{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/134#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#",
    "time": "http://www.w3.org/2006/time#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/134#Action_Purchase_Interest_Expression",
  "@type": "proeth:Action",
  "generatedAtTime": "2026-07-13T19:26:28.690229+00:00",
  "proeth:description": "Engineer C expressed initial interest in buying the small engineering subsidiary before the negotiations with Engineer B stalled.",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "facts",
  "proeth:eventRoleContext": "Prospective purchaser",
  "proeth:hasAgent": "Engineer C",
  "proeth:hasMentalState": "exploratory business interest",
  "proeth:initiates": [
    "Competing Purchase Interest"
  ],
  "proeth:intendedOutcome": "Evaluate a possible purchase of the subsidiary",
  "proeth:requiresCapability": [
    "Business judgment"
  ],
  "proeth:temporalExtent": "instant",
  "proeth:temporalMarker": "Prior to the stalled negotiations with Engineer B",
  "proeth:temporalSequence": 5,
  "proeth:textReferences": [
    "Engineer C had expressed some initial interest in buying the subsidiary"
  ],
  "proeth:withinCompetence": true,
  "rdfs:label": "Purchase Interest Expression"
}

{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/134#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#",
    "time": "http://www.w3.org/2006/time#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/134#Action_Negotiation_Stalling",
  "@type": "proeth:Action",
  "generatedAtTime": "2026-07-13T19:26:28.690286+00:00",
  "proeth:description": "Engineer B chose to stall the negotiations over the purchase of the subsidiary, prompting Engineer A\u0027s effort to create urgency.",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "facts",
  "proeth:eventRoleContext": "Prospective purchaser",
  "proeth:hasAgent": "Engineer B",
  "proeth:hasMentalState": "deliberate delay",
  "proeth:initiates": [
    "Stalled Negotiations"
  ],
  "proeth:intendedOutcome": "Avoid finalizing the deal on the current timeline",
  "proeth:requiresCapability": [
    "Business negotiation skill"
  ],
  "proeth:temporalExtent": "interval",
  "proeth:temporalMarker": "During the negotiation period, before Engineer A\u0027s statement",
  "proeth:temporalSequence": 6,
  "proeth:textReferences": [
    "Engineer A wants to move the negotiations forward to finalize the deal but Engineer B has been stalling."
  ],
  "proeth:withinCompetence": true,
  "rdfs:label": "Negotiation Stalling"
}

{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/134#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#",
    "time": "http://www.w3.org/2006/time#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/134#Action_Purchase_Interest_Withdrawal",
  "@type": "proeth:Action",
  "generatedAtTime": "2026-07-13T19:26:28.690260+00:00",
  "proeth:description": "After consideration, Engineer C definitively decided she was not interested in purchasing the subsidiary, ending any competing interest before Engineer A\u0027s statement to Engineer B.",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "facts",
  "proeth:eventRoleContext": "Prospective purchaser",
  "proeth:hasAgent": "Engineer C",
  "proeth:hasMentalState": "considered and definitive",
  "proeth:intendedOutcome": "Withdraw from any purchase of the subsidiary",
  "proeth:requiresCapability": [
    "Business judgment"
  ],
  "proeth:temporalExtent": "instant",
  "proeth:temporalMarker": "After consideration, before Engineer A\u0027s statement to Engineer B",
  "proeth:temporalSequence": 7,
  "proeth:terminates": [
    "Competing Purchase Interest"
  ],
  "proeth:textReferences": [
    "following consideration, Engineer C decided she was definitely not interested in purchasing the subsidiary"
  ],
  "proeth:withinCompetence": true,
  "rdfs:label": "Purchase Interest Withdrawal"
}

{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/134#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#",
    "time": "http://www.w3.org/2006/time#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/134#Action_Misleading_Urgency_Statement",
  "@type": "proeth:Action",
  "generatedAtTime": "2026-07-13T19:26:28.690019+00:00",
  "proeth:description": "Engineer A, seeking to move stalled negotiations forward, told Engineer B that another company had expressed interest in buying the subsidiary, invoking Engineer C\u0027s earlier interest even though Engineer C had definitively withdrawn.",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "facts",
  "proeth:eventRoleContext": "Chief Negotiator in the sale of the subsidiary",
  "proeth:foreseenUnintendedEffects": [
    "Potential material harm to Engineer B as an interested party during negotiations"
  ],
  "proeth:fulfillsObligation": [],
  "proeth:hasAgent": "Engineer A",
  "proeth:hasMentalState": "deliberate and calculated, described by the Board as artfully misleading",
  "proeth:initiates": [
    "Misleading Impression of Competing Interest",
    "Potential Material Harm to Interested Party"
  ],
  "proeth:intendedOutcome": "Pressure Engineer B to move quickly and finalize the sale of the subsidiary",
  "proeth:raisesObligation": [],
  "proeth:requiresCapability": [
    "Business negotiation skill"
  ],
  "proeth:temporalExtent": "instant",
  "proeth:temporalMarker": "During stalled negotiations, after Engineer C had decided against purchasing",
  "proeth:temporalSequence": 8,
  "proeth:textReferences": [
    "In an effort to move the negotiations forward, referring to Engineer C\u2019s earlier interest, Engineer A tells Engineer B, \u201cAnother company has expressed an interest in buying our subsidiary, so you had better move quickly if you are interested.\u201d",
    "Engineer A\u2019s comments were artfully misleading comments made during a business negotiation with potential purchaser intended to move discussions off \u201cdead center.\u201d"
  ],
  "proeth:violatesObligation": [
    "Obligation to be Honest, Truthful, and Forthcoming in Professional Dealings"
  ],
  "proeth:withinCompetence": true,
  "rdfs:label": "Misleading Urgency Statement"
}

{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/134#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#",
    "time": "http://www.w3.org/2006/time#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/134#Action_Nondisclosure_of_Circumstances",
  "@type": "proeth:Action",
  "generatedAtTime": "2026-07-13T19:26:28.690186+00:00",
  "proeth:description": "Engineer A omitted to disclose the full circumstances relating to Engineer C, namely that Engineer C had definitively decided against purchasing the subsidiary. The Board treats this nondisclosure as decisive, noting its conclusion would have been different with full disclosure.",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "discussion",
  "proeth:eventRoleContext": "Chief Negotiator in the sale of the subsidiary",
  "proeth:foreseenUnintendedEffects": [
    "Engineer B negotiating under a false impression of urgency"
  ],
  "proeth:fulfillsObligation": [],
  "proeth:hasAgent": "Engineer A",
  "proeth:hasMentalState": "deliberate withholding to preserve the impression of current competing interest",
  "proeth:initiates": [
    "Misleading Impression of Competing Interest"
  ],
  "proeth:intendedOutcome": "Maintain negotiating pressure on Engineer B by obscuring that the competing interest no longer existed",
  "proeth:raisesObligation": [],
  "proeth:requiresCapability": [
    "Business negotiation skill"
  ],
  "proeth:temporalExtent": "interval",
  "proeth:temporalMarker": "Concurrent with the misleading statement to Engineer B",
  "proeth:temporalSequence": 9,
  "proeth:textReferences": [
    "the Board would note that if Engineer A had fully disclosed the full circumstances relating to Engineer C, the Board\u2019s conclusion would have been different."
  ],
  "proeth:violatesObligation": [
    "Obligation to be Honest, Truthful, and Forthcoming in Professional Dealings"
  ],
  "proeth:withinCompetence": true,
  "rdfs:label": "Nondisclosure of Circumstances"
}

{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/134#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#",
    "time": "http://www.w3.org/2006/time#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/134#Action_Board_Rebuke_Determination",
  "@type": "proeth:Action",
  "generatedAtTime": "2026-07-13T19:26:28.690368+00:00",
  "proeth:description": "The NSPE Board of Ethical Review determined that Engineer A\u0027s comments to Engineer B were misleading and merit rebuke, distinguishing the conduct from the emphasis condoned in BER 72-11 and aligning it with the deception condemned in BER 86-6.",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "discussion",
  "proeth:guidedByPrinciple": [
    "Honesty and Truthfulness"
  ],
  "proeth:hasAgent": "NSPE Board of Ethical Review",
  "proeth:hasMentalState": "deliberative ethical judgment",
  "proeth:initiates": [
    "Conduct Adjudged Misleading"
  ],
  "proeth:intendedOutcome": "Rebuke misleading negotiation conduct and affirm that honesty and truthfulness are hallmark qualities of a practicing engineer",
  "proeth:requiresCapability": [
    "Ethical review and adjudication"
  ],
  "proeth:temporalExtent": "instant",
  "proeth:temporalMarker": "Retrospectively, after the events in the case facts",
  "proeth:temporalSequence": 11,
  "proeth:textReferences": [
    "the Board believes that Engineers A\u2019s comments to Engineer B, were misleading and are of a nature that merit the rebuke of the Board",
    "This Board strongly believes that honesty and truthfulness are hallmark qualities of a practicing engineer."
  ],
  "proeth:withinCompetence": true,
  "rdfs:label": "Board Rebuke Determination"
}

{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/134#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#",
    "time": "http://www.w3.org/2006/time#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/134#Event_Industry_Layoff",
  "@type": "proeth:Event",
  "generatedAtTime": "2026-07-13T19:26:28.690447+00:00",
  "proeth:confidence": "0.9",
  "proeth:description": "John Doe, along with thousands of other aerospace engineers, was laid off following the contract terminations, leaving him unemployed.",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "discussion",
  "proeth:eventType": "exogenous",
  "proeth:initiates": [
    "Unemployment State"
  ],
  "proeth:temporalExtent": "instant",
  "proeth:temporalMarker": "BER Case No. 72-11 precedent, immediately following the contract terminations",
  "proeth:temporalSequence": 1,
  "proeth:textReferences": [
    "Along with thousands of other engineers in the aerospace industry, Doe was laid off when contracts with his company were terminated and new work was not forthcoming."
  ],
  "rdfs:label": "Industry Layoff"
}

{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/134#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#",
    "time": "http://www.w3.org/2006/time#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/134#Event_Job_Search_Failure",
  "@type": "proeth:Event",
  "generatedAtTime": "2026-07-13T19:26:28.690480+00:00",
  "proeth:confidence": "0.8",
  "proeth:description": "John Doe\u0027s many months of seeking a new job in his specialized field produced no success, prompting the employment counselor\u0027s advice about managerial positions.",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "discussion",
  "proeth:eventType": "exogenous",
  "proeth:initiates": [
    "Specialized Field Employment Unavailability"
  ],
  "proeth:temporalExtent": "interval",
  "proeth:temporalMarker": "BER Case No. 72-11 precedent, many months after the layoff",
  "proeth:temporalSequence": 2,
  "proeth:textReferences": [
    "After many months of seeking a new job in his specialized field with no success"
  ],
  "rdfs:label": "Job Search Failure"
}

{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/134#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#",
    "time": "http://www.w3.org/2006/time#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/134#Event_Repeated_Application_Rejections",
  "@type": "proeth:Event",
  "generatedAtTime": "2026-07-13T19:26:28.690505+00:00",
  "proeth:confidence": "0.82",
  "proeth:description": "John Doe was repeatedly turned down for technical managerial or administrative positions because his resume showed a lack of such experience, which preceded his resume rewriting.",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "discussion",
  "proeth:eventType": "exogenous",
  "proeth:initiates": [
    "Managerial Employment Barrier"
  ],
  "proeth:temporalExtent": "interval",
  "proeth:temporalMarker": "BER Case No. 72-11 precedent, after the counselor\u0027s advice and before the resume rewrite",
  "proeth:temporalSequence": 3,
  "proeth:textReferences": [
    "After being turned down repeatedly for technical managerial or administrative positions because his resume showed a lack of such experience"
  ],
  "rdfs:label": "Repeated Application Rejections"
}

{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/134#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#",
    "time": "http://www.w3.org/2006/time#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/134#Event_New_Employment_Attainment",
  "@type": "proeth:Event",
  "generatedAtTime": "2026-07-13T19:26:28.690529+00:00",
  "proeth:causedByAction": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/134#Action_Resume_Emphasis_Rewriting",
  "proeth:confidence": "0.9",
  "proeth:description": "As a result of the rewritten resume, John Doe obtained a new job involving responsibilities in his general field of technical expertise.",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "discussion",
  "proeth:eventType": "outcome",
  "proeth:initiates": [
    "New Employment State"
  ],
  "proeth:temporalExtent": "instant",
  "proeth:temporalMarker": "BER Case No. 72-11 precedent, after Doe devised the new resume",
  "proeth:temporalSequence": 4,
  "proeth:terminates": [
    "Unemployment State"
  ],
  "proeth:textReferences": [
    "As a result, Doe was able to obtain a new job that involved responsibilities in his general field of technical expertise."
  ],
  "rdfs:label": "New Employment Attainment"
}

{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/134#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#",
    "time": "http://www.w3.org/2006/time#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/134#Event_Potential_Material_Harm",
  "@type": "proeth:Event",
  "generatedAtTime": "2026-07-13T19:26:28.690556+00:00",
  "proeth:causedByAction": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/134#Action_Misleading_Urgency_Statement",
  "proeth:confidence": "0.78",
  "proeth:description": "Engineer A\u0027s artfully misleading statement during the negotiation created the potential for material harm to Engineer B, the interested party in the negotiations.",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "discussion",
  "proeth:eventType": "outcome",
  "proeth:initiates": [
    "Potential Material Harm State",
    "Buyer Misled State"
  ],
  "proeth:temporalExtent": "interval",
  "proeth:temporalMarker": "During the negotiations, following Engineer A\u0027s statement to Engineer B",
  "proeth:temporalSequence": 10,
  "proeth:textReferences": [
    "The facts of this case suggest potential material harm to an interested party during negotiations."
  ],
  "rdfs:label": "Potential Material Harm"
}

{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/134#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/134#CausalChain_9",
  "@type": "proeth:CausalChain",
  "generatedAtTime": "2026-07-13T19:26:28.690776+00:00",
  "proeth:agentKnowledge": "Doe knew his managerial experience was of a minor nature but believed he could perform at a higher level if given the opportunity",
  "proeth:causalLanguage": "After being turned down repeatedly for technical managerial or administrative positions because his resume showed a lack of such experience, Doe devised a new resume, which played down his technical design experience and expertise and emphasized his minor managerial and administrative function in his former employment as an important responsibility.",
  "proeth:causalSequence": [
    {
      "proeth:description": "Months of unsuccessful search in Doe\u0027s specialized field",
      "proeth:element": "Job Search Failure",
      "proeth:step": 1
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "Doe turned down repeatedly because his resume showed a lack of managerial experience",
      "proeth:element": "Repeated Application Rejections",
      "proeth:step": 2
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "Doe devises a new resume emphasizing managerial functions and playing down technical design work",
      "proeth:element": "Resume Emphasis Rewriting",
      "proeth:step": 3
    }
  ],
  "proeth:cause": "Repeated Application Rejections",
  "proeth:counterfactual": "Without repeated rejections tied to the resume\u0027s content, Doe would have had no reason to devise a new resume with different emphasis",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "discussion",
  "proeth:effect": "Resume Emphasis Rewriting",
  "proeth:interveningFactors": [
    "Employment counselor\u0027s advice",
    "Prolonged unemployment pressure"
  ],
  "proeth:necessaryFactors": [
    "Repeated rejections attributable to the resume showing lack of managerial experience",
    "Doe\u0027s belief he could perform satisfactorily at a higher managerial level",
    "Existence of some genuine, though minor, managerial experience to emphasize"
  ],
  "proeth:responsibilityType": "direct",
  "proeth:responsibleAgent": "John Doe",
  "proeth:sufficientFactors": [
    "Repeated rejections + genuine (if minor) managerial experience + Doe\u0027s decision to shift emphasis"
  ],
  "proeth:withinAgentControl": true
}

{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/134#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/134#CausalChain_10",
  "@type": "proeth:CausalChain",
  "generatedAtTime": "2026-07-13T19:26:28.690794+00:00",
  "proeth:agentKnowledge": "Doe knew the resume emphasized minor experience but the Board found his action \u0027can be condoned as something less than an exaggeration\u0027",
  "proeth:causalLanguage": "As a result, Doe was able to obtain a new job that involved responsibilities in his general field of technical expertise.",
  "proeth:causalSequence": [
    {
      "proeth:description": "Doe devises a resume emphasizing managerial experience over technical design work",
      "proeth:element": "Resume Emphasis Rewriting",
      "proeth:step": 1
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "A prospective employer evaluates Doe based on the emphasized managerial experience",
      "proeth:element": "Employer Evaluation",
      "proeth:step": 2
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "Doe obtains a new job involving responsibilities in his general field of technical expertise",
      "proeth:element": "New Employment Attainment",
      "proeth:step": 3
    }
  ],
  "proeth:cause": "Resume Emphasis Rewriting",
  "proeth:counterfactual": "With the original resume, Doe was being repeatedly rejected; without the rewrite, the new employment would likely not have been obtained",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "discussion",
  "proeth:effect": "New Employment Attainment",
  "proeth:interveningFactors": [
    "Employer\u0027s hiring decision",
    "The Board\u0027s view that this was a \u0027degree of emphasis\u0027 and accepted sales technique"
  ],
  "proeth:necessaryFactors": [
    "The rewritten resume emphasizing managerial and administrative experience",
    "An employer willing to hire based on the presented emphasis",
    "Doe\u0027s underlying competence in his general field of technical expertise"
  ],
  "proeth:responsibilityType": "direct",
  "proeth:responsibleAgent": "John Doe",
  "proeth:sufficientFactors": [
    "Rewritten resume + matching job opening + Doe\u0027s genuine underlying qualifications"
  ],
  "proeth:withinAgentControl": true
}

{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/134#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/134#CausalChain_1",
  "@type": "proeth:CausalChain",
  "generatedAtTime": "2026-07-13T19:26:28.690613+00:00",
  "proeth:agentKnowledge": "Engineer A knew Engineer C had definitively withdrawn her interest but chose to present her earlier interest as current",
  "proeth:causalLanguage": "Engineer A wants to move the negotiations forward to finalize the deal but Engineer B has been stalling. ... In an effort to move the negotiations forward, referring to Engineer C\u2019s earlier interest, Engineer A tells Engineer B, \u201cAnother company has expressed an interest in buying our subsidiary, so you had better move quickly if you are interested.\u201d",
  "proeth:causalSequence": [
    {
      "proeth:description": "Engineer B stalls the negotiations over the purchase of the subsidiary",
      "proeth:element": "Negotiation Stalling",
      "proeth:step": 1
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "Engineer A, as chief negotiator, wants to move negotiations forward to finalize the deal",
      "proeth:element": "Deal Pressure on Engineer A",
      "proeth:step": 2
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "Engineer A tells Engineer B another company has expressed interest, urging quick action",
      "proeth:element": "Misleading Urgency Statement",
      "proeth:step": 3
    }
  ],
  "proeth:cause": "Negotiation Stalling",
  "proeth:counterfactual": "Had Engineer B not stalled, Engineer A would have had no motive to fabricate urgency, and the misleading statement would likely not have been made",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "facts",
  "proeth:effect": "Misleading Urgency Statement",
  "proeth:interveningFactors": [
    "Business pressure to finalize the sale",
    "Engineer B\u0027s deliberate delay tactics"
  ],
  "proeth:necessaryFactors": [
    "Engineer B\u0027s stalling of the negotiations",
    "Engineer A\u0027s role as chief negotiator with a motive to finalize the deal",
    "Engineer A\u0027s awareness of Engineer C\u0027s earlier interest as usable leverage"
  ],
  "proeth:responsibilityType": "direct",
  "proeth:responsibleAgent": "Engineer A",
  "proeth:sufficientFactors": [
    "Combination of stalled negotiations + Engineer A\u0027s desire to close the deal + availability of Engineer C\u0027s prior interest as a pressure tactic"
  ],
  "proeth:withinAgentControl": true
}

{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/134#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/134#CausalChain_2",
  "@type": "proeth:CausalChain",
  "generatedAtTime": "2026-07-13T19:26:28.690644+00:00",
  "proeth:agentKnowledge": "Engineer A knew the interest was only initial and had since been withdrawn",
  "proeth:causalLanguage": "In an effort to move the negotiations forward, referring to Engineer C\u2019s earlier interest, Engineer A tells Engineer B, \u201cAnother company has expressed an interest in buying our subsidiary, so you had better move quickly if you are interested.\u201d",
  "proeth:causalSequence": [
    {
      "proeth:description": "Engineer C expresses initial interest in buying the subsidiary",
      "proeth:element": "Purchase Interest Expression",
      "proeth:step": 1
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "Engineer C decides she is definitely not interested in purchasing",
      "proeth:element": "Purchase Interest Withdrawal",
      "proeth:step": 2
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "Engineer A references the earlier interest as if it were current to pressure Engineer B",
      "proeth:element": "Misleading Urgency Statement",
      "proeth:step": 3
    }
  ],
  "proeth:cause": "Purchase Interest Expression",
  "proeth:counterfactual": "Without Engineer C\u0027s earlier interest, Engineer A would have had no factual kernel on which to base the urgency claim; the specific misleading statement could not have been made in this form",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "facts",
  "proeth:effect": "Misleading Urgency Statement",
  "proeth:interveningFactors": [
    "Engineer C\u0027s subsequent withdrawal of interest"
  ],
  "proeth:necessaryFactors": [
    "Engineer C\u0027s initial expression of interest in buying the subsidiary",
    "Engineer A\u0027s knowledge of that earlier interest"
  ],
  "proeth:responsibilityType": "direct",
  "proeth:responsibleAgent": "Engineer A",
  "proeth:sufficientFactors": [
    "Engineer C\u0027s prior interest + Engineer A\u0027s decision to invoke it out of context to pressure Engineer B"
  ],
  "proeth:withinAgentControl": true
}

{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/134#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/134#CausalChain_3",
  "@type": "proeth:CausalChain",
  "generatedAtTime": "2026-07-13T19:26:28.690666+00:00",
  "proeth:agentKnowledge": "Engineer A knew Engineer C was definitely not interested at the time of speaking to Engineer B",
  "proeth:causalLanguage": "Engineer C had expressed some initial interest in buying the subsidiary, but following consideration, Engineer C decided she was definitely not interested in purchasing the subsidiary.",
  "proeth:causalSequence": [
    {
      "proeth:description": "Engineer C decides definitively not to purchase the subsidiary",
      "proeth:element": "Purchase Interest Withdrawal",
      "proeth:step": 1
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "Engineer A omits the fact of withdrawal when invoking Engineer C\u0027s earlier interest with Engineer B",
      "proeth:element": "Nondisclosure of Circumstances",
      "proeth:step": 2
    }
  ],
  "proeth:cause": "Purchase Interest Withdrawal",
  "proeth:counterfactual": "If Engineer C had not withdrawn, there would have been nothing material to conceal; the nondisclosure only becomes deceptive because of the withdrawal",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "facts",
  "proeth:effect": "Nondisclosure of Circumstances",
  "proeth:necessaryFactors": [
    "Engineer C\u0027s definitive withdrawal of interest",
    "Engineer A\u0027s decision to reference Engineer C\u0027s interest without updating Engineer B"
  ],
  "proeth:responsibilityType": "direct",
  "proeth:responsibleAgent": "Engineer A",
  "proeth:sufficientFactors": [
    "Withdrawal of interest + Engineer A\u0027s choice to conceal it while invoking the earlier interest"
  ],
  "proeth:withinAgentControl": true
}

{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/134#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/134#CausalChain_4",
  "@type": "proeth:CausalChain",
  "generatedAtTime": "2026-07-13T19:26:28.690685+00:00",
  "proeth:agentKnowledge": "Engineer A knew there was no current competing buyer and that the statement would pressure Engineer B",
  "proeth:causalLanguage": "The facts of this case suggest potential material harm to an interested party during negotiations.",
  "proeth:causalSequence": [
    {
      "proeth:description": "Engineer A claims another company is interested, urging Engineer B to move quickly",
      "proeth:element": "Misleading Urgency Statement",
      "proeth:step": 1
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "Engineer B is placed under artificial time and price pressure based on untrue premises",
      "proeth:element": "False Competitive Pressure",
      "proeth:step": 2
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "Potential material harm to an interested party (Engineer B) during negotiations",
      "proeth:element": "Potential Material Harm",
      "proeth:step": 3
    }
  ],
  "proeth:cause": "Misleading Urgency Statement",
  "proeth:counterfactual": "Without the misleading statement, Engineer B would have negotiated on accurate information and faced no risk of harm from false competitive pressure",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "discussion",
  "proeth:effect": "Potential Material Harm",
  "proeth:interveningFactors": [
    "Engineer B\u0027s own negotiating conduct and stalling"
  ],
  "proeth:necessaryFactors": [
    "Engineer A\u0027s misleading statement conveying false competitive pressure",
    "Engineer B\u0027s status as an interested party actively negotiating",
    "Engineer B\u0027s reliance on the honesty of a professional engineer counterpart"
  ],
  "proeth:responsibilityType": "direct",
  "proeth:responsibleAgent": "Engineer A",
  "proeth:sufficientFactors": [
    "Misleading urgency claim + ongoing negotiation in which Engineer B might act (pay more, decide faster) based on false information"
  ],
  "proeth:withinAgentControl": true
}

{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/134#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/134#CausalChain_5",
  "@type": "proeth:CausalChain",
  "generatedAtTime": "2026-07-13T19:26:28.690705+00:00",
  "proeth:agentKnowledge": "Engineer A knew the true state of Engineer C\u0027s interest and intended the statement to move discussions off \u0027dead center\u0027",
  "proeth:causalLanguage": "the Board believes that Engineers A\u2019s comments to Engineer B, were misleading and are of a nature that merit the rebuke of the Board.",
  "proeth:causalSequence": [
    {
      "proeth:description": "Engineer A makes artfully misleading comments during the negotiation",
      "proeth:element": "Misleading Urgency Statement",
      "proeth:step": 1
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "The statement creates potential material harm to Engineer B, an interested party",
      "proeth:element": "Potential Material Harm",
      "proeth:step": 2
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "The Board determines the comments were misleading and merit rebuke",
      "proeth:element": "Board Rebuke Determination",
      "proeth:step": 3
    }
  ],
  "proeth:cause": "Misleading Urgency Statement",
  "proeth:counterfactual": "Had Engineer A not made the misleading statement, there would have been no conduct meriting rebuke",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "discussion",
  "proeth:effect": "Board Rebuke Determination",
  "proeth:interveningFactors": [
    "Board precedents in BER Cases 72-11 and 86-6 shaping the standard applied"
  ],
  "proeth:necessaryFactors": [
    "Engineer A\u0027s artfully misleading comments during a business negotiation",
    "The professional obligation of engineers to be honest, truthful, and forthcoming",
    "Board review of the conduct"
  ],
  "proeth:responsibilityType": "direct",
  "proeth:responsibleAgent": "Engineer A",
  "proeth:sufficientFactors": [
    "Misleading statement + potential material harm to an interested party + Board\u0027s application of the honesty principle"
  ],
  "proeth:withinAgentControl": true
}

{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/134#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/134#CausalChain_6",
  "@type": "proeth:CausalChain",
  "generatedAtTime": "2026-07-13T19:26:28.690722+00:00",
  "proeth:agentKnowledge": "Engineer A knew the full circumstances relating to Engineer C and chose not to disclose them",
  "proeth:causalLanguage": "the Board would note that if Engineer A had fully disclosed the full circumstances relating to Engineer C, the Board\u2019s conclusion would have been different.",
  "proeth:causalSequence": [
    {
      "proeth:description": "Engineer A omits that Engineer C had definitively withdrawn her interest",
      "proeth:element": "Nondisclosure of Circumstances",
      "proeth:step": 1
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "The urgency statement becomes artfully misleading rather than a truthful disclosure",
      "proeth:element": "Deceptive Character of the Statement",
      "proeth:step": 2
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "Board finds conduct merits rebuke, noting full disclosure would have changed its conclusion",
      "proeth:element": "Board Rebuke Determination",
      "proeth:step": 3
    }
  ],
  "proeth:cause": "Nondisclosure of Circumstances",
  "proeth:counterfactual": "The Board explicitly states its conclusion would have been different with full disclosure; therefore the rebuke would not have occurred without the nondisclosure",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "discussion",
  "proeth:effect": "Board Rebuke Determination",
  "proeth:necessaryFactors": [
    "Engineer A\u0027s omission of Engineer C\u0027s definitive withdrawal of interest",
    "The invocation of Engineer C\u0027s earlier interest in the statement to Engineer B"
  ],
  "proeth:responsibilityType": "direct",
  "proeth:responsibleAgent": "Engineer A",
  "proeth:sufficientFactors": [
    "Referencing Engineer C\u0027s interest + concealing its withdrawal, rendering the statement deceptive"
  ],
  "proeth:withinAgentControl": true
}

{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/134#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/134#CausalChain_7",
  "@type": "proeth:CausalChain",
  "generatedAtTime": "2026-07-13T19:26:28.690740+00:00",
  "proeth:agentKnowledge": "Doe had no control over or advance ability to prevent contract terminations",
  "proeth:causalLanguage": "Along with thousands of other engineers in the aerospace industry, Doe was laid off when contracts with his company were terminated and new work was not forthcoming.",
  "proeth:causalSequence": [
    {
      "proeth:description": "Aerospace contracts with Doe\u0027s company terminated; no new work forthcoming",
      "proeth:element": "Contract Termination",
      "proeth:step": 1
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "Doe laid off along with thousands of other aerospace engineers",
      "proeth:element": "Industry Layoff",
      "proeth:step": 2
    }
  ],
  "proeth:cause": "Contract Termination",
  "proeth:counterfactual": "Had contracts continued or new work materialized, Doe and other engineers would likely not have been laid off",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "discussion",
  "proeth:effect": "Industry Layoff",
  "proeth:interveningFactors": [
    "Industry-wide aerospace downturn"
  ],
  "proeth:necessaryFactors": [
    "Termination of aerospace contracts with Doe\u0027s company",
    "Absence of new work to replace terminated contracts"
  ],
  "proeth:responsibilityType": "indirect",
  "proeth:responsibleAgent": "Aerospace company / industry conditions (no individual engineer)",
  "proeth:sufficientFactors": [
    "Contract terminations + no forthcoming new work, eliminating the economic basis for employment"
  ],
  "proeth:withinAgentControl": false
}

{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/134#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/134#CausalChain_8",
  "@type": "proeth:CausalChain",
  "generatedAtTime": "2026-07-13T19:26:28.690758+00:00",
  "proeth:agentKnowledge": "Doe knew his field was highly specialized and the market flooded with laid-off engineers",
  "proeth:causalLanguage": "After many months of seeking a new job in his specialized field with no success, Doe was advised by an employment counselor that Doe\u2019s only opportunity lay in finding a position involving management and administration of engineering work.",
  "proeth:causalSequence": [
    {
      "proeth:description": "Doe laid off along with thousands of other aerospace engineers",
      "proeth:element": "Industry Layoff",
      "proeth:step": 1
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "Many months of seeking work in his specialized field produce no success",
      "proeth:element": "Job Search Failure",
      "proeth:step": 2
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "Employment counselor advises Doe his only opportunity lies in management/administration positions",
      "proeth:element": "Counselor Advice",
      "proeth:step": 3
    }
  ],
  "proeth:cause": "Industry Layoff",
  "proeth:counterfactual": "Without the layoff, Doe would not have been searching for a job at all; without the industry-wide downturn, his search may have succeeded",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "discussion",
  "proeth:effect": "Job Search Failure",
  "proeth:interveningFactors": [
    "Thousands of competing laid-off aerospace engineers"
  ],
  "proeth:necessaryFactors": [
    "Doe\u0027s loss of employment through the layoff",
    "Highly specialized nature of Doe\u0027s design field",
    "Depressed labor market with thousands of similar engineers laid off"
  ],
  "proeth:responsibilityType": "indirect",
  "proeth:responsibleAgent": "Industry/market conditions (no culpable individual)",
  "proeth:sufficientFactors": [
    "Layoff + saturated market of specialized aerospace engineers seeking the same limited positions"
  ],
  "proeth:withinAgentControl": false
}