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Overview
Facts Discussion
Provenance Draft

PASS 1: Contextual Framework Facts Section

Case 163: Signing and Sealing Plans Not Prepared by Engineer

R Roles
2
Classes
4
Individuals
S States
4
Classes
4
Individuals
Rs Resources
0
Classes
0
Individuals

Extracted Ontology Entities

14 RDF entities extracted organized by concept type

R Roles

Roles Classes
2
changed
ResponsibleChargeEngineerRole
rdfs:subClassOf Roles
Review
Responsible Charge Engineer Role
C163
Definition
Extracted from facts primary
A senior professional engineering role within a firm that exercises general direction and supervision over engineers preparing designs, establishes the concept and design requirements, answers technical questions, reviews elements of the design as it progresses, and affixes the professional seal to plans prepared by engineers working under that direction.
Inherited from ResponsibleChargeEngineerRole · note
An engineer in responsible charge of work, with direct control and personal supervision of the work in the sense of engineering licensure law, including responsible charge exercised through detailed review of work prepared by others. An occupational mode of practice, not a duty-relationship archetype.
Properties
Text References:
"Engineer A is the Chief Engineer within a large engineering firm, and affixes his seal to some of the plans prepared by registered engineers working under his general direction who do not affix their ..."
"By general direction and supervision, Engineer A means that he is involved in helping to establish the concept, the design requirements, and review elements of the design or project status as the desi..."
Confidence: 0.9
Role Category: employer_relationship
Role Kind: professional
Distinguishing Features:
  • Affixes his professional seal to plans prepared by engineers working under his general direction rather than preparing the plans himself
  • Provides general direction and supervision, establishing the concept and design requirements and reviewing elements of the design as it progresses, rather than detailed review or checking of the design
  • Serves as the technical point of consultation, answering technical questions and giving direction
Professional Scope: General direction and supervision of engineering design work within the firm, including establishing design concepts and requirements, reviewing design progress, answering technical questions, and sealing plans prepared under that direction.
Typical Qualifications:
  • Professional engineering registration authorizing the sealing of plans
  • Senior engineering experience sufficient to direct and supervise other engineers
Associated Virtues:
  • Competence
  • Integrity
  • Responsibility
[facts] "Engineer A is the Chief Engineer within a large engineering firm, and affixes his seal to some of the plans prepared by registered engineers working under his general direction who do not affix their ..."
Field classification (triples vs literals)
Literal extractions (kept for synthesis)
  • textReferences content: Engineer A is the Chief Engineer within a large engineering firm, and affixes his seal to some of the plans prepared by registered engineers working under his general direction who do not affix their seals to the plans.; By general direction and supervision, Engineer A means that he is involved in helping to establish the concept, the design requirements, and review elements of the design or project status as the design progresses.
  • roleCategory content: employer_relationship
  • roleKind content: professional
  • distinguishingFeatures content: Affixes his professional seal to plans prepared by engineers working under his general direction rather than preparing the plans himself; Provides general direction and supervision, establishing the concept and design requirements and reviewing elements of the design as it progresses, rather than detailed review or checking of the design; Serves as the technical point of consultation, answering technical questions and giving direction
  • professionalScope content: General direction and supervision of engineering design work within the firm, including establishing design concepts and requirements, reviewing design progress, answering technical questions, and sealing plans prepared under that direction.
  • typicalQualifications content: Professional engineering registration authorizing the sealing of plans; Senior engineering experience sufficient to direct and supervise other engineers
  • associatedVirtues content: Competence; Integrity; Responsibility
  • confidence assessment: 0.9
changed
DesignEngineerRole
rdfs:subClassOf Roles
Review
Engineer Role
C163
Definition
Extracted from facts primary
A professional engineering role of an engineer who prepares plans and designs while working under the general direction and supervision of a senior engineer, and whose plans are sealed by that supervising engineer rather than by the preparer.
Inherited from EngineerRole · note
A professional role involving engineering practice and responsibilities. Occupational archetype head for all engineer specializations and extracted engineer-role leaves.
Properties
Text References:
"registered engineers working under his general direction who do not affix their seals to the plans"
"non-registered, graduate engineers working under his general supervision"
Confidence: 0.85
Role Category: employer_relationship
Role Kind: professional
Distinguishing Features:
  • Prepares plans and designs but does not affix a seal to them
  • Works under the general direction and supervision of the Chief Engineer
  • Receives answers and direction on technical questions from the supervising engineer
Professional Scope: Preparation of engineering plans and designs for the firm's projects under the general direction and supervision of a senior engineer.
Typical Qualifications:
  • Engineering education (graduate engineer)
  • Professional registration where held, though non-registered graduate engineers also fill the role in this case
Associated Virtues:
  • Competence
  • Diligence
[facts] "affixes his seal to some of the plans prepared by registered engineers working under his general direction who do not affix their seals to the plans. At times Engineer A also seals plans prepared by n..."
Field classification (triples vs literals)
Literal extractions (kept for synthesis)
  • textReferences content: registered engineers working under his general direction who do not affix their seals to the plans; non-registered, graduate engineers working under his general supervision
  • roleCategory content: employer_relationship
  • roleKind content: professional
  • distinguishingFeatures content: Prepares plans and designs but does not affix a seal to them; Works under the general direction and supervision of the Chief Engineer; Receives answers and direction on technical questions from the supervising engineer
  • professionalScope content: Preparation of engineering plans and designs for the firm's projects under the general direction and supervision of a senior engineer.
  • typicalQualifications content: Engineering education (graduate engineer); Professional registration where held, though non-registered graduate engineers also fill the role in this case
  • associatedVirtues content: Competence; Diligence
  • confidence assessment: 0.85
Roles Individuals
4
Linked
Employer Role
C163
Text References:
"Engineer A is the Chief Engineer within a large engineering firm"
"Because of the size of the organization and the large number of projects being designed at any one time"
Confidence: 0.85
Actor: Engineering Firm
Role Class: Employer Role
Role Kind: participant
Case Involvement: Large engineering firm employing Engineer A as Chief Engineer along with the registered and non-registered graduate engineers working under his general direction and supervision.
Size: Large organization with a large number of projects being designed at any one time
[facts] "Engineer A is the Chief Engineer within a large engineering firm"
Field classification (triples vs literals)
Relations (structural triples)
  • actor: Engineering Firm
  • attributes: {'size': 'Large organization with a large number of projects being designed at any one time'}
Literal extractions (kept for synthesis)
  • textReferences content: Engineer A is the Chief Engineer within a large engineering firm; Because of the size of the organization and the large number of projects being designed at any one time
  • roleClass content: Employer Role
  • roleKind content: participant
  • caseInvolvement content: Large engineering firm employing Engineer A as Chief Engineer along with the registered and non-registered graduate engineers working under his general direction and supervision.
  • confidence assessment: 0.85
Engineer A Chief Engineer
Responsible Charge Engineer Role
Review
Responsible Charge Engineer Role
C163
Text References:
"Engineer A is the Chief Engineer within a large engineering firm, and affixes his seal to some of the plans prepared by registered engineers working under his general direction who do not affix their ..."
"Engineer A finds it impossible to give a detailed review or check of the design."
"Engineer A is consulted about technical questions and he provides answers and direction in these matters."
Confidence: 0.95
Actor: Engineer A
Role Class: Chief Engineer
Role Category: employer_relationship
Role Kind: professional
License: Registered professional engineer (affixes his seal to plans)
Experience Level: Chief Engineer, senior supervisory position
Employer: Large engineering firm
Additional Relationships:
  • {'type': 'generally directs and supervises', 'target': 'Registered Engineers', 'quote': 'registered engineers working under his general direction who do not affix their seals to the plans'}
  • {'type': 'seals plans prepared by', 'target': 'Graduate Engineers', 'quote': 'At times Engineer A also seals plans prepared by non-registered, graduate engineers working under his general supervision.'}
Case Involvement: Chief Engineer who affixes his seal to plans prepared by registered and non-registered engineers under his general direction and supervision, without giving a detailed review or check of the design, believing this ethically and legally correct based on his confidence in those he has hired.
Seal practice: Affixes his seal to plans prepared by registered engineers and, at times, by non-registered graduate engineers working under his general direction and supervision
Review practice: Finds it impossible to give a detailed review or check of the design because of the size of the organization and the large number of projects
Stated position: Believes he is ethically and legally correct in not giving detailed review because of his confidence in the ability of those he has hired
Employedby: Engineering Firm
"Engineer A is the Chief Engineer within a large engineering firm"
Reviewsworkof: Registered Engineers
"review elements of the design or project status as the design progresses"
Reviewsworkof: Graduate Engineers
"At times Engineer A also seals plans prepared by non-registered, graduate engineers working under his general supervision."
[facts] "Engineer A is the Chief Engineer within a large engineering firm, and affixes his seal to some of the plans prepared by registered engineers working under his general direction who do not affix their ..."
Field classification (triples vs literals)
Relations (structural triples)
  • actor: Engineer A
  • attributes: {'seal_practice': 'Affixes his seal to plans prepared by registered engineers and, at times, by non-registered graduate engineers working under his general direction and supervision', 'review_practice': 'Finds it impossible to give a detailed review or check of the design because of the size of the organization and the large number of projects', 'stated_position': 'Believes he is ethically and legally correct in not giving detailed review because of his confidence in the ability of those he has hired'}
  • relationships: {'type': 'employedBy', 'target': 'Engineering Firm', 'quote': 'Engineer A is the Chief Engineer within a large engineering firm'}; {'type': 'reviewsWorkOf', 'target': 'Registered Engineers', 'quote': 'review elements of the design or project status as the design progresses'}; {'type': 'reviewsWorkOf', 'target': 'Graduate Engineers', 'quote': 'At times Engineer A also seals plans prepared by non-registered, graduate engineers working under his general supervision.'}
Literal extractions (kept for synthesis)
  • textReferences content: Engineer A is the Chief Engineer within a large engineering firm, and affixes his seal to some of the plans prepared by registered engineers working under his general direction who do not affix their seals to the plans.; Engineer A finds it impossible to give a detailed review or check of the design.; Engineer A is consulted about technical questions and he provides answers and direction in these matters.
  • roleClass content: Chief Engineer
  • roleCategory content: employer_relationship
  • roleKind content: professional
  • license content: Registered professional engineer (affixes his seal to plans)
  • experienceLevel content: Chief Engineer, senior supervisory position
  • employer content: Large engineering firm
  • additionalRelationships content: {'type': 'generally directs and supervises', 'target': 'Registered Engineers', 'quote': 'registered engineers working under his general direction who do not affix their seals to the plans'}; {'type': 'seals plans prepared by', 'target': 'Graduate Engineers', 'quote': 'At times Engineer A also seals plans prepared by non-registered, graduate engineers working under his general supervision.'}
  • caseInvolvement content: Chief Engineer who affixes his seal to plans prepared by registered and non-registered engineers under his general direction and supervision, without giving a detailed review or check of the design, believing this ethically and legally correct based on his confidence in those he has hired.
  • confidence assessment: 0.95
Review
Engineer Role
C163
Text References:
"registered engineers working under his general direction who do not affix their seals to the plans"
"his confidence in the ability of those he has hired and who are working under his general direction and supervision"
Confidence: 0.9
Actor: Registered Engineers
Role Class: Subordinate Engineer
Role Category: employer_relationship
Role Kind: professional
License: Registered engineers
Employer: Large engineering firm
Additional Relationships: {'type': 'works under general direction of', 'target': 'Engineer A', 'quote': 'registered engineers working under his general direction who do not affix their seals to the plans'}
Case Involvement: Registered engineers who prepare plans under Engineer A's general direction, do not affix their own seals, and whose plans Engineer A seals.
Seal practice: Do not affix their seals to the plans they prepare; Engineer A seals them
Workreviewedby: Engineer A
"affixes his seal to some of the plans prepared by registered engineers working under his general direction who do not affix their seals to the plans"
Employedby: Engineering Firm
"his confidence in the ability of those he has hired and who are working under his general direction and supervision"
[facts] "affixes his seal to some of the plans prepared by registered engineers working under his general direction who do not affix their seals to the plans"
Field classification (triples vs literals)
Relations (structural triples)
  • actor: Registered Engineers
  • attributes: {'seal_practice': 'Do not affix their seals to the plans they prepare; Engineer A seals them'}
  • relationships: {'type': 'workReviewedBy', 'target': 'Engineer A', 'quote': 'affixes his seal to some of the plans prepared by registered engineers working under his general direction who do not affix their seals to the plans'}; {'type': 'employedBy', 'target': 'Engineering Firm', 'quote': 'his confidence in the ability of those he has hired and who are working under his general direction and supervision'}
Literal extractions (kept for synthesis)
  • textReferences content: registered engineers working under his general direction who do not affix their seals to the plans; his confidence in the ability of those he has hired and who are working under his general direction and supervision
  • roleClass content: Subordinate Engineer
  • roleCategory content: employer_relationship
  • roleKind content: professional
  • license content: Registered engineers
  • employer content: Large engineering firm
  • additionalRelationships content: {'type': 'works under general direction of', 'target': 'Engineer A', 'quote': 'registered engineers working under his general direction who do not affix their seals to the plans'}
  • caseInvolvement content: Registered engineers who prepare plans under Engineer A's general direction, do not affix their own seals, and whose plans Engineer A seals.
  • confidence assessment: 0.9
Review
Engineer Role
C163
Text References:
"At times Engineer A also seals plans prepared by non-registered, graduate engineers working under his general supervision."
Confidence: 0.9
Actor: Graduate Engineers
Role Class: Subordinate Engineer
Role Category: employer_relationship
Role Kind: professional
License: Non-registered
Experience Level: Graduate engineers
Employer: Large engineering firm
Technical Background: Graduate engineering education
Additional Relationships: {'type': 'works under general supervision of', 'target': 'Engineer A', 'quote': 'non-registered, graduate engineers working under his general supervision'}
Case Involvement: Non-registered graduate engineers who prepare plans under Engineer A's general supervision, with Engineer A at times sealing the plans they prepare.
Seal practice: Do not seal their own plans; Engineer A at times seals plans they prepare
Workreviewedby: Engineer A
"At times Engineer A also seals plans prepared by non-registered, graduate engineers working under his general supervision."
Employedby: Engineering Firm
"his confidence in the ability of those he has hired and who are working under his general direction and supervision"
[facts] "At times Engineer A also seals plans prepared by non-registered, graduate engineers working under his general supervision."
Field classification (triples vs literals)
Relations (structural triples)
  • actor: Graduate Engineers
  • attributes: {'seal_practice': 'Do not seal their own plans; Engineer A at times seals plans they prepare'}
  • relationships: {'type': 'workReviewedBy', 'target': 'Engineer A', 'quote': 'At times Engineer A also seals plans prepared by non-registered, graduate engineers working under his general supervision.'}; {'type': 'employedBy', 'target': 'Engineering Firm', 'quote': 'his confidence in the ability of those he has hired and who are working under his general direction and supervision'}
Literal extractions (kept for synthesis)
  • textReferences content: At times Engineer A also seals plans prepared by non-registered, graduate engineers working under his general supervision.
  • roleClass content: Subordinate Engineer
  • roleCategory content: employer_relationship
  • roleKind content: professional
  • license content: Non-registered
  • experienceLevel content: Graduate engineers
  • employer content: Large engineering firm
  • technicalBackground content: Graduate engineering education
  • additionalRelationships content: {'type': 'works under general supervision of', 'target': 'Engineer A', 'quote': 'non-registered, graduate engineers working under his general supervision'}
  • caseInvolvement content: Non-registered graduate engineers who prepare plans under Engineer A's general supervision, with Engineer A at times sealing the plans they prepare.
  • confidence assessment: 0.9

S States

States Classes
4
changed
Good Faith Belief State
rdfs:subClassOf States
Review
Good Faith Belief State
C163
Definition
Extracted from facts primary
An epistemic condition in which a professional sincerely believes his conduct is ethically and legally correct, here Engineer A believing he is ethically and legally correct in not giving a detailed review because of his confidence in the ability of those he has hired and who are working under his general direction and supervision.
Inherited from GoodFaithBeliefState · note
An epistemic condition in which professionals sincerely hold their opinions and believe their activities serve the public interest, so their conduct is evaluated on the assumption of good faith rather than on whether the opinions are ultimately justified. Here the Board assumes the engineer-members of the Citizens Committee were sincere in their opinions and believed they were serving the public interest in their activities.
Properties
Text References:
"He believes he is ethically and legally correct in not doing so because of his confidence in the ability of those he has hired and who are working under his general direction and supervision."
Confidence: 0.88
State Category: epistemic
Persistence Type: inertial
Activation Conditions: The professional forms a sincere belief that his practice is ethically and legally correct
Termination Conditions: The professional's belief is revised or displaced by contrary information or a contrary finding
[facts] "He believes he is ethically and legally correct in not doing so because of his confidence in the ability of those he has hired and who are working under his general direction and supervision."
Field classification (triples vs literals)
Literal extractions (kept for synthesis)
  • textReferences content: He believes he is ethically and legally correct in not doing so because of his confidence in the ability of those he has hired and who are working under his general direction and supervision.
  • stateCategory content: epistemic
  • persistenceType content: inertial
  • confidence assessment: 0.88
Derived (reconstructable from the graph)
  • activationConditions: The professional forms a sincere belief that his practice is ethically and legally correct
  • terminationConditions: The professional's belief is revised or displaced by contrary information or a contrary finding
changed
SealAuthorityState
rdfs:subClassOf States
Review
Seal Authority State
C163
Definition
Extracted from facts primary
A regulatory condition concerning the application of a professional engineer's seal to a work product, here the ongoing condition in which a chief engineer affixes his seal to plans prepared by registered engineers who do not affix their own seals and at times to plans prepared by non-registered graduate engineers working under his general supervision.
Inherited from SealAuthorityState · note
A regulatory condition concerning the application of a professional engineer's seal to a work product, here a draft report submitted to the client with language clearly identifying it as a draft and with the seal applied consistent with state law.
Properties
Text References:
"Engineer A is the Chief Engineer within a large engineering firm, and affixes his seal to some of the plans prepared by registered engineers working under his general direction who do not affix their ..."
"At times Engineer A also seals plans prepared by non-registered, graduate engineers working under his general supervision."
Confidence: 0.92
State Category: regulatory
Persistence Type: inertial
Activation Conditions: A chief engineer affixes his seal to plans prepared by others working under his general direction or supervision
Termination Conditions: The engineer ceases sealing plans he did not prepare or begins sealing only work he has personally reviewed in detail
[facts] "Engineer A is the Chief Engineer within a large engineering firm, and affixes his seal to some of the plans prepared by registered engineers working under his general direction who do not affix their ..."
Field classification (triples vs literals)
Literal extractions (kept for synthesis)
  • textReferences content: Engineer A is the Chief Engineer within a large engineering firm, and affixes his seal to some of the plans prepared by registered engineers working under his general direction who do not affix their seals to the plans.; At times Engineer A also seals plans prepared by non-registered, graduate engineers working under his general supervision.
  • stateCategory content: regulatory
  • persistenceType content: inertial
  • confidence assessment: 0.92
Derived (reconstructable from the graph)
  • activationConditions: A chief engineer affixes his seal to plans prepared by others working under his general direction or supervision
  • terminationConditions: The engineer ceases sealing plans he did not prepare or begins sealing only work he has personally reviewed in detail
changed
DeadlinePressureState
rdfs:subClassOf States
Review
Resource State
C163
Definition
Extracted from facts primary
A resource condition in which the size of the organization and the large number of projects being designed at any one time make it impossible for the responsible engineer to give a detailed review or check of each design before sealing it.
Inherited from ResourceState · note
A condition of availability or scarcity of the means to act: time, budget, personnel, safeguards, or access to information. As a content kind it is the standing of the means available, distinct from the Resource (Rs) component, which is a knowledge artifact. Its deontic relevance is that it conditions the feasibility of obligations; context determines dynamic priorities among duties (Almpani and Stefaneas 2022), and a means-constrained context reorders them accordingly.
Properties
Text References:
"Because of the size of the organization and the large number of projects being designed at any one time, Engineer A finds it impossible to give a detailed review or check of the design."
Confidence: 0.9
State Category: resource
Persistence Type: inertial
Activation Conditions: The organization's size and the number of projects in simultaneous design exceed what the responsible engineer can review in detail
Termination Conditions: The workload is reduced or review responsibility is distributed so detailed review becomes feasible
[facts] "Because of the size of the organization and the large number of projects being designed at any one time, Engineer A finds it impossible to give a detailed review or check of the design."
Field classification (triples vs literals)
Literal extractions (kept for synthesis)
  • textReferences content: Because of the size of the organization and the large number of projects being designed at any one time, Engineer A finds it impossible to give a detailed review or check of the design.
  • stateCategory content: resource
  • persistenceType content: inertial
  • confidence assessment: 0.9
Derived (reconstructable from the graph)
  • activationConditions: The organization's size and the number of projects in simultaneous design exceed what the responsible engineer can review in detail
  • terminationConditions: The workload is reduced or review responsibility is distributed so detailed review becomes feasible
changed
SupervisoryDirectionState
rdfs:subClassOf States
Review
Supervisory Direction State
C163
Definition
Extracted from facts primary
A condition of the supervisory arrangement under which subordinate engineers work, here general direction and supervision meaning the chief engineer helps establish the concept and the design requirements, reviews elements of the design or project status as the design progresses, and is consulted about technical questions, providing answers and direction, without a detailed review or check of the design.
Inherited from SupervisoryDirectionState · note
A resource condition in which a subordinate professional who works within the safety net of a supervisor's guidance and direct supervision no longer has that guidance, direct supervision, or review available, leaving the subordinate without the supervisory support their role presupposes.
Properties
Text References:
"By general direction and supervision, Engineer A means that he is involved in helping to establish the concept, the design requirements, and review elements of the design or project status as the desi..."
"Engineer A is consulted about technical questions and he provides answers and direction in these matters."
Confidence: 0.87
State Category: resource
Persistence Type: inertial
Activation Conditions: Subordinate engineers perform design work under the chief engineer's general direction and supervision
Termination Conditions: The supervisory arrangement changes, for example detailed review is instituted or the subordinates seal their own work
[facts] "By general direction and supervision, Engineer A means that he is involved in helping to establish the concept, the design requirements, and review elements of the design or project status as the desi..."
Field classification (triples vs literals)
Literal extractions (kept for synthesis)
  • textReferences content: By general direction and supervision, Engineer A means that he is involved in helping to establish the concept, the design requirements, and review elements of the design or project status as the design progresses.; Engineer A is consulted about technical questions and he provides answers and direction in these matters.
  • stateCategory content: resource
  • persistenceType content: inertial
  • confidence assessment: 0.87
Derived (reconstructable from the graph)
  • activationConditions: Subordinate engineers perform design work under the chief engineer's general direction and supervision
  • terminationConditions: The supervisory arrangement changes, for example detailed review is instituted or the subordinates seal their own work
States Individuals
4
changed
Review
Good Faith Belief State
C163
Text References:
"He believes he is ethically and legally correct in not doing so because of his confidence in the ability of those he has hired and who are working under his general direction and supervision."
Confidence: 0.88
State Class: Good Faith Belief State
Subject: Engineer A's belief that he is ethically and legally correct in not giving a detailed review, grounded in his confidence in the ability of those he has hired
Active Period: Ongoing while Engineer A maintains his confidence in the ability of those working under his general direction and supervision
Triggering Event: Engineer A forms confidence in the ability of those he has hired and who are working under his general direction and supervision
Affected Parties: Engineer A
Urgency Level: low
[facts] "He believes he is ethically and legally correct in not doing so because of his confidence in the ability of those he has hired and who are working under his general direction and supervision."
Field classification (triples vs literals)
Literal extractions (kept for synthesis)
  • textReferences content: He believes he is ethically and legally correct in not doing so because of his confidence in the ability of those he has hired and who are working under his general direction and supervision.
  • stateClass content: Good Faith Belief State
  • subject content: Engineer A's belief that he is ethically and legally correct in not giving a detailed review, grounded in his confidence in the ability of those he has hired
  • activePeriod content: Ongoing while Engineer A maintains his confidence in the ability of those working under his general direction and supervision
  • triggeringEvent content: Engineer A forms confidence in the ability of those he has hired and who are working under his general direction and supervision
  • affectedParties content: Engineer A
  • confidence assessment: 0.88
  • urgencyLevel assessment: low
changed
Review
Seal Authority State
C163
Text References:
"Engineer A is the Chief Engineer within a large engineering firm, and affixes his seal to some of the plans prepared by registered engineers working under his general direction who do not affix their ..."
"At times Engineer A also seals plans prepared by non-registered, graduate engineers working under his general supervision."
Confidence: 0.92
State Class: Seal Authority State
Subject: Engineer A's application of his seal to plans prepared by registered engineers and non-registered graduate engineers working under his general direction and supervision
Active Period: Ongoing during Engineer A's tenure as Chief Engineer at the firm
Triggering Event: Engineer A, as Chief Engineer, begins affixing his seal to plans prepared by engineers working under his general direction and supervision
Affected Parties:
  • Engineer A
  • Registered engineers working under his general direction
  • Non-registered graduate engineers working under his general supervision
Urgency Level: medium
[facts] "Engineer A is the Chief Engineer within a large engineering firm, and affixes his seal to some of the plans prepared by registered engineers working under his general direction who do not affix their ..."
Field classification (triples vs literals)
Literal extractions (kept for synthesis)
  • textReferences content: Engineer A is the Chief Engineer within a large engineering firm, and affixes his seal to some of the plans prepared by registered engineers working under his general direction who do not affix their seals to the plans.; At times Engineer A also seals plans prepared by non-registered, graduate engineers working under his general supervision.
  • stateClass content: Seal Authority State
  • subject content: Engineer A's application of his seal to plans prepared by registered engineers and non-registered graduate engineers working under his general direction and supervision
  • activePeriod content: Ongoing during Engineer A's tenure as Chief Engineer at the firm
  • triggeringEvent content: Engineer A, as Chief Engineer, begins affixing his seal to plans prepared by engineers working under his general direction and supervision
  • affectedParties content: Engineer A; Registered engineers working under his general direction; Non-registered graduate engineers working under his general supervision
  • confidence assessment: 0.92
  • urgencyLevel assessment: medium
changed
Review
Resource State
C163
Text References:
"Because of the size of the organization and the large number of projects being designed at any one time, Engineer A finds it impossible to give a detailed review or check of the design."
Confidence: 0.9
State Class: Detailed Review Infeasibility State
Subject: Engineer A's capacity to give a detailed review or check of the designs he seals
Active Period: Ongoing while the organization remains large and many projects are in design at any one time
Triggering Event: The organization's size and the large number of projects being designed at any one time exceed Engineer A's capacity for detailed review
Affected Parties: Engineer A
Urgency Level: medium
[facts] "Because of the size of the organization and the large number of projects being designed at any one time, Engineer A finds it impossible to give a detailed review or check of the design."
Field classification (triples vs literals)
Literal extractions (kept for synthesis)
  • textReferences content: Because of the size of the organization and the large number of projects being designed at any one time, Engineer A finds it impossible to give a detailed review or check of the design.
  • stateClass content: Detailed Review Infeasibility State
  • subject content: Engineer A's capacity to give a detailed review or check of the designs he seals
  • activePeriod content: Ongoing while the organization remains large and many projects are in design at any one time
  • triggeringEvent content: The organization's size and the large number of projects being designed at any one time exceed Engineer A's capacity for detailed review
  • affectedParties content: Engineer A
  • confidence assessment: 0.9
  • urgencyLevel assessment: medium
changed
General Direction Supervision Arrangement
Supervisory Direction State
Review
Supervisory Direction State
C163
Text References:
"By general direction and supervision, Engineer A means that he is involved in helping to establish the concept, the design requirements, and review elements of the design or project status as the desi..."
"Engineer A is consulted about technical questions and he provides answers and direction in these matters."
Confidence: 0.87
State Class: Supervisory Direction State
Subject: The supervisory arrangement between Engineer A and the registered and non-registered engineers working under his general direction and supervision
Active Period: Ongoing as the designs progress under Engineer A's general direction and supervision
Triggering Event: Subordinate engineers undertake design work under Engineer A's general direction and supervision
Affected Parties:
  • Engineer A
  • Registered engineers working under his general direction
  • Non-registered graduate engineers working under his general supervision
Urgency Level: medium
[facts] "By general direction and supervision, Engineer A means that he is involved in helping to establish the concept, the design requirements, and review elements of the design or project status as the desi..."
Field classification (triples vs literals)
Literal extractions (kept for synthesis)
  • textReferences content: By general direction and supervision, Engineer A means that he is involved in helping to establish the concept, the design requirements, and review elements of the design or project status as the design progresses.; Engineer A is consulted about technical questions and he provides answers and direction in these matters.
  • stateClass content: Supervisory Direction State
  • subject content: The supervisory arrangement between Engineer A and the registered and non-registered engineers working under his general direction and supervision
  • activePeriod content: Ongoing as the designs progress under Engineer A's general direction and supervision
  • triggeringEvent content: Subordinate engineers undertake design work under Engineer A's general direction and supervision
  • affectedParties content: Engineer A; Registered engineers working under his general direction; Non-registered graduate engineers working under his general supervision
  • confidence assessment: 0.87
  • urgencyLevel assessment: medium

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Case texts: National Society of Professional Engineers, Board of Ethical Review.

NOTE: The NSPE Board of Ethical Review considers ethical cases involving either real or hypothetical matters submitted to it from NSPE members, other engineers, public officials, and members of the public. The BER reviews each case in the context of the NSPE Code of Ethics and earlier BER opinions. The facts contained in each case do not necessarily represent all of the pertinent facts submitted to or reviewed by the BER and shall not be considered a direct evaluation of any real matter that may have been submitted.

Each opinion is intended as guidance to individual practicing engineers, students, and the public. In regard to the question of application of the NSPE Code of Ethics to engineering organizations (e.g., corporations, partnerships, sole proprietorships, government agencies, and university engineering departments), the specific business form or type should not negate nor detract from the conformance of individuals to the Code. The NSPE Code deals with professional services, which must be performed by real persons. Real persons in turn establish and implement policies within business structures.

This opinion is for educational purposes only and is not legal advice. It may be reprinted without further permission, provided that this statement is included before or after the text of the case and appropriate attribution is provided to the National Society of Professional Engineers' Board of Ethical Review.

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