{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
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    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
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  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/16#Action_Structural_Consultant_Retention",
  "@type": "proeth:Action",
  "proeth:description": "Engineer A, expanding his business and building a new office, retained his friend Engineer B as structural engineer consultant to perform the structural design of the new building.",
  "proeth:eventRoleContext": "Owner, civil engineering and surveying consulting firm",
  "proeth:hasAgent": "Engineer A",
  "proeth:hasMentalState": "deliberate",
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    "Engineer B Retained for Structural Design"
  ],
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    "Business judgment",
    "Consultant selection"
  ],
  "proeth:temporalExtent": "instant",
  "proeth:temporalMarker": "Beginning of timeline, during business expansion before design",
  "proeth:temporalSequence": 1,
  "proeth:textReferences": [
    "he retained an architect, and he retained Engineer B, his friend and a structural engineer consultant, to perform the structural design"
  ],
  "proeth:withinCompetence": true,
  "rdfs:label": "Structural Consultant Retention"
}

{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
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  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/16#Action_Continued_Practice_While_Impaired",
  "@type": "proeth:Action",
  "proeth:description": "After suffering a stroke, Engineer B decided not to suspend work or close his office for financial and other reasons, continuing to operate his firm as its only licensed professional engineer while impaired.",
  "proeth:eventRoleContext": "Structural Engineer, sole licensed PE of his firm",
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    "Engineering work performed without adequate professional direction"
  ],
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  "proeth:hasAgent": "Engineer B",
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    "Impaired Practice Continuing"
  ],
  "proeth:intendedOutcome": "Keep the firm financially viable and continue delivering engineering services",
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    "Structural engineering competence",
    "Responsible charge of engineering work"
  ],
  "proeth:temporalExtent": "interval",
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  "proeth:temporalSequence": 3,
  "proeth:textReferences": [
    "Being the only licensed professional engineer in his firm, for financial and other reasons, Engineer B felt he could not afford to suspend work or close his office."
  ],
  "proeth:violatesObligation": [
    "Conform with State Licensure Law"
  ],
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}

{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
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  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/16#Action_Complicit_Cooperation",
  "@type": "proeth:Action",
  "proeth:description": "Engineer Intern C, fully aware of Engineer B\u0027s impaired condition, performed the structural design and developed the construction drawings under the arrangement in which Engineer B sealed them without review.",
  "proeth:eventRoleContext": "Graduate engineer intern, employee of Engineer B",
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    "Design work issued without competent professional review"
  ],
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  "proeth:hasMentalState": "knowing",
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    "Intern Complicity in Unlawful Practice"
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  "proeth:intendedOutcome": "Continue delivering engineering design services for the firm",
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    "Report Code Violations to Authorities"
  ],
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    "Structural design",
    "Recognition of supervision requirements"
  ],
  "proeth:temporalExtent": "interval",
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  "proeth:temporalSequence": 5,
  "proeth:textReferences": [
    "Engineer Intern C (who was fully aware of Engineer B\u2019s impaired condition) would perform the structural design and develop the construction drawings",
    "it appears Engineer Intern C cooperated with Engineer B in their arrangement to continue to deliver engineering design services"
  ],
  "proeth:violatesObligation": [
    "Not Aid or Abet Unlawful Practice",
    "Conform with State Licensure Law"
  ],
  "proeth:withinCompetence": false,
  "rdfs:label": "Complicit Cooperation"
}

{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
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  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/16#Action_Delegation_and_Unreviewed_Sealing",
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  "proeth:description": "Engineer B delegated practically all design work to Engineer Intern C, a graduate engineer with about two years of experience, and signed and sealed the resulting drawings with little to no review.",
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    "Design errors going undetected due to lack of review"
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    "Defective Structural Design in Use",
    "Unlawful Practice Arrangement"
  ],
  "proeth:intendedOutcome": "Continue producing structural designs and construction drawings despite his impairment",
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    "Responsible charge",
    "Supervisory direction and control",
    "Structural design review"
  ],
  "proeth:temporalExtent": "interval",
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  "proeth:temporalSequence": 6,
  "proeth:textReferences": [
    "Engineer B delegated practically all design work to Engineer Intern C, a graduate engineer employee with about two years\u2019 experience",
    "Engineer B would sign and seal the drawings with little to no review"
  ],
  "proeth:violatesObligation": [
    "Sign and Seal Only Documents Prepared Under Direction and Control",
    "Conform with State Licensure Law"
  ],
  "proeth:withinCompetence": false,
  "rdfs:label": "Delegation and Unreviewed Sealing"
}

{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
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  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/16#Action_Independent_Review_Retention",
  "@type": "proeth:Action",
  "proeth:description": "After observing odd structural bracing and questionable details in the failed basement, Engineer A retained Engineer R, a well-respected structural engineer, to perform an independent review of the structural drawings and the failed structure.",
  "proeth:eventRoleContext": "Owner, civil engineering and surveying consulting firm",
  "proeth:guidedByPrinciple": [
    "Hold Paramount Public Safety, Health, and Welfare"
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    "Independent Review Underway"
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  "proeth:intendedOutcome": "Obtain a second opinion about the cause of the structural failure",
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    "Engineering judgment",
    "Consultant selection"
  ],
  "proeth:temporalExtent": "instant",
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  "proeth:temporalSequence": 9,
  "proeth:textReferences": [
    "Engineer A retained a well-respected structural engineer, Engineer R, to perform an independent review of the structural drawings and the failed basement structure"
  ],
  "proeth:withinCompetence": true,
  "rdfs:label": "Independent Review Retention"
}

{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
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  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/16#Action_Redesign_Retention",
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  "proeth:description": "After Engineer R\u0027s review revealed serious structural design errors, omissions, and faulty details in both built and unbuilt portions, Engineer A retained Engineer R to completely redesign the structure.",
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    "Hold Paramount Public Safety, Health, and Welfare"
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  "proeth:hasAgent": "Engineer A",
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    "Structural Redesign Underway"
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  "proeth:intendedOutcome": "Correct the defective design and safely complete the office building",
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    "Engineering judgment",
    "Project management"
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  "proeth:terminates": [
    "Defective Structural Design in Use"
  ],
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    "Engineer A retained Engineer R to completely redesign the structure"
  ],
  "proeth:withinCompetence": true,
  "rdfs:label": "Redesign Retention"
}

{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
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  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/16#Action_Private_Confrontation",
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    "Not Injure the Professional Reputation of Other Engineers"
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    "Engineer A Aware of Impairment and Arrangement"
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    "Professional communication"
  ],
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    "As a professional courtesy, and because he considered Engineer B a personal friend, Engineer A met privately with Engineer B and confronted him with the faulty design, including Engineer R\u2019s report."
  ],
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  "rdfs:label": "Private Confrontation"
}

{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
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  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/16#Action_Reporting_Omission",
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    "Engineer B\u0027s unlawful practice remaining unaddressed by authorities"
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    "Violations Unreported to State Board"
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    "Ethical judgment",
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    "Because of their long friendship and consideration of Engineer B\u2019s impairment, Engineer A did not report Engineer B to the State Board."
  ],
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    "Report Code Violations to Authorities",
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    "Report Unethical or Illegal Practice to Proper Authority",
    "Conform with State Licensure Law"
  ],
  "proeth:withinCompetence": true,
  "rdfs:label": "Reporting Omission"
}

{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
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  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/16#Event_Stroke_Onset",
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  "proeth:description": "Engineer B suffered a stroke a few months prior to the confrontation, leaving him impaired and unable to adequately direct and review engineering designs prepared under his signature and seal.",
  "proeth:eventType": "exogenous",
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    "Engineer B Impaired Condition"
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  "proeth:terminates": [
    "Engineer B Competent Practice Capacity"
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    "Engineer B divulged he had suffered a stroke a few months prior",
    "Engineer B suffered a stroke and was unable to adequately direct and review engineering designs and drawings being prepared under his signature and seal"
  ],
  "rdfs:label": "Stroke Onset"
}

{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
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  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/16#Event_Drawings_Completion",
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  "proeth:confidence": "0.85",
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    "Defective Sealed Drawings In Circulation"
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    "Construction drawings were completed, permits were issued, a contract was let, and the contractor began construction of the new office building"
  ],
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}

{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
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  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/16#Event_Permit_Issuance",
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  "proeth:description": "Building permits were issued for the office building project on the basis of the signed and sealed construction drawings, allowing construction to proceed.",
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  "proeth:initiates": [
    "Construction Authorized"
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    "Construction drawings were completed, permits were issued, a contract was let, and the contractor began construction of the new office building"
  ],
  "rdfs:label": "Permit Issuance"
}

{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
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  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/16#Event_Basement_Structural_Failure",
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  "proeth:description": "Early during construction of the basement of Engineer A\u0027s new office building, a significant structural failure occurred, ultimately traceable to the unreviewed design work produced under Engineer B\u0027s delegation arrangement.",
  "proeth:eventType": "outcome",
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    "Failed Basement Structure",
    "Public Safety Risk"
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  "proeth:temporalExtent": "instant",
  "proeth:temporalMarker": "Early during the process of constructing the basement",
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  "proeth:terminates": [
    "Construction Authorized"
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    "early during the process of constructing the basement there was a significant structural failure",
    "Ultimately, this process led to the failure of Engineer A\u2019s building"
  ],
  "rdfs:label": "Basement Structural Failure"
}

{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
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  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/16#Event_Design_Error_Discovery",
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  "proeth:confidence": "0.95",
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  "proeth:eventType": "outcome",
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    "Knowledge of Design Deficiencies",
    "Knowledge of Alleged Code Violation"
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    "Engineer R\u2019s review revealed a surprising number of serious structural design errors, omissions, and faulty details, not only for the failed basement, but also for the portions of the structure that had not been built yet",
    "it was Engineer R who technically uncovered the incompetent nature of Engineer B\u2019s design and construction documents"
  ],
  "rdfs:label": "Design Error Discovery"
}

{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
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  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/16#Event_Impairment_Disclosure",
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  "proeth:temporalSequence": 13,
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    "At this meeting, Engineer B divulged he had suffered a stroke a few months prior",
    "Engineer B delegated practically all design work to Engineer Intern C, a graduate engineer employee with about two years\u2019 experience"
  ],
  "rdfs:label": "Impairment Disclosure"
}

{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
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  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/16#CausalChain_1",
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  "proeth:causalLanguage": "Being the only licensed professional engineer in his firm, for financial and other reasons, Engineer B felt he could not afford to suspend work or close his office.",
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    {
      "proeth:description": "Engineer B suffers a stroke leaving him impaired",
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    {
      "proeth:description": "Engineer B concludes he cannot afford to suspend work or close his office",
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    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "Engineer B decides to continue delivering engineering services despite impairment",
      "proeth:element": "Continued Practice While Impaired",
      "proeth:step": 3
    }
  ],
  "proeth:cause": "Stroke Onset",
  "proeth:counterfactual": "Without the stroke, there would have been no impairment and no decision to practice while impaired; the decision itself, however, was volitional and could have been made differently despite the stroke.",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "facts",
  "proeth:effect": "Continued Practice While Impaired",
  "proeth:necessaryFactors": [
    "Stroke rendering Engineer B unable to adequately direct and review engineering work",
    "Engineer B\u0027s status as the only licensed PE in his firm",
    "Financial pressure to keep the office operating"
  ],
  "proeth:responsibilityType": "direct",
  "proeth:responsibleAgent": "Engineer B",
  "proeth:sufficientFactors": [
    "Impairment from stroke + sole-licensee dependence + financial motive together were sufficient for the decision to continue practicing"
  ],
  "proeth:withinAgentControl": true
}

{
  "@context": {
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    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/16#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/16#CausalChain_2",
  "@type": "proeth:CausalChain",
  "proeth:causalLanguage": "Rather, Engineer B\u0027s wife took over management of the business, and Engineer B delegated practically all design work to Engineer Intern C, a graduate engineer employee with about two years\u0027 experience.",
  "proeth:causalSequence": [
    {
      "proeth:description": "Engineer B keeps the firm open despite being unable to perform engineering work",
      "proeth:element": "Continued Practice While Impaired",
      "proeth:step": 1
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "Practically all design work is delegated to Engineer Intern C, with Engineer B sealing drawings with little to no review",
      "proeth:element": "Delegation and Unreviewed Sealing",
      "proeth:step": 2
    }
  ],
  "proeth:cause": "Continued Practice While Impaired",
  "proeth:counterfactual": "Had Engineer B suspended work or retained a qualified licensed engineer, the arrangement of sealing unreviewed intern-prepared drawings would not have arisen.",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "facts",
  "proeth:effect": "Delegation and Unreviewed Sealing",
  "proeth:necessaryFactors": [
    "Decision to keep the firm operating despite impairment",
    "Availability of Engineer Intern C as a subordinate to receive delegated work",
    "Engineer B\u0027s inability to personally perform or review design work"
  ],
  "proeth:responsibilityType": "direct",
  "proeth:responsibleAgent": "Engineer B",
  "proeth:sufficientFactors": [
    "The decision to continue practice while impaired + the availability of an intern willing to perform the work was sufficient to produce the delegation-and-seal arrangement"
  ],
  "proeth:withinAgentControl": true
}

{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/16#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/16#CausalChain_3",
  "@type": "proeth:CausalChain",
  "proeth:causalLanguage": "The way they operated was, Engineer Intern C (who was fully aware of Engineer B\u0027s impaired condition) would perform the structural design and develop the construction drawings, and Engineer B would sign and seal the drawings with little to no review.",
  "proeth:causalSequence": [
    {
      "proeth:description": "Engineer Intern C agrees to perform all structural design despite knowing Engineer B cannot supervise",
      "proeth:element": "Complicit Cooperation",
      "proeth:step": 1
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "Intern with about two years\u0027 experience performs structural design without guidance",
      "proeth:element": "Unsupervised Design Work",
      "proeth:step": 2
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "Engineer B signs and seals the drawings with little to no review",
      "proeth:element": "Delegation and Unreviewed Sealing",
      "proeth:step": 3
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "Construction drawings containing serious design errors, omissions, and faulty details are completed",
      "proeth:element": "Drawings Completion",
      "proeth:step": 4
    }
  ],
  "proeth:cause": "Complicit Cooperation",
  "proeth:counterfactual": "Had Engineer Intern C refused to cooperate or reported the situation to the licensure board, defective sealed drawings would not have been produced.",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "facts",
  "proeth:effect": "Drawings Completion",
  "proeth:necessaryFactors": [
    "Engineer Intern C\u0027s willingness to perform design and develop drawings knowing supervision was absent",
    "Engineer Intern C\u0027s limited experience (about two years)",
    "Absence of review by a competent licensed engineer"
  ],
  "proeth:responsibilityType": "shared",
  "proeth:responsibleAgent": "Engineer Intern C",
  "proeth:sufficientFactors": [
    "Intern-performed design + no meaningful review + Engineer B\u0027s seal was sufficient to produce completed construction drawings containing serious errors"
  ],
  "proeth:withinAgentControl": true
}

{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/16#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/16#CausalChain_4",
  "@type": "proeth:CausalChain",
  "proeth:causalLanguage": "Construction drawings were completed, permits were issued, a contract was let, and the contractor began construction of the new office building \u2013 which included a basement.",
  "proeth:causalSequence": [
    {
      "proeth:description": "Defective drawings are completed and sealed",
      "proeth:element": "Drawings Completion",
      "proeth:step": 1
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "Building permits are issued on the basis of the sealed drawings",
      "proeth:element": "Permit Issuance",
      "proeth:step": 2
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "A contract is let and the contractor begins construction of the basement",
      "proeth:element": "Construction Commencement",
      "proeth:step": 3
    }
  ],
  "proeth:cause": "Drawings Completion",
  "proeth:counterfactual": "Without completed sealed drawings, permits would not have been issued and construction would not have begun.",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "facts",
  "proeth:effect": "Permit Issuance",
  "proeth:necessaryFactors": [
    "Completed construction drawings bearing Engineer B\u0027s signature and seal",
    "Permitting authority\u0027s reliance on the sealed drawings"
  ],
  "proeth:responsibilityType": "indirect",
  "proeth:responsibleAgent": "Engineer B",
  "proeth:sufficientFactors": [
    "Submission of signed and sealed drawings that appeared professionally valid was sufficient for permits to issue"
  ],
  "proeth:withinAgentControl": true
}

{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/16#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/16#CausalChain_5",
  "@type": "proeth:CausalChain",
  "proeth:causalLanguage": "Ultimately, this process led to the failure of Engineer A\u0027s building.",
  "proeth:causalSequence": [
    {
      "proeth:description": "Engineer B delegates design to Engineer Intern C and seals drawings with little to no review",
      "proeth:element": "Delegation and Unreviewed Sealing",
      "proeth:step": 1
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "Drawings containing serious structural errors, omissions, and faulty details are completed",
      "proeth:element": "Drawings Completion",
      "proeth:step": 2
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "Permits issue and construction begins based on the defective sealed drawings",
      "proeth:element": "Permit Issuance",
      "proeth:step": 3
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "Early during basement construction, a significant structural failure occurs",
      "proeth:element": "Basement Structural Failure",
      "proeth:step": 4
    }
  ],
  "proeth:cause": "Delegation and Unreviewed Sealing",
  "proeth:counterfactual": "With proper responsible-charge review by a competent licensed engineer, the serious errors would likely have been caught and the failure prevented.",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "facts",
  "proeth:effect": "Basement Structural Failure",
  "proeth:necessaryFactors": [
    "Design errors, omissions, and faulty details embedded in the drawings",
    "Absence of competent review before sealing",
    "Construction proceeding per the defective drawings"
  ],
  "proeth:responsibilityType": "shared",
  "proeth:responsibleAgent": "Engineer B",
  "proeth:sufficientFactors": [
    "Defective structural design + sealing without review + construction according to those drawings was sufficient to cause the basement failure"
  ],
  "proeth:withinAgentControl": true
}

{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/16#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/16#CausalChain_6",
  "@type": "proeth:CausalChain",
  "proeth:causalLanguage": "To obtain a second opinion about the failure, Engineer A retained a well-respected structural engineer, Engineer R, to perform an independent review of the structural drawings and the failed basement structure.",
  "proeth:causalSequence": [
    {
      "proeth:description": "Significant structural failure occurs early in basement construction",
      "proeth:element": "Basement Structural Failure",
      "proeth:step": 1
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "Engineer A notices odd bracing and questionable structural details",
      "proeth:element": "Anomaly Observation",
      "proeth:step": 2
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "Engineer A retains Engineer R for an independent review",
      "proeth:element": "Independent Review Retention",
      "proeth:step": 3
    }
  ],
  "proeth:cause": "Basement Structural Failure",
  "proeth:counterfactual": "Without the basement failure, Engineer A would have had no reason to retain Engineer R, and the design errors would likely have remained undiscovered until later construction.",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "facts",
  "proeth:effect": "Independent Review Retention",
  "proeth:necessaryFactors": [
    "Occurrence of the significant structural failure",
    "Engineer A\u0027s observation of odd structural bracing and questionable details",
    "Engineer A\u0027s professional judgment that a second opinion was warranted"
  ],
  "proeth:responsibilityType": "direct",
  "proeth:responsibleAgent": "Engineer A",
  "proeth:sufficientFactors": [
    "The failure combined with Engineer A\u0027s observed anomalies was sufficient to prompt retaining an independent reviewer"
  ],
  "proeth:withinAgentControl": true
}

{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/16#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/16#CausalChain_7",
  "@type": "proeth:CausalChain",
  "proeth:causalLanguage": "Engineer R\u0027s review revealed a surprising number of serious structural design errors, omissions, and faulty details, not only for the failed basement, but also for the portions of the structure that had not been built yet.",
  "proeth:causalSequence": [
    {
      "proeth:description": "Engineer A retains Engineer R for a second opinion",
      "proeth:element": "Independent Review Retention",
      "proeth:step": 1
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "Engineer R reviews the structural drawings and failed basement",
      "proeth:element": "Technical Review",
      "proeth:step": 2
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "Serious errors, omissions, and faulty details are revealed, including in unbuilt portions",
      "proeth:element": "Design Error Discovery",
      "proeth:step": 3
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "Engineer A retains Engineer R to completely redesign the structure",
      "proeth:element": "Redesign Retention",
      "proeth:step": 4
    }
  ],
  "proeth:cause": "Independent Review Retention",
  "proeth:counterfactual": "Without the independent review, the errors in the unbuilt portions would likely have gone undetected, endangering public safety.",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "facts",
  "proeth:effect": "Design Error Discovery",
  "proeth:necessaryFactors": [
    "Retention of a competent independent reviewer (Engineer R)",
    "Existence of the errors and omissions in the drawings",
    "Access to the structural drawings and failed structure"
  ],
  "proeth:responsibilityType": "direct",
  "proeth:responsibleAgent": "Engineer R",
  "proeth:sufficientFactors": [
    "A competent independent review of drawings containing pervasive errors was sufficient to reveal them"
  ],
  "proeth:withinAgentControl": true
}

{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/16#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/16#CausalChain_8",
  "@type": "proeth:CausalChain",
  "proeth:causalLanguage": "As a professional courtesy, and because he considered Engineer B a personal friend, Engineer A met privately with Engineer B and confronted him with the faulty design, including Engineer R\u0027s report.",
  "proeth:causalSequence": [
    {
      "proeth:description": "Engineer R\u0027s report documents serious errors and omissions",
      "proeth:element": "Design Error Discovery",
      "proeth:step": 1
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "Engineer A privately confronts Engineer B with the faulty design and the report",
      "proeth:element": "Private Confrontation",
      "proeth:step": 2
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "Engineer B divulges his stroke and the delegation arrangement with Engineer Intern C",
      "proeth:element": "Impairment Disclosure",
      "proeth:step": 3
    }
  ],
  "proeth:cause": "Design Error Discovery",
  "proeth:counterfactual": "Without Engineer R\u0027s report, Engineer A would have lacked the evidentiary basis to confront Engineer B; without the friendship, Engineer A might have proceeded formally to the Board instead.",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "facts",
  "proeth:effect": "Private Confrontation",
  "proeth:necessaryFactors": [
    "Engineer R\u0027s documented findings of serious design errors",
    "Engineer A\u0027s friendship with and sense of professional courtesy toward Engineer B"
  ],
  "proeth:responsibilityType": "direct",
  "proeth:responsibleAgent": "Engineer A",
  "proeth:sufficientFactors": [
    "Possession of the damning report + the personal relationship was sufficient to prompt a private (rather than formal) confrontation"
  ],
  "proeth:withinAgentControl": true
}

{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/16#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/16#CausalChain_9",
  "@type": "proeth:CausalChain",
  "proeth:causalLanguage": "Because of their long friendship and consideration of Engineer B\u0027s impairment, Engineer A did not report Engineer B to the State Board.",
  "proeth:causalSequence": [
    {
      "proeth:description": "Engineer A confronts Engineer B with the faulty design and Engineer R\u0027s report",
      "proeth:element": "Private Confrontation",
      "proeth:step": 1
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "Engineer B divulges the stroke and the delegation/sealing arrangement",
      "proeth:element": "Impairment Disclosure",
      "proeth:step": 2
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "Engineer A weighs the friendship and Engineer B\u0027s impairment against reporting",
      "proeth:element": "Compassion-Based Deliberation",
      "proeth:step": 3
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "Engineer A decides not to report Engineer B to the State Board, violating Sections II.1.f and III.7",
      "proeth:element": "Reporting Omission",
      "proeth:step": 4
    }
  ],
  "proeth:cause": "Impairment Disclosure",
  "proeth:counterfactual": "Had Engineer A adhered to Code Sections II.1.f and III.7, he would have reported the violations to the State Board despite the friendship; the discussion states friendship \u0027was not an ethical justification for Engineer A to ignore or conceal Engineer B\u0027s violations.\u0027",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "facts",
  "proeth:effect": "Reporting Omission",
  "proeth:necessaryFactors": [
    "Engineer A\u0027s knowledge of Engineer B\u0027s stroke and impaired condition",
    "The long friendship between Engineer A and Engineer B",
    "Engineer A\u0027s sympathetic weighing of the impairment against his reporting obligation"
  ],
  "proeth:responsibilityType": "direct",
  "proeth:responsibleAgent": "Engineer A",
  "proeth:sufficientFactors": [
    "Knowledge of the impairment + long friendship + misplaced compassion was sufficient for Engineer A\u0027s decision not to report"
  ],
  "proeth:withinAgentControl": true
}