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Overview
Provenance Draft

PASS 3: Temporal Dynamics

Case 157: Whistleblowing

30 entities 7 actions 3 events 8 causal chains 11 temporal relations
Timeline Overview
Action Event 10 sequenced markers
Deficiency Discovery During Engineer A's review of subcontractor submissions, at the start of the case timeline
Deficiency Reporting Early in the assignment, in the course of his review work
Recommendation Rejection Following Engineer A's initial memoranda
Continued Internal Advocacy After management rejected his initial comments
Critical Memorandum Filing After continued exchanges of memoranda and ongoing disagreement
Probation Imposition Subsequent to the critical memorandum
Continued Insistence After being placed on probation
Ethical Review Request Most recent event in the timeline, following the probation and continued disagreement
Disagreement Persistence After the exchange of further memoranda between Engineer A and management
Employment Jeopardy Onset Upon placement on three months' probation
OWL-Time Temporal Structure 11 relations time: = w3.org/2006/time
Engineer A's review of subcontractor submissions time:intervalBefore memoranda to superiors identifying deficiencies
Engineer A's memoranda urging rejection/redesign time:intervalBefore management's rejection of his comments
management's rejection of comments time:intervalBefore exchange of further memoranda and continued disagreement
exchange of further memoranda and continued disagreement time:intervalBefore placement of critical memorandum in personnel file
placement of critical memorandum in personnel file time:intervalBefore three months' probation with warning of termination
Engineer A's continued insistence on employer obligation time:intervalOverlaps probation period
Engineer A's continued insistence time:intervalBefore request for ethical review and determination
Engineer A's memoranda and disagreement with management time:intervalDuring Engineer A's employment at the industrial defense company
precedent Board decisions (earlier cases on refusal to participate and on business decisions) time:intervalBefore present ethical review of Engineer A's conduct
national whistleblowing cases in the defense field time:intervalBefore present ethical review of Engineer A's conduct
engineers' whistleblowing experiences (loss of employment) time:intervalBefore engineers ultimately prevailing on legal or political grounds
Extracted Actions (7)
Volitional professional decisions with intentions and ethical context

Description: Engineer A advised his superiors by memoranda of problems he found with a subcontractor's submissions and urged management to reject the work and require correction of the deficiencies.

Temporal Marker: Early in the assignment, in the course of his review work interval

Fluent Transitions:
Initiates (1)
  • Disagreement Between Engineer A and Management

Mental State: deliberate professional judgment

Intended Outcome: Have management reject deficient subcontractor work and require corrections

Foreseen Unintended Effects:

  • Disagreement with management over cost and time delay claims
Obligation Engagement:
Fulfills (1)
  • Obligation to Ensure Subcontractor Compliance with Specifications
Guided By Principles:
  • Public Welfare Principle
Required Capabilities:
Review of adequacy and acceptability of subcontractor plans Engineering judgment
Within Competence: Yes
Field classification (triples vs literals)
Relations (structural triples)
  • fulfillsObligation: Obligation to Ensure Subcontractor Compliance with Specifications
  • guidedByPrinciple: Public Welfare Principle
  • requiresCapability: Review of adequacy and acceptability of subcontractor plans; Engineering judgment
  • initiates: Disagreement Between Engineer A and Management
Literal extractions (kept for synthesis)
  • description content: Engineer A advised his superiors by memoranda of problems he found with a subcontractor's submissions and urged management to reject the work and require correction of the deficiencies.
  • hasAgent content: Engineer A
  • temporalMarker content: Early in the assignment, in the course of his review work
  • eventRoleContext content: Engineer reviewing subcontractor work
  • hasMentalState content: deliberate professional judgment
  • intendedOutcome content: Have management reject deficient subcontractor work and require corrections
  • foreseenUnintendedEffects content: Disagreement with management over cost and time delay claims
  • textReferences content: Engineer A advised his superiors by memoranda of problems he found with certain submissions of one of the subcontractors, and urged management to reject such work and require the subcontractors to correct the deficiencies he outlined.
  • temporalExtent content: interval
  • temporalSequence content: 2
  • withinCompetence assessment: True
RDF JSON-LD 
{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/157#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#",
    "time": "http://www.w3.org/2006/time#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/157#Action_Deficiency_Reporting",
  "@type": "proeth:Action",
  "generatedAtTime": "2026-07-12T15:40:26.911753+00:00",
  "proeth:description": "Engineer A advised his superiors by memoranda of problems he found with a subcontractor\u0027s submissions and urged management to reject the work and require correction of the deficiencies.",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "facts",
  "proeth:eventRoleContext": "Engineer reviewing subcontractor work",
  "proeth:foreseenUnintendedEffects": [
    "Disagreement with management over cost and time delay claims"
  ],
  "proeth:fulfillsObligation": [
    "Obligation to Ensure Subcontractor Compliance with Specifications"
  ],
  "proeth:guidedByPrinciple": [
    "Public Welfare Principle"
  ],
  "proeth:hasAgent": "Engineer A",
  "proeth:hasMentalState": "deliberate professional judgment",
  "proeth:initiates": [
    "Disagreement Between Engineer A and Management"
  ],
  "proeth:intendedOutcome": "Have management reject deficient subcontractor work and require corrections",
  "proeth:raisesObligation": [],
  "proeth:requiresCapability": [
    "Review of adequacy and acceptability of subcontractor plans",
    "Engineering judgment"
  ],
  "proeth:temporalExtent": "interval",
  "proeth:temporalMarker": "Early in the assignment, in the course of his review work",
  "proeth:temporalSequence": 2,
  "proeth:textReferences": [
    "Engineer A advised his superiors by memoranda of problems he found with certain submissions of one of the subcontractors, and urged management to reject such work and require the subcontractors to correct the deficiencies he outlined."
  ],
  "proeth:violatesObligation": [],
  "proeth:withinCompetence": true,
  "rdfs:label": "Deficiency Reporting"
}

Description: Management rejected Engineer A's comments, particularly his proposal that the work of a particular subcontractor be redesigned based on his claims of excessive cost and time delays.

Temporal Marker: Following Engineer A's initial memoranda instant

Fluent Transitions:
Initiates (1)
  • Management Rejection of Engineer A's Position

Mental State: deliberate business judgment

Intended Outcome: Accept the subcontractor's work and avoid the redesign proposed by Engineer A

Foreseen Unintended Effects:

  • Continued disagreement with Engineer A
Required Capabilities:
Management decision-making authority over subcontractor acceptance
Within Competence: Yes
Field classification (triples vs literals)
Relations (structural triples)
  • requiresCapability: Management decision-making authority over subcontractor acceptance
  • initiates: Management Rejection of Engineer A's Position
Literal extractions (kept for synthesis)
  • description content: Management rejected Engineer A's comments, particularly his proposal that the work of a particular subcontractor be redesigned based on his claims of excessive cost and time delays.
  • hasAgent content: Management
  • temporalMarker content: Following Engineer A's initial memoranda
  • eventRoleContext content: Engineer A's superiors at the industrial company
  • hasMentalState content: deliberate business judgment
  • intendedOutcome content: Accept the subcontractor's work and avoid the redesign proposed by Engineer A
  • foreseenUnintendedEffects content: Continued disagreement with Engineer A
  • textReferences content: Management rejected the comments of Engineer A, particularly his proposal that the work of a particular subcontractor be redesigned because of Engineer A's claim that the subcontractor's submission represented excessive cost and time delays.
  • temporalExtent content: instant
  • temporalSequence content: 3
  • withinCompetence assessment: True
RDF JSON-LD 
{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/157#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#",
    "time": "http://www.w3.org/2006/time#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/157#Action_Recommendation_Rejection",
  "@type": "proeth:Action",
  "generatedAtTime": "2026-07-12T15:40:26.912328+00:00",
  "proeth:description": "Management rejected Engineer A\u0027s comments, particularly his proposal that the work of a particular subcontractor be redesigned based on his claims of excessive cost and time delays.",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "facts",
  "proeth:eventRoleContext": "Engineer A\u0027s superiors at the industrial company",
  "proeth:foreseenUnintendedEffects": [
    "Continued disagreement with Engineer A"
  ],
  "proeth:hasAgent": "Management",
  "proeth:hasMentalState": "deliberate business judgment",
  "proeth:initiates": [
    "Management Rejection of Engineer A\u0027s Position"
  ],
  "proeth:intendedOutcome": "Accept the subcontractor\u0027s work and avoid the redesign proposed by Engineer A",
  "proeth:requiresCapability": [
    "Management decision-making authority over subcontractor acceptance"
  ],
  "proeth:temporalExtent": "instant",
  "proeth:temporalMarker": "Following Engineer A\u0027s initial memoranda",
  "proeth:temporalSequence": 3,
  "proeth:textReferences": [
    "Management rejected the comments of Engineer A, particularly his proposal that the work of a particular subcontractor be redesigned because of Engineer A\u0027s claim that the subcontractor\u0027s submission represented excessive cost and time delays."
  ],
  "proeth:withinCompetence": true,
  "rdfs:label": "Recommendation Rejection"
}

Description: Engineer A continued pressing his objections through further exchanges of memoranda with his management superiors despite management's rejection of his position.

Temporal Marker: After management rejected his initial comments interval

Fluent Transitions:
Initiates (1)
  • Escalated Disagreement Within the Company

Mental State: persistent conviction that the subcontractor work was deficient

Intended Outcome: Persuade management to require the subcontractor to meet the specifications and avoid unjustified expenditure

Foreseen Unintended Effects:

  • Escalating conflict with management
  • Risk of adverse personnel consequences
Guided By Principles:
  • Public Welfare Principle
  • Personal Conscience
Required Capabilities:
Engineering judgment Internal advocacy and written communication
Within Competence: Yes
Field classification (triples vs literals)
Relations (structural triples)
  • guidedByPrinciple: Public Welfare Principle; Personal Conscience
  • requiresCapability: Engineering judgment; Internal advocacy and written communication
  • initiates: Escalated Disagreement Within the Company
Literal extractions (kept for synthesis)
  • description content: Engineer A continued pressing his objections through further exchanges of memoranda with his management superiors despite management's rejection of his position.
  • hasAgent content: Engineer A
  • temporalMarker content: After management rejected his initial comments
  • eventRoleContext content: Engineer reviewing subcontractor work
  • hasMentalState content: persistent conviction that the subcontractor work was deficient
  • intendedOutcome content: Persuade management to require the subcontractor to meet the specifications and avoid unjustified expenditure
  • foreseenUnintendedEffects content: Escalating conflict with management; Risk of adverse personnel consequences
  • textReferences content: After the exchange of further memoranda between Engineer A and his management superiors, and continued disagreement between Engineer A and management on the issues he raised
  • temporalExtent content: interval
  • temporalSequence content: 4
  • withinCompetence assessment: True
RDF JSON-LD 
{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/157#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#",
    "time": "http://www.w3.org/2006/time#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/157#Action_Continued_Internal_Advocacy",
  "@type": "proeth:Action",
  "generatedAtTime": "2026-07-12T15:40:26.912412+00:00",
  "proeth:description": "Engineer A continued pressing his objections through further exchanges of memoranda with his management superiors despite management\u0027s rejection of his position.",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "facts",
  "proeth:eventRoleContext": "Engineer reviewing subcontractor work",
  "proeth:foreseenUnintendedEffects": [
    "Escalating conflict with management",
    "Risk of adverse personnel consequences"
  ],
  "proeth:guidedByPrinciple": [
    "Public Welfare Principle",
    "Personal Conscience"
  ],
  "proeth:hasAgent": "Engineer A",
  "proeth:hasMentalState": "persistent conviction that the subcontractor work was deficient",
  "proeth:initiates": [
    "Escalated Disagreement Within the Company"
  ],
  "proeth:intendedOutcome": "Persuade management to require the subcontractor to meet the specifications and avoid unjustified expenditure",
  "proeth:requiresCapability": [
    "Engineering judgment",
    "Internal advocacy and written communication"
  ],
  "proeth:temporalExtent": "interval",
  "proeth:temporalMarker": "After management rejected his initial comments",
  "proeth:temporalSequence": 4,
  "proeth:textReferences": [
    "After the exchange of further memoranda between Engineer A and his management superiors, and continued disagreement between Engineer A and management on the issues he raised"
  ],
  "proeth:withinCompetence": true,
  "rdfs:label": "Continued Internal Advocacy"
}

Description: Management placed a critical memorandum in Engineer A's personnel file after continued disagreement over the issues he raised.

Temporal Marker: After continued exchanges of memoranda and ongoing disagreement instant

Fluent Transitions:
Initiates (1)
  • Adverse Personnel Record

Mental State: deliberate disciplinary intent

Intended Outcome: Document dissatisfaction with Engineer A's conduct and pressure him to conform

Foreseen Unintended Effects:

  • Damage to Engineer A's employment record
Required Capabilities:
Personnel management authority
Within Competence: Yes
Field classification (triples vs literals)
Relations (structural triples)
  • requiresCapability: Personnel management authority
  • initiates: Adverse Personnel Record
Literal extractions (kept for synthesis)
  • description content: Management placed a critical memorandum in Engineer A's personnel file after continued disagreement over the issues he raised.
  • hasAgent content: Management
  • temporalMarker content: After continued exchanges of memoranda and ongoing disagreement
  • eventRoleContext content: Engineer A's superiors at the industrial company
  • hasMentalState content: deliberate disciplinary intent
  • intendedOutcome content: Document dissatisfaction with Engineer A's conduct and pressure him to conform
  • foreseenUnintendedEffects content: Damage to Engineer A's employment record
  • textReferences content: management placed a critical memorandum in his personnel file
  • temporalExtent content: instant
  • temporalSequence content: 6
  • withinCompetence assessment: True
RDF JSON-LD 
{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/157#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#",
    "time": "http://www.w3.org/2006/time#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/157#Action_Critical_Memorandum_Filing",
  "@type": "proeth:Action",
  "generatedAtTime": "2026-07-12T15:40:26.912448+00:00",
  "proeth:description": "Management placed a critical memorandum in Engineer A\u0027s personnel file after continued disagreement over the issues he raised.",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "facts",
  "proeth:eventRoleContext": "Engineer A\u0027s superiors at the industrial company",
  "proeth:foreseenUnintendedEffects": [
    "Damage to Engineer A\u0027s employment record"
  ],
  "proeth:hasAgent": "Management",
  "proeth:hasMentalState": "deliberate disciplinary intent",
  "proeth:initiates": [
    "Adverse Personnel Record"
  ],
  "proeth:intendedOutcome": "Document dissatisfaction with Engineer A\u0027s conduct and pressure him to conform",
  "proeth:requiresCapability": [
    "Personnel management authority"
  ],
  "proeth:temporalExtent": "instant",
  "proeth:temporalMarker": "After continued exchanges of memoranda and ongoing disagreement",
  "proeth:temporalSequence": 6,
  "proeth:textReferences": [
    "management placed a critical memorandum in his personnel file"
  ],
  "proeth:withinCompetence": true,
  "rdfs:label": "Critical Memorandum Filing"
}

Description: Management placed Engineer A on three months' probation with the notation that if his job performance did not improve he would be terminated.

Temporal Marker: Subsequent to the critical memorandum instant

Fluent Transitions:
Initiates (2)
  • Probationary Employment Status
  • Threatened Termination

Mental State: deliberate disciplinary escalation

Intended Outcome: Compel improved job performance or provide grounds for termination

Foreseen Unintended Effects:

  • Threat to Engineer A's continued employment
Required Capabilities:
Personnel management authority
Within Competence: Yes
Field classification (triples vs literals)
Relations (structural triples)
  • requiresCapability: Personnel management authority
  • initiates: Probationary Employment Status; Threatened Termination
Literal extractions (kept for synthesis)
  • description content: Management placed Engineer A on three months' probation with the notation that if his job performance did not improve he would be terminated.
  • hasAgent content: Management
  • temporalMarker content: Subsequent to the critical memorandum
  • eventRoleContext content: Engineer A's superiors at the industrial company
  • hasMentalState content: deliberate disciplinary escalation
  • intendedOutcome content: Compel improved job performance or provide grounds for termination
  • foreseenUnintendedEffects content: Threat to Engineer A's continued employment
  • textReferences content: subsequently placed him on three months' probation, with the further notation that if his job performance did not improve, he would be terminated
  • temporalExtent content: instant
  • temporalSequence content: 7
  • withinCompetence assessment: True
RDF JSON-LD 
{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/157#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#",
    "time": "http://www.w3.org/2006/time#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/157#Action_Probation_Imposition",
  "@type": "proeth:Action",
  "generatedAtTime": "2026-07-12T15:40:26.913189+00:00",
  "proeth:description": "Management placed Engineer A on three months\u0027 probation with the notation that if his job performance did not improve he would be terminated.",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "facts",
  "proeth:eventRoleContext": "Engineer A\u0027s superiors at the industrial company",
  "proeth:foreseenUnintendedEffects": [
    "Threat to Engineer A\u0027s continued employment"
  ],
  "proeth:hasAgent": "Management",
  "proeth:hasMentalState": "deliberate disciplinary escalation",
  "proeth:initiates": [
    "Probationary Employment Status",
    "Threatened Termination"
  ],
  "proeth:intendedOutcome": "Compel improved job performance or provide grounds for termination",
  "proeth:requiresCapability": [
    "Personnel management authority"
  ],
  "proeth:temporalExtent": "instant",
  "proeth:temporalMarker": "Subsequent to the critical memorandum",
  "proeth:temporalSequence": 7,
  "proeth:textReferences": [
    "subsequently placed him on three months\u0027 probation, with the further notation that if his job performance did not improve, he would be terminated"
  ],
  "proeth:withinCompetence": true,
  "rdfs:label": "Probation Imposition"
}

Description: Despite the disciplinary consequences, Engineer A continued to insist that his employer had an obligation to ensure that subcontractors deliver equipment according to the specifications as he interprets them, and thereby save substantial defense expenditures.

Temporal Marker: After being placed on probation interval

Fluent Transitions:
Initiates (1)
  • Sustained Ethical Dispute Under Threat of Termination

Mental State: matter of personal conscience, strong conviction

Intended Outcome: Ensure subcontractor compliance with specifications and save substantial defense expenditures

Foreseen Unintended Effects:

  • Possible loss of employment
Guided By Principles:
  • Public Welfare Principle
  • Personal Conscience
Required Capabilities:
Engineering judgment Interpretation of specifications
Within Competence: Yes
Field classification (triples vs literals)
Relations (structural triples)
  • guidedByPrinciple: Public Welfare Principle; Personal Conscience
  • requiresCapability: Engineering judgment; Interpretation of specifications
  • initiates: Sustained Ethical Dispute Under Threat of Termination
Literal extractions (kept for synthesis)
  • description content: Despite the disciplinary consequences, Engineer A continued to insist that his employer had an obligation to ensure that subcontractors deliver equipment according to the specifications as he interprets them, and thereby save substantial defense expenditures.
  • hasAgent content: Engineer A
  • temporalMarker content: After being placed on probation
  • eventRoleContext content: Engineer reviewing subcontractor work
  • hasMentalState content: matter of personal conscience, strong conviction
  • intendedOutcome content: Ensure subcontractor compliance with specifications and save substantial defense expenditures
  • foreseenUnintendedEffects content: Possible loss of employment
  • textReferences content: Engineer A has continued to insist that his employer had an obligation to insure that subcontractors deliver equipment according to the specifications, as he interprets same, and thereby save substantial defense expenditures.
  • temporalExtent content: interval
  • temporalSequence content: 9
  • withinCompetence assessment: True
RDF JSON-LD 
{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/157#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#",
    "time": "http://www.w3.org/2006/time#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/157#Action_Continued_Insistence",
  "@type": "proeth:Action",
  "generatedAtTime": "2026-07-12T15:40:26.913240+00:00",
  "proeth:description": "Despite the disciplinary consequences, Engineer A continued to insist that his employer had an obligation to ensure that subcontractors deliver equipment according to the specifications as he interprets them, and thereby save substantial defense expenditures.",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "facts",
  "proeth:eventRoleContext": "Engineer reviewing subcontractor work",
  "proeth:foreseenUnintendedEffects": [
    "Possible loss of employment"
  ],
  "proeth:guidedByPrinciple": [
    "Public Welfare Principle",
    "Personal Conscience"
  ],
  "proeth:hasAgent": "Engineer A",
  "proeth:hasMentalState": "matter of personal conscience, strong conviction",
  "proeth:initiates": [
    "Sustained Ethical Dispute Under Threat of Termination"
  ],
  "proeth:intendedOutcome": "Ensure subcontractor compliance with specifications and save substantial defense expenditures",
  "proeth:requiresCapability": [
    "Engineering judgment",
    "Interpretation of specifications"
  ],
  "proeth:temporalExtent": "interval",
  "proeth:temporalMarker": "After being placed on probation",
  "proeth:temporalSequence": 9,
  "proeth:textReferences": [
    "Engineer A has continued to insist that his employer had an obligation to insure that subcontractors deliver equipment according to the specifications, as he interprets same, and thereby save substantial defense expenditures."
  ],
  "proeth:withinCompetence": true,
  "rdfs:label": "Continued Insistence"
}

Description: Engineer A requested an ethical review and determination of the propriety of his course of action and the degree of ethical responsibility of engineers in such circumstances.

Temporal Marker: Most recent event in the timeline, following the probation and continued disagreement instant

Fluent Transitions:
Initiates (1)
  • Pending Ethical Determination

Mental State: deliberate, seeking external ethical guidance

Intended Outcome: Obtain an authoritative determination of the propriety of his conduct and of engineers' ethical responsibility in such circumstances

Guided By Principles:
  • Personal Conscience
Required Capabilities:
Knowledge of professional ethics review processes
Within Competence: Yes
Field classification (triples vs literals)
Relations (structural triples)
  • guidedByPrinciple: Personal Conscience
  • requiresCapability: Knowledge of professional ethics review processes
  • initiates: Pending Ethical Determination
Literal extractions (kept for synthesis)
  • description content: Engineer A requested an ethical review and determination of the propriety of his course of action and the degree of ethical responsibility of engineers in such circumstances.
  • hasAgent content: Engineer A
  • temporalMarker content: Most recent event in the timeline, following the probation and continued disagreement
  • eventRoleContext content: Engineer reviewing subcontractor work
  • hasMentalState content: deliberate, seeking external ethical guidance
  • intendedOutcome content: Obtain an authoritative determination of the propriety of his conduct and of engineers' ethical responsibility in such circumstances
  • textReferences content: He has requested an ethical review and determination of the propriety of his course of action and the degree of ethical responsibility of engineers in such circumstances.
  • temporalExtent content: instant
  • temporalSequence content: 10
  • withinCompetence assessment: True
RDF JSON-LD 
{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/157#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#",
    "time": "http://www.w3.org/2006/time#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/157#Action_Ethical_Review_Request",
  "@type": "proeth:Action",
  "generatedAtTime": "2026-07-12T15:40:26.913270+00:00",
  "proeth:description": "Engineer A requested an ethical review and determination of the propriety of his course of action and the degree of ethical responsibility of engineers in such circumstances.",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "facts",
  "proeth:eventRoleContext": "Engineer reviewing subcontractor work",
  "proeth:guidedByPrinciple": [
    "Personal Conscience"
  ],
  "proeth:hasAgent": "Engineer A",
  "proeth:hasMentalState": "deliberate, seeking external ethical guidance",
  "proeth:initiates": [
    "Pending Ethical Determination"
  ],
  "proeth:intendedOutcome": "Obtain an authoritative determination of the propriety of his conduct and of engineers\u0027 ethical responsibility in such circumstances",
  "proeth:requiresCapability": [
    "Knowledge of professional ethics review processes"
  ],
  "proeth:temporalExtent": "instant",
  "proeth:temporalMarker": "Most recent event in the timeline, following the probation and continued disagreement",
  "proeth:temporalSequence": 10,
  "proeth:textReferences": [
    "He has requested an ethical review and determination of the propriety of his course of action and the degree of ethical responsibility of engineers in such circumstances."
  ],
  "proeth:withinCompetence": true,
  "rdfs:label": "Ethical Review Request"
}
Extracted Events (3)
Occurrences that trigger ethical considerations and state changes

Description: During his assigned review of subcontractor plans, Engineer A found problems with certain submissions of one of the subcontractors, including deficiencies he judged to involve excessive cost and time delays.

Temporal Marker: During Engineer A's review of subcontractor submissions, at the start of the case timeline instant

Fluent Transitions:
Initiates (2)
  • Subcontractor Deficiency Known
  • Excessive Cost and Delay Concern

Caused By Action: Action_Deficiency_Reporting

Field classification (triples vs literals)
Relations (structural triples)
  • causedByAction: http://proethica.org/ontology/case/157#Action_Deficiency_Reporting
  • initiates: Subcontractor Deficiency Known; Excessive Cost and Delay Concern
Literal extractions (kept for synthesis)
  • description content: During his assigned review of subcontractor plans, Engineer A found problems with certain submissions of one of the subcontractors, including deficiencies he judged to involve excessive cost and time delays.
  • temporalMarker content: During Engineer A's review of subcontractor submissions, at the start of the case timeline
  • textReferences content: In the course of this work Engineer A advised his superiors by memoranda of problems he found with certain submissions of one of the subcontractors; Engineer A's claim that the subcontractor's submission represented excessive cost and time delays
  • eventType content: outcome
  • temporalExtent content: instant
  • temporalSequence content: 1
  • confidence assessment: 0.9
RDF JSON-LD 
{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/157#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#",
    "time": "http://www.w3.org/2006/time#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/157#Event_Deficiency_Discovery",
  "@type": "proeth:Event",
  "generatedAtTime": "2026-07-12T15:40:26.913368+00:00",
  "proeth:causedByAction": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/157#Action_Deficiency_Reporting",
  "proeth:confidence": "0.9",
  "proeth:description": "During his assigned review of subcontractor plans, Engineer A found problems with certain submissions of one of the subcontractors, including deficiencies he judged to involve excessive cost and time delays.",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "facts",
  "proeth:eventType": "outcome",
  "proeth:initiates": [
    "Subcontractor Deficiency Known",
    "Excessive Cost and Delay Concern"
  ],
  "proeth:temporalExtent": "instant",
  "proeth:temporalMarker": "During Engineer A\u0027s review of subcontractor submissions, at the start of the case timeline",
  "proeth:temporalSequence": 1,
  "proeth:textReferences": [
    "In the course of this work Engineer A advised his superiors by memoranda of problems he found with certain submissions of one of the subcontractors",
    "Engineer A\u0027s claim that the subcontractor\u0027s submission represented excessive cost and time delays"
  ],
  "rdfs:label": "Deficiency Discovery"
}

Description: After the exchange of further memoranda, the disagreement between Engineer A and his management superiors on the issues he raised persisted rather than resolving, setting the conditions for management's escalating personnel measures.

Temporal Marker: After the exchange of further memoranda between Engineer A and management interval

Fluent Transitions:
Initiates (1)
  • Unresolved Internal Conflict

Caused By Action: Action_Recommendation_Rejection

Field classification (triples vs literals)
Relations (structural triples)
  • causedByAction: http://proethica.org/ontology/case/157#Action_Recommendation_Rejection
  • initiates: Unresolved Internal Conflict
Literal extractions (kept for synthesis)
  • description content: After the exchange of further memoranda, the disagreement between Engineer A and his management superiors on the issues he raised persisted rather than resolving, setting the conditions for management's escalating personnel measures.
  • temporalMarker content: After the exchange of further memoranda between Engineer A and management
  • textReferences content: After the exchange of further memoranda between Engineer A and his management superiors, and continued disagreement between Engineer A and management on the issues he raised
  • eventType content: outcome
  • temporalExtent content: interval
  • temporalSequence content: 5
  • confidence assessment: 0.88
RDF JSON-LD 
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  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/157#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#",
    "time": "http://www.w3.org/2006/time#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/157#Event_Disagreement_Persistence",
  "@type": "proeth:Event",
  "generatedAtTime": "2026-07-12T15:40:26.913403+00:00",
  "proeth:causedByAction": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/157#Action_Recommendation_Rejection",
  "proeth:confidence": "0.88",
  "proeth:description": "After the exchange of further memoranda, the disagreement between Engineer A and his management superiors on the issues he raised persisted rather than resolving, setting the conditions for management\u0027s escalating personnel measures.",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "facts",
  "proeth:eventType": "outcome",
  "proeth:initiates": [
    "Unresolved Internal Conflict"
  ],
  "proeth:temporalExtent": "interval",
  "proeth:temporalMarker": "After the exchange of further memoranda between Engineer A and management",
  "proeth:temporalSequence": 5,
  "proeth:textReferences": [
    "After the exchange of further memoranda between Engineer A and his management superiors, and continued disagreement between Engineer A and management on the issues he raised"
  ],
  "rdfs:label": "Disagreement Persistence"
}

Description: As a consequence of the probation imposed with a notation warning of termination, Engineer A's continued employment became at risk, a condition the Discussion connects to the price whistleblowing engineers may pay.

Temporal Marker: Upon placement on three months' probation interval

Fluent Transitions:
Initiates (2)
  • Employment At Risk
  • Probationary Status

Caused By Action: Action_Probation_Imposition

Field classification (triples vs literals)
Relations (structural triples)
  • causedByAction: http://proethica.org/ontology/case/157#Action_Probation_Imposition
  • initiates: Employment At Risk; Probationary Status
Literal extractions (kept for synthesis)
  • description content: As a consequence of the probation imposed with a notation warning of termination, Engineer A's continued employment became at risk, a condition the Discussion connects to the price whistleblowing engineers may pay.
  • temporalMarker content: Upon placement on three months' probation
  • textReferences content: subsequently placed him on three months' probation, with the further notation that if his job performance did not improve, he would be terminated; he may well have to pay the price of loss of employment
  • eventType content: outcome
  • temporalExtent content: interval
  • temporalSequence content: 8
  • confidence assessment: 0.85
RDF JSON-LD 
{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/157#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#",
    "time": "http://www.w3.org/2006/time#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/157#Event_Employment_Jeopardy_Onset",
  "@type": "proeth:Event",
  "generatedAtTime": "2026-07-12T15:40:26.913428+00:00",
  "proeth:causedByAction": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/157#Action_Probation_Imposition",
  "proeth:confidence": "0.85",
  "proeth:description": "As a consequence of the probation imposed with a notation warning of termination, Engineer A\u0027s continued employment became at risk, a condition the Discussion connects to the price whistleblowing engineers may pay.",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "facts",
  "proeth:eventType": "outcome",
  "proeth:initiates": [
    "Employment At Risk",
    "Probationary Status"
  ],
  "proeth:temporalExtent": "interval",
  "proeth:temporalMarker": "Upon placement on three months\u0027 probation",
  "proeth:temporalSequence": 8,
  "proeth:textReferences": [
    "subsequently placed him on three months\u0027 probation, with the further notation that if his job performance did not improve, he would be terminated",
    "he may well have to pay the price of loss of employment"
  ],
  "rdfs:label": "Employment Jeopardy Onset"
}
Causal Chains (8)
NESS test analysis: Necessary Element of Sufficient Set

Causal Language: In the course of this work Engineer A advised his superiors by memoranda of problems he found with certain submissions of one of the subcontractors, and urged management to reject such work and require the subcontractors to correct the deficiencies he outlined.

Necessary Factors (NESS):
  • Engineer A's assigned duty to review subcontractor plans
  • Existence of perceived deficiencies in the subcontractor's submissions
  • Engineer A's professional judgment that the deficiencies warranted rejection
Sufficient Factors:
  • Discovery of deficiencies during assigned review + Engineer A's sense of professional obligation to report
Counterfactual Test: Without discovering problems in the subcontractor's submissions, Engineer A would have had nothing to report and no memoranda would have been sent
Responsibility Attribution:

Agent: Engineer A
Type: direct
Within Agent Control: Yes

Causal Sequence:
  1. Deficiency Discovery
    During assigned review, Engineer A finds problems with the subcontractor's submissions
  2. Professional Judgment Formation
    Engineer A concludes the work represents excessive cost and time delays and should be redesigned
  3. Deficiency Reporting
    Engineer A advises superiors by memoranda and urges rejection of the subcontractor's work
Field classification (triples vs literals)
Relations (structural triples)
  • cause: Deficiency Discovery
  • effect: Deficiency Reporting
  • responsibleAgent: Engineer A
Literal extractions (kept for synthesis)
  • causalLanguage content: In the course of this work Engineer A advised his superiors by memoranda of problems he found with certain submissions of one of the subcontractors, and urged management to reject such work and require the subcontractors to correct the deficiencies he outlined.
  • necessaryFactors content: Engineer A's assigned duty to review subcontractor plans; Existence of perceived deficiencies in the subcontractor's submissions; Engineer A's professional judgment that the deficiencies warranted rejection
  • sufficientFactors content: Discovery of deficiencies during assigned review + Engineer A's sense of professional obligation to report
  • counterfactual content: Without discovering problems in the subcontractor's submissions, Engineer A would have had nothing to report and no memoranda would have been sent
  • agentKnowledge content: Knew his assigned duties included reviewing the adequacy and acceptability of subcontractor plans and believed the submissions were deficient
  • interveningFactors content: Quality of subcontractor's actual work product
  • causalSequence content: {'proeth:step': 1, 'proeth:element': 'Deficiency Discovery', 'proeth:description': "During assigned review, Engineer A finds problems with the subcontractor's submissions"}; {'proeth:step': 2, 'proeth:element': 'Professional Judgment Formation', 'proeth:description': 'Engineer A concludes the work represents excessive cost and time delays and should be redesigned'}; {'proeth:step': 3, 'proeth:element': 'Deficiency Reporting', 'proeth:description': "Engineer A advises superiors by memoranda and urges rejection of the subcontractor's work"}
  • responsibilityType assessment: direct
  • withinAgentControl assessment: True
RDF JSON-LD 
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  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/157#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/157#CausalChain_1",
  "@type": "proeth:CausalChain",
  "generatedAtTime": "2026-07-12T15:40:26.913489+00:00",
  "proeth:agentKnowledge": "Knew his assigned duties included reviewing the adequacy and acceptability of subcontractor plans and believed the submissions were deficient",
  "proeth:causalLanguage": "In the course of this work Engineer A advised his superiors by memoranda of problems he found with certain submissions of one of the subcontractors, and urged management to reject such work and require the subcontractors to correct the deficiencies he outlined.",
  "proeth:causalSequence": [
    {
      "proeth:description": "During assigned review, Engineer A finds problems with the subcontractor\u0027s submissions",
      "proeth:element": "Deficiency Discovery",
      "proeth:step": 1
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "Engineer A concludes the work represents excessive cost and time delays and should be redesigned",
      "proeth:element": "Professional Judgment Formation",
      "proeth:step": 2
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "Engineer A advises superiors by memoranda and urges rejection of the subcontractor\u0027s work",
      "proeth:element": "Deficiency Reporting",
      "proeth:step": 3
    }
  ],
  "proeth:cause": "Deficiency Discovery",
  "proeth:counterfactual": "Without discovering problems in the subcontractor\u0027s submissions, Engineer A would have had nothing to report and no memoranda would have been sent",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "facts",
  "proeth:effect": "Deficiency Reporting",
  "proeth:interveningFactors": [
    "Quality of subcontractor\u0027s actual work product"
  ],
  "proeth:necessaryFactors": [
    "Engineer A\u0027s assigned duty to review subcontractor plans",
    "Existence of perceived deficiencies in the subcontractor\u0027s submissions",
    "Engineer A\u0027s professional judgment that the deficiencies warranted rejection"
  ],
  "proeth:responsibilityType": "direct",
  "proeth:responsibleAgent": "Engineer A",
  "proeth:sufficientFactors": [
    "Discovery of deficiencies during assigned review + Engineer A\u0027s sense of professional obligation to report"
  ],
  "proeth:withinAgentControl": true
}

Causal Language: Management rejected the comments of Engineer A, particularly his proposal that the work of a particular subcontractor be redesigned because of Engineer A's claim that the subcontractor's submission represented excessive cost and time delays.

Necessary Factors (NESS):
  • Engineer A's memoranda placing the issue before management
  • Management's differing assessment of the subcontractor's work
  • Management's authority over business decisions regarding subcontractors
Sufficient Factors:
  • Receipt of Engineer A's recommendations + management's contrary business judgment
Counterfactual Test: Without Engineer A's memoranda and proposal, there would have been no recommendation for management to reject
Responsibility Attribution:

Agent: Management
Type: direct
Within Agent Control: Yes

Causal Sequence:
  1. Deficiency Reporting
    Engineer A urges management to reject the subcontractor's work and require corrections
  2. Management Evaluation
    Management assesses Engineer A's claims regarding cost and time delays
  3. Recommendation Rejection
    Management rejects Engineer A's comments and his redesign proposal
Field classification (triples vs literals)
Relations (structural triples)
  • cause: Deficiency Reporting
  • effect: Recommendation Rejection
  • responsibleAgent: Management
Literal extractions (kept for synthesis)
  • causalLanguage content: Management rejected the comments of Engineer A, particularly his proposal that the work of a particular subcontractor be redesigned because of Engineer A's claim that the subcontractor's submission represented excessive cost and time delays.
  • necessaryFactors content: Engineer A's memoranda placing the issue before management; Management's differing assessment of the subcontractor's work; Management's authority over business decisions regarding subcontractors
  • sufficientFactors content: Receipt of Engineer A's recommendations + management's contrary business judgment
  • counterfactual content: Without Engineer A's memoranda and proposal, there would have been no recommendation for management to reject
  • agentKnowledge content: Knew of Engineer A's specific claims of excessive cost and time delays but disagreed with his conclusions
  • interveningFactors content: Defense project schedule and cost pressures; Business considerations regarding the subcontractor relationship
  • causalSequence content: {'proeth:step': 1, 'proeth:element': 'Deficiency Reporting', 'proeth:description': "Engineer A urges management to reject the subcontractor's work and require corrections"}; {'proeth:step': 2, 'proeth:element': 'Management Evaluation', 'proeth:description': "Management assesses Engineer A's claims regarding cost and time delays"}; {'proeth:step': 3, 'proeth:element': 'Recommendation Rejection', 'proeth:description': "Management rejects Engineer A's comments and his redesign proposal"}
  • responsibilityType assessment: direct
  • withinAgentControl assessment: True
RDF JSON-LD 
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  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/157#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/157#CausalChain_2",
  "@type": "proeth:CausalChain",
  "generatedAtTime": "2026-07-12T15:40:26.913521+00:00",
  "proeth:agentKnowledge": "Knew of Engineer A\u0027s specific claims of excessive cost and time delays but disagreed with his conclusions",
  "proeth:causalLanguage": "Management rejected the comments of Engineer A, particularly his proposal that the work of a particular subcontractor be redesigned because of Engineer A\u0027s claim that the subcontractor\u0027s submission represented excessive cost and time delays.",
  "proeth:causalSequence": [
    {
      "proeth:description": "Engineer A urges management to reject the subcontractor\u0027s work and require corrections",
      "proeth:element": "Deficiency Reporting",
      "proeth:step": 1
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "Management assesses Engineer A\u0027s claims regarding cost and time delays",
      "proeth:element": "Management Evaluation",
      "proeth:step": 2
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "Management rejects Engineer A\u0027s comments and his redesign proposal",
      "proeth:element": "Recommendation Rejection",
      "proeth:step": 3
    }
  ],
  "proeth:cause": "Deficiency Reporting",
  "proeth:counterfactual": "Without Engineer A\u0027s memoranda and proposal, there would have been no recommendation for management to reject",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "facts",
  "proeth:effect": "Recommendation Rejection",
  "proeth:interveningFactors": [
    "Defense project schedule and cost pressures",
    "Business considerations regarding the subcontractor relationship"
  ],
  "proeth:necessaryFactors": [
    "Engineer A\u0027s memoranda placing the issue before management",
    "Management\u0027s differing assessment of the subcontractor\u0027s work",
    "Management\u0027s authority over business decisions regarding subcontractors"
  ],
  "proeth:responsibilityType": "direct",
  "proeth:responsibleAgent": "Management",
  "proeth:sufficientFactors": [
    "Receipt of Engineer A\u0027s recommendations + management\u0027s contrary business judgment"
  ],
  "proeth:withinAgentControl": true
}

Causal Language: After the exchange of further memoranda between Engineer A and his management superiors, and continued disagreement between Engineer A and management on the issues he raised

Necessary Factors (NESS):
  • Management's rejection of Engineer A's recommendations
  • Engineer A's continued conviction that the subcontractor's work was deficient
  • Engineer A's belief in an ethical obligation to protect defense expenditures
Sufficient Factors:
  • Rejection of recommendations + Engineer A's strong sense of professional duty
Counterfactual Test: Had management accepted Engineer A's recommendations, there would have been no dispute to continue pressing
Responsibility Attribution:

Agent: Engineer A
Type: direct
Within Agent Control: Yes

Causal Sequence:
  1. Recommendation Rejection
    Management rejects Engineer A's comments and redesign proposal
  2. Engineer A's Persistence Decision
    Engineer A decides the issue is too important to drop
  3. Continued Internal Advocacy
    Engineer A exchanges further memoranda pressing his objections with management
Field classification (triples vs literals)
Relations (structural triples)
  • cause: Recommendation Rejection
  • effect: Continued Internal Advocacy
  • responsibleAgent: Engineer A
Literal extractions (kept for synthesis)
  • causalLanguage content: After the exchange of further memoranda between Engineer A and his management superiors, and continued disagreement between Engineer A and management on the issues he raised
  • necessaryFactors content: Management's rejection of Engineer A's recommendations; Engineer A's continued conviction that the subcontractor's work was deficient; Engineer A's belief in an ethical obligation to protect defense expenditures
  • sufficientFactors content: Rejection of recommendations + Engineer A's strong sense of professional duty
  • counterfactual content: Had management accepted Engineer A's recommendations, there would have been no dispute to continue pressing
  • agentKnowledge content: Knew management had rejected his comments but believed the employer had an obligation to insure subcontractors meet specifications
  • interveningFactors content: Management's firm position against redesign
  • causalSequence content: {'proeth:step': 1, 'proeth:element': 'Recommendation Rejection', 'proeth:description': "Management rejects Engineer A's comments and redesign proposal"}; {'proeth:step': 2, 'proeth:element': "Engineer A's Persistence Decision", 'proeth:description': 'Engineer A decides the issue is too important to drop'}; {'proeth:step': 3, 'proeth:element': 'Continued Internal Advocacy', 'proeth:description': 'Engineer A exchanges further memoranda pressing his objections with management'}
  • responsibilityType assessment: direct
  • withinAgentControl assessment: True
RDF JSON-LD 
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  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/157#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/157#CausalChain_3",
  "@type": "proeth:CausalChain",
  "generatedAtTime": "2026-07-12T15:40:26.913546+00:00",
  "proeth:agentKnowledge": "Knew management had rejected his comments but believed the employer had an obligation to insure subcontractors meet specifications",
  "proeth:causalLanguage": "After the exchange of further memoranda between Engineer A and his management superiors, and continued disagreement between Engineer A and management on the issues he raised",
  "proeth:causalSequence": [
    {
      "proeth:description": "Management rejects Engineer A\u0027s comments and redesign proposal",
      "proeth:element": "Recommendation Rejection",
      "proeth:step": 1
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "Engineer A decides the issue is too important to drop",
      "proeth:element": "Engineer A\u0027s Persistence Decision",
      "proeth:step": 2
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "Engineer A exchanges further memoranda pressing his objections with management",
      "proeth:element": "Continued Internal Advocacy",
      "proeth:step": 3
    }
  ],
  "proeth:cause": "Recommendation Rejection",
  "proeth:counterfactual": "Had management accepted Engineer A\u0027s recommendations, there would have been no dispute to continue pressing",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "facts",
  "proeth:effect": "Continued Internal Advocacy",
  "proeth:interveningFactors": [
    "Management\u0027s firm position against redesign"
  ],
  "proeth:necessaryFactors": [
    "Management\u0027s rejection of Engineer A\u0027s recommendations",
    "Engineer A\u0027s continued conviction that the subcontractor\u0027s work was deficient",
    "Engineer A\u0027s belief in an ethical obligation to protect defense expenditures"
  ],
  "proeth:responsibilityType": "direct",
  "proeth:responsibleAgent": "Engineer A",
  "proeth:sufficientFactors": [
    "Rejection of recommendations + Engineer A\u0027s strong sense of professional duty"
  ],
  "proeth:withinAgentControl": true
}

Causal Language: After the exchange of further memoranda between Engineer A and his management superiors, and continued disagreement between Engineer A and management on the issues he raised

Necessary Factors (NESS):
  • Engineer A's continued pressing of objections via memoranda
  • Management's refusal to change position
  • Absence of any resolution mechanism acceptable to both sides
Sufficient Factors:
  • Repeated memoranda exchanges + mutually incompatible positions on the subcontractor issue
Counterfactual Test: Had Engineer A ceased advocacy after the initial rejection, the disagreement would not have persisted as an active dispute
Responsibility Attribution:

Agent: Engineer A and Management (shared)
Type: shared
Within Agent Control: Yes

Causal Sequence:
  1. Continued Internal Advocacy
    Engineer A presses objections through further memoranda
  2. Management Reaffirmation
    Management maintains its rejection of Engineer A's position
  3. Disagreement Persistence
    The disagreement between Engineer A and management continues unresolved
Field classification (triples vs literals)
Relations (structural triples)
  • cause: Continued Internal Advocacy
  • effect: Disagreement Persistence
  • responsibleAgent: Engineer A and Management (shared)
Literal extractions (kept for synthesis)
  • causalLanguage content: After the exchange of further memoranda between Engineer A and his management superiors, and continued disagreement between Engineer A and management on the issues he raised
  • necessaryFactors content: Engineer A's continued pressing of objections via memoranda; Management's refusal to change position; Absence of any resolution mechanism acceptable to both sides
  • sufficientFactors content: Repeated memoranda exchanges + mutually incompatible positions on the subcontractor issue
  • counterfactual content: Had Engineer A ceased advocacy after the initial rejection, the disagreement would not have persisted as an active dispute
  • agentKnowledge content: Both parties knew of the other's position and that continued exchanges were not producing agreement
  • interveningFactors content: Organizational hierarchy limiting Engineer A's decision authority
  • causalSequence content: {'proeth:step': 1, 'proeth:element': 'Continued Internal Advocacy', 'proeth:description': 'Engineer A presses objections through further memoranda'}; {'proeth:step': 2, 'proeth:element': 'Management Reaffirmation', 'proeth:description': "Management maintains its rejection of Engineer A's position"}; {'proeth:step': 3, 'proeth:element': 'Disagreement Persistence', 'proeth:description': 'The disagreement between Engineer A and management continues unresolved'}
  • responsibilityType assessment: shared
  • withinAgentControl assessment: True
RDF JSON-LD 
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  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/157#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/157#CausalChain_4",
  "@type": "proeth:CausalChain",
  "generatedAtTime": "2026-07-12T15:40:26.913566+00:00",
  "proeth:agentKnowledge": "Both parties knew of the other\u0027s position and that continued exchanges were not producing agreement",
  "proeth:causalLanguage": "After the exchange of further memoranda between Engineer A and his management superiors, and continued disagreement between Engineer A and management on the issues he raised",
  "proeth:causalSequence": [
    {
      "proeth:description": "Engineer A presses objections through further memoranda",
      "proeth:element": "Continued Internal Advocacy",
      "proeth:step": 1
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "Management maintains its rejection of Engineer A\u0027s position",
      "proeth:element": "Management Reaffirmation",
      "proeth:step": 2
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "The disagreement between Engineer A and management continues unresolved",
      "proeth:element": "Disagreement Persistence",
      "proeth:step": 3
    }
  ],
  "proeth:cause": "Continued Internal Advocacy",
  "proeth:counterfactual": "Had Engineer A ceased advocacy after the initial rejection, the disagreement would not have persisted as an active dispute",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "facts",
  "proeth:effect": "Disagreement Persistence",
  "proeth:interveningFactors": [
    "Organizational hierarchy limiting Engineer A\u0027s decision authority"
  ],
  "proeth:necessaryFactors": [
    "Engineer A\u0027s continued pressing of objections via memoranda",
    "Management\u0027s refusal to change position",
    "Absence of any resolution mechanism acceptable to both sides"
  ],
  "proeth:responsibilityType": "shared",
  "proeth:responsibleAgent": "Engineer A and Management (shared)",
  "proeth:sufficientFactors": [
    "Repeated memoranda exchanges + mutually incompatible positions on the subcontractor issue"
  ],
  "proeth:withinAgentControl": true
}

Causal Language: management placed a critical memorandum in his personnel file, and subsequently placed him on three months' probation, with the further notation that if his job performance did not improve, he would be terminated.

Necessary Factors (NESS):
  • Prior documentation of criticism in the personnel file
  • Management's escalating view of Engineer A's conduct as unsatisfactory
  • Management's disciplinary authority
Sufficient Factors:
  • Documented critical memorandum + continued unresolved conflict + management's escalation decision
Counterfactual Test: The probation followed as an escalation of the documented criticism; without the disciplinary track initiated by the memorandum, probation would have been unlikely
Responsibility Attribution:

Agent: Management
Type: direct
Within Agent Control: Yes

Causal Sequence:
  1. Critical Memorandum Filing
    Critical memorandum placed in Engineer A's personnel file
  2. Continued Conflict
    Engineer A does not abandon his position after the memorandum
  3. Probation Imposition
    Management places Engineer A on three months' probation with a termination warning
Field classification (triples vs literals)
Relations (structural triples)
  • cause: Critical Memorandum Filing
  • effect: Probation Imposition
  • responsibleAgent: Management
Literal extractions (kept for synthesis)
  • causalLanguage content: management placed a critical memorandum in his personnel file, and subsequently placed him on three months' probation, with the further notation that if his job performance did not improve, he would be terminated.
  • necessaryFactors content: Prior documentation of criticism in the personnel file; Management's escalating view of Engineer A's conduct as unsatisfactory; Management's disciplinary authority
  • sufficientFactors content: Documented critical memorandum + continued unresolved conflict + management's escalation decision
  • counterfactual content: The probation followed as an escalation of the documented criticism; without the disciplinary track initiated by the memorandum, probation would have been unlikely
  • agentKnowledge content: Knew the dispute concerned Engineer A's professional judgment about subcontractor work, not conventional job-performance failures
  • interveningFactors content: Company disciplinary escalation procedures
  • causalSequence content: {'proeth:step': 1, 'proeth:element': 'Critical Memorandum Filing', 'proeth:description': "Critical memorandum placed in Engineer A's personnel file"}; {'proeth:step': 2, 'proeth:element': 'Continued Conflict', 'proeth:description': 'Engineer A does not abandon his position after the memorandum'}; {'proeth:step': 3, 'proeth:element': 'Probation Imposition', 'proeth:description': "Management places Engineer A on three months' probation with a termination warning"}
  • responsibilityType assessment: direct
  • withinAgentControl assessment: True
RDF JSON-LD 
{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/157#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/157#CausalChain_6",
  "@type": "proeth:CausalChain",
  "generatedAtTime": "2026-07-12T15:40:26.913603+00:00",
  "proeth:agentKnowledge": "Knew the dispute concerned Engineer A\u0027s professional judgment about subcontractor work, not conventional job-performance failures",
  "proeth:causalLanguage": "management placed a critical memorandum in his personnel file, and subsequently placed him on three months\u0027 probation, with the further notation that if his job performance did not improve, he would be terminated.",
  "proeth:causalSequence": [
    {
      "proeth:description": "Critical memorandum placed in Engineer A\u0027s personnel file",
      "proeth:element": "Critical Memorandum Filing",
      "proeth:step": 1
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "Engineer A does not abandon his position after the memorandum",
      "proeth:element": "Continued Conflict",
      "proeth:step": 2
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "Management places Engineer A on three months\u0027 probation with a termination warning",
      "proeth:element": "Probation Imposition",
      "proeth:step": 3
    }
  ],
  "proeth:cause": "Critical Memorandum Filing",
  "proeth:counterfactual": "The probation followed as an escalation of the documented criticism; without the disciplinary track initiated by the memorandum, probation would have been unlikely",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "facts",
  "proeth:effect": "Probation Imposition",
  "proeth:interveningFactors": [
    "Company disciplinary escalation procedures"
  ],
  "proeth:necessaryFactors": [
    "Prior documentation of criticism in the personnel file",
    "Management\u0027s escalating view of Engineer A\u0027s conduct as unsatisfactory",
    "Management\u0027s disciplinary authority"
  ],
  "proeth:responsibilityType": "direct",
  "proeth:responsibleAgent": "Management",
  "proeth:sufficientFactors": [
    "Documented critical memorandum + continued unresolved conflict + management\u0027s escalation decision"
  ],
  "proeth:withinAgentControl": true
}

Causal Language: subsequently placed him on three months' probation, with the further notation that if his job performance did not improve, he would be terminated.

Necessary Factors (NESS):
  • Formal probation status
  • Explicit notation warning of termination
  • Engineer A's continued insistence on his position while on probation
Sufficient Factors:
  • Probation with termination warning + Engineer A's ongoing advocacy placing his conduct under scrutiny
Counterfactual Test: Without the probation and its termination notation, Engineer A's continued employment would not have been formally at risk
Responsibility Attribution:

Agent: Management
Type: direct
Within Agent Control: Yes

Causal Sequence:
  1. Probation Imposition
    Three months' probation imposed with termination notation
  2. Continued Insistence
    Engineer A continues to insist his employer must insure subcontractors meet specifications
  3. Employment Jeopardy Onset
    Engineer A's continued employment becomes conditionally at risk
Field classification (triples vs literals)
Relations (structural triples)
  • cause: Probation Imposition
  • effect: Employment Jeopardy Onset
  • responsibleAgent: Management
Literal extractions (kept for synthesis)
  • causalLanguage content: subsequently placed him on three months' probation, with the further notation that if his job performance did not improve, he would be terminated.
  • necessaryFactors content: Formal probation status; Explicit notation warning of termination; Engineer A's continued insistence on his position while on probation
  • sufficientFactors content: Probation with termination warning + Engineer A's ongoing advocacy placing his conduct under scrutiny
  • counterfactual content: Without the probation and its termination notation, Engineer A's continued employment would not have been formally at risk
  • agentKnowledge content: Knew the probation conditioned continued employment on 'improved performance,' effectively requiring Engineer A to abandon his advocacy
  • interveningFactors content: Engineer A's choice whether to continue insisting on his interpretation
  • causalSequence content: {'proeth:step': 1, 'proeth:element': 'Probation Imposition', 'proeth:description': "Three months' probation imposed with termination notation"}; {'proeth:step': 2, 'proeth:element': 'Continued Insistence', 'proeth:description': 'Engineer A continues to insist his employer must insure subcontractors meet specifications'}; {'proeth:step': 3, 'proeth:element': 'Employment Jeopardy Onset', 'proeth:description': "Engineer A's continued employment becomes conditionally at risk"}
  • responsibilityType assessment: direct
  • withinAgentControl assessment: True
RDF JSON-LD 
{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/157#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/157#CausalChain_7",
  "@type": "proeth:CausalChain",
  "generatedAtTime": "2026-07-12T15:40:26.913620+00:00",
  "proeth:agentKnowledge": "Knew the probation conditioned continued employment on \u0027improved performance,\u0027 effectively requiring Engineer A to abandon his advocacy",
  "proeth:causalLanguage": "subsequently placed him on three months\u0027 probation, with the further notation that if his job performance did not improve, he would be terminated.",
  "proeth:causalSequence": [
    {
      "proeth:description": "Three months\u0027 probation imposed with termination notation",
      "proeth:element": "Probation Imposition",
      "proeth:step": 1
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "Engineer A continues to insist his employer must insure subcontractors meet specifications",
      "proeth:element": "Continued Insistence",
      "proeth:step": 2
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "Engineer A\u0027s continued employment becomes conditionally at risk",
      "proeth:element": "Employment Jeopardy Onset",
      "proeth:step": 3
    }
  ],
  "proeth:cause": "Probation Imposition",
  "proeth:counterfactual": "Without the probation and its termination notation, Engineer A\u0027s continued employment would not have been formally at risk",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "facts",
  "proeth:effect": "Employment Jeopardy Onset",
  "proeth:interveningFactors": [
    "Engineer A\u0027s choice whether to continue insisting on his interpretation"
  ],
  "proeth:necessaryFactors": [
    "Formal probation status",
    "Explicit notation warning of termination",
    "Engineer A\u0027s continued insistence on his position while on probation"
  ],
  "proeth:responsibilityType": "direct",
  "proeth:responsibleAgent": "Management",
  "proeth:sufficientFactors": [
    "Probation with termination warning + Engineer A\u0027s ongoing advocacy placing his conduct under scrutiny"
  ],
  "proeth:withinAgentControl": true
}

Causal Language: He has requested an ethical review and determination of the propriety of his course of action and the degree of ethical responsibility of engineers in such circumstances.

Necessary Factors (NESS):
  • Engineer A facing disciplinary consequences and threatened termination
  • Engineer A's uncertainty about the ethical propriety of his course of action
  • Availability of an ethical review body
Sufficient Factors:
  • Employment jeopardy + Engineer A's continued conviction + desire for external validation of his ethical position
Counterfactual Test: Absent disciplinary jeopardy, Engineer A would have had substantially less occasion to seek an external ethical determination of his conduct
Responsibility Attribution:

Agent: Engineer A
Type: direct
Within Agent Control: Yes

Causal Sequence:
  1. Employment Jeopardy Onset
    Engineer A's continued employment becomes at risk due to probation and termination warning
  2. Continued Insistence
    Engineer A continues to insist on the employer's obligation regarding subcontractor specifications
  3. Ethical Review Request
    Engineer A requests an ethical review of the propriety of his course of action
Field classification (triples vs literals)
Relations (structural triples)
  • cause: Employment Jeopardy Onset
  • effect: Ethical Review Request
  • responsibleAgent: Engineer A
Literal extractions (kept for synthesis)
  • causalLanguage content: He has requested an ethical review and determination of the propriety of his course of action and the degree of ethical responsibility of engineers in such circumstances.
  • necessaryFactors content: Engineer A facing disciplinary consequences and threatened termination; Engineer A's uncertainty about the ethical propriety of his course of action; Availability of an ethical review body
  • sufficientFactors content: Employment jeopardy + Engineer A's continued conviction + desire for external validation of his ethical position
  • counterfactual content: Absent disciplinary jeopardy, Engineer A would have had substantially less occasion to seek an external ethical determination of his conduct
  • agentKnowledge content: Knew he faced termination if his 'performance' did not improve and sought guidance on whether his advocacy was ethically required or justified
  • interveningFactors content: Existence of prior whistleblowing precedents in the defense field; Availability of the ethics review process
  • causalSequence content: {'proeth:step': 1, 'proeth:element': 'Employment Jeopardy Onset', 'proeth:description': "Engineer A's continued employment becomes at risk due to probation and termination warning"}; {'proeth:step': 2, 'proeth:element': 'Continued Insistence', 'proeth:description': "Engineer A continues to insist on the employer's obligation regarding subcontractor specifications"}; {'proeth:step': 3, 'proeth:element': 'Ethical Review Request', 'proeth:description': 'Engineer A requests an ethical review of the propriety of his course of action'}
  • responsibilityType assessment: direct
  • withinAgentControl assessment: True
RDF JSON-LD 
{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/157#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/157#CausalChain_8",
  "@type": "proeth:CausalChain",
  "generatedAtTime": "2026-07-12T15:40:26.913638+00:00",
  "proeth:agentKnowledge": "Knew he faced termination if his \u0027performance\u0027 did not improve and sought guidance on whether his advocacy was ethically required or justified",
  "proeth:causalLanguage": "He has requested an ethical review and determination of the propriety of his course of action and the degree of ethical responsibility of engineers in such circumstances.",
  "proeth:causalSequence": [
    {
      "proeth:description": "Engineer A\u0027s continued employment becomes at risk due to probation and termination warning",
      "proeth:element": "Employment Jeopardy Onset",
      "proeth:step": 1
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "Engineer A continues to insist on the employer\u0027s obligation regarding subcontractor specifications",
      "proeth:element": "Continued Insistence",
      "proeth:step": 2
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "Engineer A requests an ethical review of the propriety of his course of action",
      "proeth:element": "Ethical Review Request",
      "proeth:step": 3
    }
  ],
  "proeth:cause": "Employment Jeopardy Onset",
  "proeth:counterfactual": "Absent disciplinary jeopardy, Engineer A would have had substantially less occasion to seek an external ethical determination of his conduct",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "facts",
  "proeth:effect": "Ethical Review Request",
  "proeth:interveningFactors": [
    "Existence of prior whistleblowing precedents in the defense field",
    "Availability of the ethics review process"
  ],
  "proeth:necessaryFactors": [
    "Engineer A facing disciplinary consequences and threatened termination",
    "Engineer A\u0027s uncertainty about the ethical propriety of his course of action",
    "Availability of an ethical review body"
  ],
  "proeth:responsibilityType": "direct",
  "proeth:responsibleAgent": "Engineer A",
  "proeth:sufficientFactors": [
    "Employment jeopardy + Engineer A\u0027s continued conviction + desire for external validation of his ethical position"
  ],
  "proeth:withinAgentControl": true
}

Causal Language: After the exchange of further memoranda between Engineer A and his management superiors, and continued disagreement between Engineer A and management on the issues he raised, management placed a critical memorandum in his personnel file

Necessary Factors (NESS):
  • Persistent unresolved disagreement
  • Management's perception of Engineer A's conduct as a performance problem
  • Management's control over personnel records and discipline
Sufficient Factors:
  • Continued disagreement + management's decision to treat persistence as a disciplinary matter
Counterfactual Test: Without the persistent disagreement, management would have had no occasion to place a critical memorandum in Engineer A's file
Responsibility Attribution:

Agent: Management
Type: direct
Within Agent Control: Yes

Causal Sequence:
  1. Disagreement Persistence
    Continued disagreement between Engineer A and management after further memoranda
  2. Management Disciplinary Decision
    Management decides to respond to persistence through personnel action
  3. Critical Memorandum Filing
    Management places a critical memorandum in Engineer A's personnel file
Field classification (triples vs literals)
Relations (structural triples)
  • cause: Disagreement Persistence
  • effect: Critical Memorandum Filing
  • responsibleAgent: Management
Literal extractions (kept for synthesis)
  • causalLanguage content: After the exchange of further memoranda between Engineer A and his management superiors, and continued disagreement between Engineer A and management on the issues he raised, management placed a critical memorandum in his personnel file
  • necessaryFactors content: Persistent unresolved disagreement; Management's perception of Engineer A's conduct as a performance problem; Management's control over personnel records and discipline
  • sufficientFactors content: Continued disagreement + management's decision to treat persistence as a disciplinary matter
  • counterfactual content: Without the persistent disagreement, management would have had no occasion to place a critical memorandum in Engineer A's file
  • agentKnowledge content: Knew Engineer A was raising cost and specification concerns in what he viewed as good-faith professional advocacy
  • interveningFactors content: Company personnel policies; Defense project pressures
  • causalSequence content: {'proeth:step': 1, 'proeth:element': 'Disagreement Persistence', 'proeth:description': 'Continued disagreement between Engineer A and management after further memoranda'}; {'proeth:step': 2, 'proeth:element': 'Management Disciplinary Decision', 'proeth:description': 'Management decides to respond to persistence through personnel action'}; {'proeth:step': 3, 'proeth:element': 'Critical Memorandum Filing', 'proeth:description': "Management places a critical memorandum in Engineer A's personnel file"}
  • responsibilityType assessment: direct
  • withinAgentControl assessment: True
RDF JSON-LD 
{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/157#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/157#CausalChain_5",
  "@type": "proeth:CausalChain",
  "generatedAtTime": "2026-07-12T15:40:26.913585+00:00",
  "proeth:agentKnowledge": "Knew Engineer A was raising cost and specification concerns in what he viewed as good-faith professional advocacy",
  "proeth:causalLanguage": "After the exchange of further memoranda between Engineer A and his management superiors, and continued disagreement between Engineer A and management on the issues he raised, management placed a critical memorandum in his personnel file",
  "proeth:causalSequence": [
    {
      "proeth:description": "Continued disagreement between Engineer A and management after further memoranda",
      "proeth:element": "Disagreement Persistence",
      "proeth:step": 1
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "Management decides to respond to persistence through personnel action",
      "proeth:element": "Management Disciplinary Decision",
      "proeth:step": 2
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "Management places a critical memorandum in Engineer A\u0027s personnel file",
      "proeth:element": "Critical Memorandum Filing",
      "proeth:step": 3
    }
  ],
  "proeth:cause": "Disagreement Persistence",
  "proeth:counterfactual": "Without the persistent disagreement, management would have had no occasion to place a critical memorandum in Engineer A\u0027s file",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "facts",
  "proeth:effect": "Critical Memorandum Filing",
  "proeth:interveningFactors": [
    "Company personnel policies",
    "Defense project pressures"
  ],
  "proeth:necessaryFactors": [
    "Persistent unresolved disagreement",
    "Management\u0027s perception of Engineer A\u0027s conduct as a performance problem",
    "Management\u0027s control over personnel records and discipline"
  ],
  "proeth:responsibilityType": "direct",
  "proeth:responsibleAgent": "Management",
  "proeth:sufficientFactors": [
    "Continued disagreement + management\u0027s decision to treat persistence as a disciplinary matter"
  ],
  "proeth:withinAgentControl": true
}
Allen Temporal Relations (11)
Interval algebra relationships with OWL-Time standard properties
From Entity Allen Relation To Entity OWL-Time Property Evidence
Engineer A's review of subcontractor submissions before
Entity1 is before Entity2 		memoranda to superiors identifying deficiencies time:intervalBefore
http://www.w3.org/2006/time#intervalBefore 		In the course of this work Engineer A advised his superiors by memoranda of problems he found with c... [more]
Engineer A's memoranda urging rejection/redesign before
Entity1 is before Entity2 		management's rejection of his comments time:intervalBefore
http://www.w3.org/2006/time#intervalBefore 		urged management to reject such work... Management rejected the comments of Engineer A
management's rejection of comments before
Entity1 is before Entity2 		exchange of further memoranda and continued disagreement time:intervalBefore
http://www.w3.org/2006/time#intervalBefore 		Management rejected the comments of Engineer A... After the exchange of further memoranda between En... [more]
exchange of further memoranda and continued disagreement before
Entity1 is before Entity2 		placement of critical memorandum in personnel file time:intervalBefore
http://www.w3.org/2006/time#intervalBefore 		After the exchange of further memoranda... management placed a critical memorandum in his personnel ... [more]
placement of critical memorandum in personnel file before
Entity1 is before Entity2 		three months' probation with warning of termination time:intervalBefore
http://www.w3.org/2006/time#intervalBefore 		management placed a critical memorandum in his personnel file, and subsequently placed him on three ... [more]
Engineer A's continued insistence on employer obligation overlaps
Entity1 starts before Entity2 and ends during Entity2 		probation period time:intervalOverlaps
http://www.w3.org/2006/time#intervalOverlaps 		subsequently placed him on three months' probation... Engineer A has continued to insist that his em... [more]
Engineer A's continued insistence before
Entity1 is before Entity2 		request for ethical review and determination time:intervalBefore
http://www.w3.org/2006/time#intervalBefore 		He has continued to insist... He has requested an ethical review and determination of the propriety ... [more]
Engineer A's memoranda and disagreement with management during
Entity1 occurs entirely within the duration of Entity2 		Engineer A's employment at the industrial defense company time:intervalDuring
http://www.w3.org/2006/time#intervalDuring 		Engineer A is employed by a large industrial company... In the course of this work Engineer A advise... [more]
precedent Board decisions (earlier cases on refusal to participate and on business decisions) before
Entity1 is before Entity2 		present ethical review of Engineer A's conduct time:intervalBefore
http://www.w3.org/2006/time#intervalBefore 		In Case 65-12 we dealt with a situation... As we recognized in earlier cases... That is not quite th... [more]
national whistleblowing cases in the defense field before
Entity1 is before Entity2 		present ethical review of Engineer A's conduct time:intervalBefore
http://www.w3.org/2006/time#intervalBefore 		The situation presented here has become well known in recent years as 'whistleblowing', and we note ... [more]
engineers' whistleblowing experiences (loss of employment) before
Entity1 is before Entity2 		engineers ultimately prevailing on legal or political grounds time:intervalBefore
http://www.w3.org/2006/time#intervalBefore 		engineers have gone through such experiences and even if they have ultimately prevailed on legal or ... [more]
About Allen Relations & OWL-Time

Allen's Interval Algebra provides 13 basic temporal relations between intervals. These relations are mapped to OWL-Time standard properties for interoperability with Semantic Web temporal reasoning systems and SPARQL queries.

Each relation includes both a ProEthica custom property and a time:* OWL-Time property for maximum compatibility.

Back to Extraction Continue to Step 4

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