm that contracts with the City",
    "Firm AE\u0026R\u0027s willingness to hire Engineer D"
  ],
  "proeth:responsibilityType": "indirect",
  "proeth:responsibleAgent": "The City (municipality)",
  "proeth:sufficientFactors": [
    "The absence of contractual prohibition combined with mutual employment interest was sufficient to permit acceptance of the AE\u0026R position without legal barrier"
  ],
  "proeth:withinAgentControl": true
}

{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/10#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/10#CausalChain_3",
  "@type": "proeth:CausalChain",
  "proeth:causalLanguage": "the BER believes Engineer D\u2019s prior responsibilities with the City for projects currently under contract by D\u2019s new employer would raise concerns about objectivity and fairness if Firm AE\u0026R directly placed Engineer D in responsible charge of those projects as a consultant.",
  "proeth:causalSequence": [
    {
      "proeth:description": "Engineer D\u0027s tenure as City Engineer ends, carrying contacts, associations, and special knowledge into the private sector",
      "proeth:element": "Public Employment Termination",
      "proeth:step": 1
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "Engineer D accepts the associate position at Firm AE\u0026R, a consultant D regularly interacted with as City Engineer",
      "proeth:element": "Private Firm Position Acceptance",
      "proeth:step": 2
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "Firm AE\u0026R continues submitting proposals and performing consulting work for the City",
      "proeth:element": "Continued City Work Pursuit",
      "proeth:step": 3
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "Actual or apparent conflicts arise regarding objectivity, fairness, confidentiality, and procurement influence",
      "proeth:element": "Conflict of Interest Emergence",
      "proeth:step": 4
    }
  ],
  "proeth:cause": "Private Firm Position Acceptance",
  "proeth:counterfactual": "Had Engineer D joined a firm without City contracts, or observed a cooling-off period isolated from former projects, the conflict of interest would not have emerged or would have been substantially mitigated",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "discussion",
  "proeth:effect": "Conflict of Interest Emergence",
  "proeth:necessaryFactors": [
    "Engineer D\u0027s acceptance of employment at Firm AE\u0026R",
    "Engineer D\u0027s prior senior-level oversight of AE\u0026R contracts and projects while City Engineer",
    "Firm AE\u0026R holding active and prospective City contracts"
  ],
  "proeth:responsibilityType": "shared",
  "proeth:responsibleAgent": "Engineer D",
  "proeth:sufficientFactors": [
    "Joining a firm whose active City projects Engineer D formerly oversaw, combined with the firm\u0027s intent to continue City work, was sufficient to create actual or apparent conflicts of interest"
  ],
  "proeth:withinAgentControl": true
}

{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/10#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/10#CausalChain_4",
  "@type": "proeth:CausalChain",
  "proeth:causalLanguage": "Shortly after Engineer D\u0027s announcement, Firm AE\u0026R announces Engineer D as a newly hired associate.  AE\u0026R completed many projects for the City during Engineer D\u0027s tenure as City Engineer, and the firm plans to continue submitting proposals and performing consulting work for the City.",
  "proeth:causalSequence": [
    {
      "proeth:description": "Firm AE\u0026R hires Engineer D and publicly announces the hire shortly after D\u0027s resignation announcement",
      "proeth:element": "Associate Hiring Decision",
      "proeth:step": 1
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "AE\u0026R plans to continue submitting proposals and performing consulting work for the City",
      "proeth:element": "Continued City Work Pursuit",
      "proeth:step": 2
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "Engineer D\u0027s position at a firm with active and prospective City contracts creates known or potential conflicts that could influence or appear to influence judgment",
      "proeth:element": "Conflict of Interest Emergence",
      "proeth:step": 3
    }
  ],
  "proeth:cause": "Associate Hiring Decision",
  "proeth:counterfactual": "Had AE\u0026R not hired Engineer D, or delayed the hire and isolated D from City-related work, the conflict of interest tied to this employment would not have emerged",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "facts",
  "proeth:effect": "Conflict of Interest Emergence",
  "proeth:necessaryFactors": [
    "Firm AE\u0026R\u0027s decision to hire Engineer D as an associate",
    "AE\u0026R\u0027s history of completed City projects during Engineer D\u0027s tenure",
    "AE\u0026R\u0027s intent to continue pursuing City work"
  ],
  "proeth:responsibilityType": "shared",
  "proeth:responsibleAgent": "Firm AE\u0026R (principals)",
  "proeth:sufficientFactors": [
    "Hiring the former City Engineer while holding and pursuing City contracts was sufficient to create the appearance that the firm could unfairly benefit from D\u0027s contacts, associations, and special knowledge"
  ],
  "proeth:withinAgentControl": true
}

{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/10#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/10#CausalChain_5",
  "@type": "proeth:CausalChain",
  "proeth:causalLanguage": "Engineer D, a licensed professional engineer, works as the City Engineer in a mid-sized municipality that has been experiencing rapid growth along with rapid infrastructure growth.",
  "proeth:causalSequence": [
    {
      "proeth:description": "The municipality experiences rapid population and infrastructure growth, generating high demand for engineering services",
      "proeth:element": "Rapid Municipal Growth",
      "proeth:step": 1
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "Firm AE\u0026R decides to continue submitting proposals and performing consulting work for the City",
      "proeth:element": "Continued City Work Pursuit",
      "proeth:step": 2
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "Because Engineer D now works at AE\u0026R, continued pursuit of City contracts raises objectivity and fairness concerns",
      "proeth:element": "Conflict of Interest Emergence",
      "proeth:step": 3
    }
  ],
  "proeth:cause": "Rapid Municipal Growth",
  "proeth:counterfactual": "Without rapid growth generating continued demand for consulting services, AE\u0026R would have had substantially less incentive and opportunity to continue pursuing City work",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "facts",
  "proeth:effect": "Continued City Work Pursuit",
  "proeth:necessaryFactors": [
    "Ongoing municipal and infrastructure growth generating consulting demand",
    "AE\u0026R\u0027s established track record of completed City projects"
  ],
  "proeth:responsibilityType": "indirect",
  "proeth:responsibleAgent": "Firm AE\u0026R",
  "proeth:sufficientFactors": [
    "Rapid infrastructure growth combined with AE\u0026R\u0027s prior successful City work was sufficient to motivate the firm to continue submitting proposals to the City"
  ],
  "proeth:withinAgentControl": true
}