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Overview
Provenance Draft

PASS 3: Temporal Dynamics

Case 20: Review of Other Engineer’s Work

22 entities 4 actions 4 events 5 causal chains 8 temporal relations
Timeline Overview
Action Event 8 sequenced markers
Competitor Consultation Final year of the 3-year contract, before the next selection process
Contract Commencement Start of the 3-year contract period
Consultant Judgment Questioning On several occasions during the contract period
Critical Peer Commentary During the City Administrator's contact, in the final year of Engineer B's contract
Failure to Refrain During the conversation with the City Administrator
Final Contract Year Onset Beginning of the third year of the contract
Difficult Position Placement When the City Administrator contacts Engineer C with questions about Engineer B's work
Potential Advantage Emergence Following Engineer C's critical answers to the City Administrator
OWL-Time Temporal Structure 8 relations time: = w3.org/2006/time
City Administrator questioning Engineer B's judgment time:intervalDuring Engineer B's 3-year contract
City Administrator contacting Engineer C / Engineer C's criticism of Engineer B time:intervalDuring Engineer B's 3-year contract
City Administrator's contact with Engineer C time:intervalDuring final year of Engineer B's contract
Engineer C's criticism of Engineer B time:intervalBefore selection process for the next 3-year contract
City Administrator's previous experiences with Engineer C time:intervalBefore City Administrator contacting Engineer C about Engineer B's work
Engineer B's current 3-year contract time:intervalBefore next 3-year contract
Engineer C's review of Engineer B's work time:intervalDuring period without Engineer B's knowledge of the review
Engineer B's work on specific issues for the City time:intervalBefore Engineer C answering the Administrator's questions on those issues
Extracted Actions (4)
Volitional professional decisions with intentions and ethical context

Description: The City Administrator repeatedly questions the judgment of Engineer B on several occasions during the 3-year contract period, developing dissatisfaction with the incumbent consulting firm.

Temporal Marker: On several occasions during the contract period interval

Fluent Transitions:
Initiates (1)
  • Client Dissatisfaction with Incumbent Engineer

Mental State: deliberate

Intended Outcome: Express and pursue concerns about the quality of Engineer B's professional judgment

Foreseen Unintended Effects:

  • Erosion of the working relationship with the incumbent firm
Required Capabilities:
Contract administration Evaluation of consulting services
Within Competence: Yes
Field classification (triples vs literals)
Relations (structural triples)
  • requiresCapability: Contract administration; Evaluation of consulting services
  • initiates: Client Dissatisfaction with Incumbent Engineer
Literal extractions (kept for synthesis)
  • description content: The City Administrator repeatedly questions the judgment of Engineer B on several occasions during the 3-year contract period, developing dissatisfaction with the incumbent consulting firm.
  • hasAgent content: City Administrator
  • temporalMarker content: On several occasions during the contract period
  • eventRoleContext content: client representative coordinating Engineer B's work
  • hasMentalState content: deliberate
  • intendedOutcome content: Express and pursue concerns about the quality of Engineer B's professional judgment
  • foreseenUnintendedEffects content: Erosion of the working relationship with the incumbent firm
  • textReferences content: The City Administrator has questioned the judgment of Engineer B on several occasions during the contract period.
  • temporalExtent content: interval
  • temporalSequence content: 2
  • withinCompetence assessment: True
RDF JSON-LD 
{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/20#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#",
    "time": "http://www.w3.org/2006/time#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/20#Action_Consultant_Judgment_Questioning",
  "@type": "proeth:Action",
  "proeth:description": "The City Administrator repeatedly questions the judgment of Engineer B on several occasions during the 3-year contract period, developing dissatisfaction with the incumbent consulting firm.",
  "proeth:eventRoleContext": "client representative coordinating Engineer B\u0027s work",
  "proeth:foreseenUnintendedEffects": [
    "Erosion of the working relationship with the incumbent firm"
  ],
  "proeth:hasAgent": "City Administrator",
  "proeth:hasMentalState": "deliberate",
  "proeth:initiates": [
    "Client Dissatisfaction with Incumbent Engineer"
  ],
  "proeth:intendedOutcome": "Express and pursue concerns about the quality of Engineer B\u0027s professional judgment",
  "proeth:requiresCapability": [
    "Contract administration",
    "Evaluation of consulting services"
  ],
  "proeth:temporalExtent": "interval",
  "proeth:temporalMarker": "On several occasions during the contract period",
  "proeth:temporalSequence": 2,
  "proeth:textReferences": [
    "The City Administrator has questioned the judgment of Engineer B on several occasions during the contract period."
  ],
  "proeth:withinCompetence": true,
  "rdfs:label": "Consultant Judgment Questioning"
}

Description: In the final year of Engineer B's contract, the City Administrator contacts Engineer C, a competing firm with which the Administrator has previous experience, to question him on specific issues Engineer B worked on for the City, without Engineer B's knowledge.

Temporal Marker: Final year of the 3-year contract, before the next selection process instant

Fluent Transitions:
Initiates (2)
  • Engineer C Placed in Difficult Position
  • Unauthorized Peer Review of Engineer B's Work

Mental State: deliberate

Intended Outcome: Obtain a second professional opinion on specific issues Engineer B handled for the City

Foreseen Unintended Effects:

  • Giving Engineer C an opening to gain a competitive advantage in the upcoming selection
  • Review of Engineer B's work without Engineer B's knowledge
Required Capabilities:
Client oversight of consulting work
Within Competence: Yes
Field classification (triples vs literals)
Relations (structural triples)
  • requiresCapability: Client oversight of consulting work
  • initiates: Engineer C Placed in Difficult Position; Unauthorized Peer Review of Engineer B's Work
Literal extractions (kept for synthesis)
  • description content: In the final year of Engineer B's contract, the City Administrator contacts Engineer C, a competing firm with which the Administrator has previous experience, to question him on specific issues Engineer B worked on for the City, without Engineer B's knowledge.
  • hasAgent content: City Administrator
  • temporalMarker content: Final year of the 3-year contract, before the next selection process
  • eventRoleContext content: client representative and participant in the next contract selection
  • hasMentalState content: deliberate
  • intendedOutcome content: Obtain a second professional opinion on specific issues Engineer B handled for the City
  • foreseenUnintendedEffects content: Giving Engineer C an opening to gain a competitive advantage in the upcoming selection; Review of Engineer B's work without Engineer B's knowledge
  • textReferences content: The City Administrator contacts Engineer C to question him on specific issues Engineer B has worked on for the City.; In the present case, Engineer C has been put in a difficult position by Client A.
  • temporalExtent content: instant
  • temporalSequence content: 4
  • withinCompetence assessment: True
RDF JSON-LD 
{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/20#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#",
    "time": "http://www.w3.org/2006/time#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/20#Action_Competitor_Consultation",
  "@type": "proeth:Action",
  "proeth:description": "In the final year of Engineer B\u0027s contract, the City Administrator contacts Engineer C, a competing firm with which the Administrator has previous experience, to question him on specific issues Engineer B worked on for the City, without Engineer B\u0027s knowledge.",
  "proeth:eventRoleContext": "client representative and participant in the next contract selection",
  "proeth:foreseenUnintendedEffects": [
    "Giving Engineer C an opening to gain a competitive advantage in the upcoming selection",
    "Review of Engineer B\u0027s work without Engineer B\u0027s knowledge"
  ],
  "proeth:hasAgent": "City Administrator",
  "proeth:hasMentalState": "deliberate",
  "proeth:initiates": [
    "Engineer C Placed in Difficult Position",
    "Unauthorized Peer Review of Engineer B\u0027s Work"
  ],
  "proeth:intendedOutcome": "Obtain a second professional opinion on specific issues Engineer B handled for the City",
  "proeth:requiresCapability": [
    "Client oversight of consulting work"
  ],
  "proeth:temporalExtent": "instant",
  "proeth:temporalMarker": "Final year of the 3-year contract, before the next selection process",
  "proeth:temporalSequence": 4,
  "proeth:textReferences": [
    "The City Administrator contacts Engineer C to question him on specific issues Engineer B has worked on for the City.",
    "In the present case, Engineer C has been put in a difficult position by Client A."
  ],
  "proeth:withinCompetence": true,
  "rdfs:label": "Competitor Consultation"
}

Description: Engineer C answers the City Administrator's questions on specific issues Engineer B handled and criticizes Engineer B's decisions, while Engineer B is still under contract with Client A and without Engineer B's knowledge, and without knowing all the circumstances of Engineer B's work.

Temporal Marker: During the City Administrator's contact, in the final year of Engineer B's contract instant

Fluent Transitions:
Initiates (2)
  • Improper Competitive Advantage Pretext
  • Injury Risk to Engineer B's Professional Practice

Mental State: deliberate, aware of the competitive implications

Intended Outcome: Respond to the client's questions and, in doing so, position the firm advantageously for the next 3-year contract

Foreseen Unintended Effects:

  • Injury to Engineer B's professional practice
  • Giving an opinion that may be inaccurate since C did not know all the circumstances
Obligation Engagement:
Violates (3)
  • Prohibition on Obtaining Work by Untruthful Criticism or Improper Methods
  • Prohibition on Injuring the Professional Practice of Other Engineers
  • Duty Not to Review Another Engineer's Work for the Same Client Without Knowledge or Contract Termination
Required Capabilities:
Engineering judgment Knowledge of the circumstances of Engineer B's decisions
Within Competence: No
Field classification (triples vs literals)
Relations (structural triples)
  • violatesObligation: Prohibition on Obtaining Work by Untruthful Criticism or Improper Methods; Prohibition on Injuring the Professional Practice of Other Engineers; Duty Not to Review Another Engineer's Work for the Same Client Without Knowledge or Contract Termination
  • requiresCapability: Engineering judgment; Knowledge of the circumstances of Engineer B's decisions
  • initiates: Improper Competitive Advantage Pretext; Injury Risk to Engineer B's Professional Practice
Literal extractions (kept for synthesis)
  • description content: Engineer C answers the City Administrator's questions on specific issues Engineer B handled and criticizes Engineer B's decisions, while Engineer B is still under contract with Client A and without Engineer B's knowledge, and without knowing all the circumstances of Engineer B's work.
  • hasAgent content: Engineer C
  • temporalMarker content: During the City Administrator's contact, in the final year of Engineer B's contract
  • eventRoleContext content: principal of competing private consulting firm
  • hasMentalState content: deliberate, aware of the competitive implications
  • intendedOutcome content: Respond to the client's questions and, in doing so, position the firm advantageously for the next 3-year contract
  • foreseenUnintendedEffects content: Injury to Engineer B's professional practice; Giving an opinion that may be inaccurate since C did not know all the circumstances
  • textReferences content: Engineer C answers the City Administrator’s questions on the specific issues and is critical of Engineer B’s decisions.; Engineer C fully realizes that answering these questions in a certain perspective would be a pretext to gaining an advantage in the competition for the next 3-year contract.
  • temporalExtent content: instant
  • temporalSequence content: 6
  • withinCompetence assessment: False
RDF JSON-LD 
{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/20#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#",
    "time": "http://www.w3.org/2006/time#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/20#Action_Critical_Peer_Commentary",
  "@type": "proeth:Action",
  "proeth:description": "Engineer C answers the City Administrator\u0027s questions on specific issues Engineer B handled and criticizes Engineer B\u0027s decisions, while Engineer B is still under contract with Client A and without Engineer B\u0027s knowledge, and without knowing all the circumstances of Engineer B\u0027s work.",
  "proeth:eventRoleContext": "principal of competing private consulting firm",
  "proeth:foreseenUnintendedEffects": [
    "Injury to Engineer B\u0027s professional practice",
    "Giving an opinion that may be inaccurate since C did not know all the circumstances"
  ],
  "proeth:fulfillsObligation": [],
  "proeth:hasAgent": "Engineer C",
  "proeth:hasMentalState": "deliberate, aware of the competitive implications",
  "proeth:initiates": [
    "Improper Competitive Advantage Pretext",
    "Injury Risk to Engineer B\u0027s Professional Practice"
  ],
  "proeth:intendedOutcome": "Respond to the client\u0027s questions and, in doing so, position the firm advantageously for the next 3-year contract",
  "proeth:raisesObligation": [],
  "proeth:requiresCapability": [
    "Engineering judgment",
    "Knowledge of the circumstances of Engineer B\u0027s decisions"
  ],
  "proeth:temporalExtent": "instant",
  "proeth:temporalMarker": "During the City Administrator\u0027s contact, in the final year of Engineer B\u0027s contract",
  "proeth:temporalSequence": 6,
  "proeth:textReferences": [
    "Engineer C answers the City Administrator\u2019s questions on the specific issues and is critical of Engineer B\u2019s decisions.",
    "Engineer C fully realizes that answering these questions in a certain perspective would be a pretext to gaining an advantage in the competition for the next 3-year contract."
  ],
  "proeth:violatesObligation": [
    "Prohibition on Obtaining Work by Untruthful Criticism or Improper Methods",
    "Prohibition on Injuring the Professional Practice of Other Engineers",
    "Duty Not to Review Another Engineer\u0027s Work for the Same Client Without Knowledge or Contract Termination"
  ],
  "proeth:withinCompetence": false,
  "rdfs:label": "Critical Peer Commentary"
}

Description: Engineer C does not refrain from criticism and does not limit responses to general terms, commenting instead on specific issues of Engineer B's work. The discussion treats this non-performance as Engineer C's conduct, stating that C should have refrained from any criticism and avoided commenting on specific issues.

Temporal Marker: During the conversation with the City Administrator instant

Fluent Transitions:
Initiates (1)
  • Improper and Questionable Conversation

Mental State: deliberate choice not to restrain the response

Intended Outcome: Fully answer the client's specific questions rather than keeping responses general

Foreseen Unintended Effects:

  • Conversation could easily be seen as improper and questionable
  • Opinion given may not be accurate despite feeling truthful
Obligation Engagement:
Violates (1)
  • Prohibition on Obtaining Work by Untruthful Criticism or Improper Methods
Required Capabilities:
Professional discretion Judgment about scope of appropriate client communication
Within Competence: Yes
Field classification (triples vs literals)
Relations (structural triples)
  • violatesObligation: Prohibition on Obtaining Work by Untruthful Criticism or Improper Methods
  • requiresCapability: Professional discretion; Judgment about scope of appropriate client communication
  • initiates: Improper and Questionable Conversation
Literal extractions (kept for synthesis)
  • description content: Engineer C does not refrain from criticism and does not limit responses to general terms, commenting instead on specific issues of Engineer B's work. The discussion treats this non-performance as Engineer C's conduct, stating that C should have refrained from any criticism and avoided commenting on specific issues.
  • hasAgent content: Engineer C
  • temporalMarker content: During the conversation with the City Administrator
  • eventRoleContext content: principal of competing private consulting firm
  • hasMentalState content: deliberate choice not to restrain the response
  • intendedOutcome content: Fully answer the client's specific questions rather than keeping responses general
  • foreseenUnintendedEffects content: Conversation could easily be seen as improper and questionable; Opinion given may not be accurate despite feeling truthful
  • textReferences content: Engineer C should have refrained from any criticism. While Engineer C could answer Client A’s questions in a very general sense, C should have avoided commenting on specific issues.; Engineer C’s conversation with Client A could easily be seen as improper and questionable since, during the conversation with the City Administrator, Engineer C was not fully cognizant of Engineer B’s situation.
  • temporalExtent content: instant
  • temporalSequence content: 7
  • withinCompetence assessment: True
RDF JSON-LD 
{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/20#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#",
    "time": "http://www.w3.org/2006/time#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/20#Action_Failure_to_Refrain",
  "@type": "proeth:Action",
  "proeth:description": "Engineer C does not refrain from criticism and does not limit responses to general terms, commenting instead on specific issues of Engineer B\u0027s work. The discussion treats this non-performance as Engineer C\u0027s conduct, stating that C should have refrained from any criticism and avoided commenting on specific issues.",
  "proeth:eventRoleContext": "principal of competing private consulting firm",
  "proeth:foreseenUnintendedEffects": [
    "Conversation could easily be seen as improper and questionable",
    "Opinion given may not be accurate despite feeling truthful"
  ],
  "proeth:fulfillsObligation": [],
  "proeth:hasAgent": "Engineer C",
  "proeth:hasMentalState": "deliberate choice not to restrain the response",
  "proeth:initiates": [
    "Improper and Questionable Conversation"
  ],
  "proeth:intendedOutcome": "Fully answer the client\u0027s specific questions rather than keeping responses general",
  "proeth:raisesObligation": [],
  "proeth:requiresCapability": [
    "Professional discretion",
    "Judgment about scope of appropriate client communication"
  ],
  "proeth:temporalExtent": "instant",
  "proeth:temporalMarker": "During the conversation with the City Administrator",
  "proeth:temporalSequence": 7,
  "proeth:textReferences": [
    "Engineer C should have refrained from any criticism. While Engineer C could answer Client A\u2019s questions in a very general sense, C should have avoided commenting on specific issues.",
    "Engineer C\u2019s conversation with Client A could easily be seen as improper and questionable since, during the conversation with the City Administrator, Engineer C was not fully cognizant of Engineer B\u2019s situation."
  ],
  "proeth:violatesObligation": [
    "Prohibition on Obtaining Work by Untruthful Criticism or Improper Methods"
  ],
  "proeth:withinCompetence": true,
  "rdfs:label": "Failure to Refrain"
}
Extracted Events (4)
Occurrences that trigger ethical considerations and state changes

Description: The consulting services contract between Client A (the city) and Engineer B's firm takes effect, running for a 3-year term and placing Engineer B under contract with the city.

Temporal Marker: Start of the 3-year contract period instant

Fluent Transitions:
Initiates (2)
  • Active Contract State
  • Ongoing Client Engagement
Field classification (triples vs literals)
Relations (structural triples)
  • initiates: Active Contract State; Ongoing Client Engagement
Literal extractions (kept for synthesis)
  • description content: The consulting services contract between Client A (the city) and Engineer B's firm takes effect, running for a 3-year term and placing Engineer B under contract with the city.
  • temporalMarker content: Start of the 3-year contract period
  • textReferences content: Client A is a city which receives consulting engineering services from a selected private firm. The contract runs for 3 years.
  • eventType content: outcome
  • temporalExtent content: instant
  • temporalSequence content: 1
  • confidence assessment: 0.75
RDF JSON-LD 
{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/20#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#",
    "time": "http://www.w3.org/2006/time#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/20#Event_Contract_Commencement",
  "@type": "proeth:Event",
  "proeth:confidence": "0.75",
  "proeth:description": "The consulting services contract between Client A (the city) and Engineer B\u0027s firm takes effect, running for a 3-year term and placing Engineer B under contract with the city.",
  "proeth:eventType": "outcome",
  "proeth:initiates": [
    "Active Contract State",
    "Ongoing Client Engagement"
  ],
  "proeth:temporalExtent": "instant",
  "proeth:temporalMarker": "Start of the 3-year contract period",
  "proeth:temporalSequence": 1,
  "proeth:textReferences": [
    "Client A is a city which receives consulting engineering services from a selected private firm. The contract runs for 3 years."
  ],
  "rdfs:label": "Contract Commencement"
}

Description: The 3-year contract enters its final year through the passage of time, bringing the selection process for the next 3-year contract into view, a process in which the City Administrator will be heavily involved.

Temporal Marker: Beginning of the third year of the contract instant

Fluent Transitions:
Initiates (2)
  • Contract Nearing Expiration
  • Pending Contract Selection
Field classification (triples vs literals)
Relations (structural triples)
  • initiates: Contract Nearing Expiration; Pending Contract Selection
Literal extractions (kept for synthesis)
  • description content: The 3-year contract enters its final year through the passage of time, bringing the selection process for the next 3-year contract into view, a process in which the City Administrator will be heavily involved.
  • temporalMarker content: Beginning of the third year of the contract
  • textReferences content: Engineer B is currently hired under these contract terms and is in the final year of the 3-year contract.; The City Administrator will also be heavily involved in the effort to select the consulting firm for the next 3-year contract.
  • eventType content: automatic
  • temporalExtent content: instant
  • temporalSequence content: 3
  • confidence assessment: 0.9
RDF JSON-LD 
{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/20#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#",
    "time": "http://www.w3.org/2006/time#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/20#Event_Final_Contract_Year_Onset",
  "@type": "proeth:Event",
  "proeth:confidence": "0.9",
  "proeth:description": "The 3-year contract enters its final year through the passage of time, bringing the selection process for the next 3-year contract into view, a process in which the City Administrator will be heavily involved.",
  "proeth:eventType": "automatic",
  "proeth:initiates": [
    "Contract Nearing Expiration",
    "Pending Contract Selection"
  ],
  "proeth:temporalExtent": "instant",
  "proeth:temporalMarker": "Beginning of the third year of the contract",
  "proeth:temporalSequence": 3,
  "proeth:textReferences": [
    "Engineer B is currently hired under these contract terms and is in the final year of the 3-year contract.",
    "The City Administrator will also be heavily involved in the effort to select the consulting firm for the next 3-year contract."
  ],
  "rdfs:label": "Final Contract Year Onset"
}

Description: As a consequence of the City Administrator's inquiry, Engineer C is put in a difficult position, being asked to evaluate another engineer's work in circumstances where a critical answer could yield a competitive advantage.

Temporal Marker: When the City Administrator contacts Engineer C with questions about Engineer B's work instant

Fluent Transitions:
Initiates (2)
  • Ethical Dilemma State
  • Peer Evaluation Request Pending

Caused By Action: Action_Competitor_Consultation

Field classification (triples vs literals)
Relations (structural triples)
  • causedByAction: http://proethica.org/ontology/case/20#Action_Competitor_Consultation
  • initiates: Ethical Dilemma State; Peer Evaluation Request Pending
Literal extractions (kept for synthesis)
  • description content: As a consequence of the City Administrator's inquiry, Engineer C is put in a difficult position, being asked to evaluate another engineer's work in circumstances where a critical answer could yield a competitive advantage.
  • temporalMarker content: When the City Administrator contacts Engineer C with questions about Engineer B's work
  • textReferences content: In the present case, Engineer C has been put in a difficult position by Client A.; Engineer C has been asked to evaluate another engineer’s work, which in turn could give Engineer C a significant advantage in securing future work.
  • eventType content: outcome
  • temporalExtent content: instant
  • temporalSequence content: 5
  • confidence assessment: 0.88
RDF JSON-LD 
{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/20#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#",
    "time": "http://www.w3.org/2006/time#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/20#Event_Difficult_Position_Placement",
  "@type": "proeth:Event",
  "proeth:causedByAction": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/20#Action_Competitor_Consultation",
  "proeth:confidence": "0.88",
  "proeth:description": "As a consequence of the City Administrator\u0027s inquiry, Engineer C is put in a difficult position, being asked to evaluate another engineer\u0027s work in circumstances where a critical answer could yield a competitive advantage.",
  "proeth:eventType": "outcome",
  "proeth:initiates": [
    "Ethical Dilemma State",
    "Peer Evaluation Request Pending"
  ],
  "proeth:temporalExtent": "instant",
  "proeth:temporalMarker": "When the City Administrator contacts Engineer C with questions about Engineer B\u0027s work",
  "proeth:temporalSequence": 5,
  "proeth:textReferences": [
    "In the present case, Engineer C has been put in a difficult position by Client A.",
    "Engineer C has been asked to evaluate another engineer\u2019s work, which in turn could give Engineer C a significant advantage in securing future work."
  ],
  "rdfs:label": "Difficult Position Placement"
}

Description: Engineer C's critical answers to the City Administrator create the prospect of a competitive advantage in the upcoming selection for the next 3-year contract, a pretext Engineer C fully realized.

Temporal Marker: Following Engineer C's critical answers to the City Administrator instant

Fluent Transitions:
Initiates (1)
  • Potential Competitive Advantage

Caused By Action: Action_Critical_Peer_Commentary

Field classification (triples vs literals)
Relations (structural triples)
  • causedByAction: http://proethica.org/ontology/case/20#Action_Critical_Peer_Commentary
  • initiates: Potential Competitive Advantage
Literal extractions (kept for synthesis)
  • description content: Engineer C's critical answers to the City Administrator create the prospect of a competitive advantage in the upcoming selection for the next 3-year contract, a pretext Engineer C fully realized.
  • temporalMarker content: Following Engineer C's critical answers to the City Administrator
  • textReferences content: Engineer C fully realizes that answering these questions in a certain perspective would be a pretext to gaining an advantage in the competition for the next 3-year contract.; which in turn could give Engineer C a significant advantage in securing future work
  • eventType content: outcome
  • temporalExtent content: instant
  • temporalSequence content: 8
  • confidence assessment: 0.8
RDF JSON-LD 
{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/20#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#",
    "time": "http://www.w3.org/2006/time#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/20#Event_Potential_Advantage_Emergence",
  "@type": "proeth:Event",
  "proeth:causedByAction": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/20#Action_Critical_Peer_Commentary",
  "proeth:confidence": "0.8",
  "proeth:description": "Engineer C\u0027s critical answers to the City Administrator create the prospect of a competitive advantage in the upcoming selection for the next 3-year contract, a pretext Engineer C fully realized.",
  "proeth:eventType": "outcome",
  "proeth:initiates": [
    "Potential Competitive Advantage"
  ],
  "proeth:temporalExtent": "instant",
  "proeth:temporalMarker": "Following Engineer C\u0027s critical answers to the City Administrator",
  "proeth:temporalSequence": 8,
  "proeth:textReferences": [
    "Engineer C fully realizes that answering these questions in a certain perspective would be a pretext to gaining an advantage in the competition for the next 3-year contract.",
    "which in turn could give Engineer C a significant advantage in securing future work"
  ],
  "rdfs:label": "Potential Advantage Emergence"
}
Causal Chains (5)
NESS test analysis: Necessary Element of Sufficient Set

Causal Language: The City Administrator has questioned the judgment of Engineer B on several occasions during the contract period. The City Administrator also has previous experiences with a competing firm, Engineer C. The City Administrator contacts Engineer C to question him on specific issues Engineer B has worked on for the City.

Necessary Factors (NESS):
  • City Administrator's repeated doubts about Engineer B's judgment
  • City Administrator's authority to coordinate Engineer B's work and involvement in the next selection
  • City Administrator's previous experiences with competing firm Engineer C
Sufficient Factors:
  • Combination of accumulated doubts about Engineer B + prior relationship with Engineer C + the Administrator's role in the upcoming selection process
Counterfactual Test: Without the Administrator's repeated questioning of Engineer B's judgment, there would have been no motivation to seek an outside critique from a competing firm; the consultation would likely not have occurred
Responsibility Attribution:

Agent: City Administrator
Type: direct
Within Agent Control: Yes

Causal Sequence:
  1. Consultant Judgment Questioning
    City Administrator repeatedly questions Engineer B's judgment during the contract period
  2. Final Contract Year Onset
    The contract enters its final year, making the next 3-year selection imminent
  3. Competitor Consultation
    City Administrator contacts competing Engineer C to question him on specific issues Engineer B handled
Field classification (triples vs literals)
Relations (structural triples)
  • cause: Consultant Judgment Questioning
  • effect: Competitor Consultation
  • responsibleAgent: City Administrator
Literal extractions (kept for synthesis)
  • causalLanguage content: The City Administrator has questioned the judgment of Engineer B on several occasions during the contract period. The City Administrator also has previous experiences with a competing firm, Engineer C. The City Administrator contacts Engineer C to question him on specific issues Engineer B has worked on for the City.
  • necessaryFactors content: City Administrator's repeated doubts about Engineer B's judgment; City Administrator's authority to coordinate Engineer B's work and involvement in the next selection; City Administrator's previous experiences with competing firm Engineer C
  • sufficientFactors content: Combination of accumulated doubts about Engineer B + prior relationship with Engineer C + the Administrator's role in the upcoming selection process
  • counterfactual content: Without the Administrator's repeated questioning of Engineer B's judgment, there would have been no motivation to seek an outside critique from a competing firm; the consultation would likely not have occurred
  • causalSequence content: {'proeth:step': 1, 'proeth:element': 'Consultant Judgment Questioning', 'proeth:description': "City Administrator repeatedly questions Engineer B's judgment during the contract period"}; {'proeth:step': 2, 'proeth:element': 'Final Contract Year Onset', 'proeth:description': 'The contract enters its final year, making the next 3-year selection imminent'}; {'proeth:step': 3, 'proeth:element': 'Competitor Consultation', 'proeth:description': 'City Administrator contacts competing Engineer C to question him on specific issues Engineer B handled'}
  • responsibilityType assessment: direct
  • withinAgentControl assessment: True
RDF JSON-LD 
{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/20#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/20#CausalChain_1",
  "@type": "proeth:CausalChain",
  "proeth:causalLanguage": "The City Administrator has questioned the judgment of Engineer B on several occasions during the contract period. The City Administrator also has previous experiences with a competing firm, Engineer C. The City Administrator contacts Engineer C to question him on specific issues Engineer B has worked on for the City.",
  "proeth:causalSequence": [
    {
      "proeth:description": "City Administrator repeatedly questions Engineer B\u0027s judgment during the contract period",
      "proeth:element": "Consultant Judgment Questioning",
      "proeth:step": 1
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "The contract enters its final year, making the next 3-year selection imminent",
      "proeth:element": "Final Contract Year Onset",
      "proeth:step": 2
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "City Administrator contacts competing Engineer C to question him on specific issues Engineer B handled",
      "proeth:element": "Competitor Consultation",
      "proeth:step": 3
    }
  ],
  "proeth:cause": "Consultant Judgment Questioning",
  "proeth:counterfactual": "Without the Administrator\u0027s repeated questioning of Engineer B\u0027s judgment, there would have been no motivation to seek an outside critique from a competing firm; the consultation would likely not have occurred",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "facts",
  "proeth:effect": "Competitor Consultation",
  "proeth:necessaryFactors": [
    "City Administrator\u0027s repeated doubts about Engineer B\u0027s judgment",
    "City Administrator\u0027s authority to coordinate Engineer B\u0027s work and involvement in the next selection",
    "City Administrator\u0027s previous experiences with competing firm Engineer C"
  ],
  "proeth:responsibilityType": "direct",
  "proeth:responsibleAgent": "City Administrator",
  "proeth:sufficientFactors": [
    "Combination of accumulated doubts about Engineer B + prior relationship with Engineer C + the Administrator\u0027s role in the upcoming selection process"
  ],
  "proeth:withinAgentControl": true
}

Causal Language: In the present case, Engineer C has been put in a difficult position by Client A. Engineer C has been asked to evaluate another engineer’s work, which in turn could give Engineer C a significant advantage in securing future work.

Necessary Factors (NESS):
  • City Administrator's inquiry directed specifically at Engineer C
  • Questions concerning specific issues Engineer B worked on
  • Engineer C's status as a competitor for the upcoming 3-year contract
Sufficient Factors:
  • Being asked by a prospective client's decision-maker to evaluate a competitor's ongoing work while a lucrative contract selection is pending
Counterfactual Test: Had the City Administrator not contacted Engineer C with specific questions about Engineer B's work, Engineer C would not have faced the conflict between candor and improper competitive advantage
Responsibility Attribution:

Agent: City Administrator
Type: direct
Within Agent Control: Yes

Causal Sequence:
  1. Competitor Consultation
    City Administrator contacts Engineer C to question him on specific issues Engineer B worked on
  2. Difficult Position Placement
    Engineer C is placed in a difficult position: evaluating a competitor's work while that evaluation could secure future work
Field classification (triples vs literals)
Relations (structural triples)
  • cause: Competitor Consultation
  • effect: Difficult Position Placement
  • responsibleAgent: City Administrator
Literal extractions (kept for synthesis)
  • causalLanguage content: In the present case, Engineer C has been put in a difficult position by Client A. Engineer C has been asked to evaluate another engineer’s work, which in turn could give Engineer C a significant advantage in securing future work.
  • necessaryFactors content: City Administrator's inquiry directed specifically at Engineer C; Questions concerning specific issues Engineer B worked on; Engineer C's status as a competitor for the upcoming 3-year contract
  • sufficientFactors content: Being asked by a prospective client's decision-maker to evaluate a competitor's ongoing work while a lucrative contract selection is pending
  • counterfactual content: Had the City Administrator not contacted Engineer C with specific questions about Engineer B's work, Engineer C would not have faced the conflict between candor and improper competitive advantage
  • causalSequence content: {'proeth:step': 1, 'proeth:element': 'Competitor Consultation', 'proeth:description': 'City Administrator contacts Engineer C to question him on specific issues Engineer B worked on'}; {'proeth:step': 2, 'proeth:element': 'Difficult Position Placement', 'proeth:description': "Engineer C is placed in a difficult position: evaluating a competitor's work while that evaluation could secure future work"}
  • responsibilityType assessment: direct
  • withinAgentControl assessment: True
RDF JSON-LD 
{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/20#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/20#CausalChain_2",
  "@type": "proeth:CausalChain",
  "proeth:causalLanguage": "In the present case, Engineer C has been put in a difficult position by Client A. Engineer C has been asked to evaluate another engineer\u2019s work, which in turn could give Engineer C a significant advantage in securing future work.",
  "proeth:causalSequence": [
    {
      "proeth:description": "City Administrator contacts Engineer C to question him on specific issues Engineer B worked on",
      "proeth:element": "Competitor Consultation",
      "proeth:step": 1
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "Engineer C is placed in a difficult position: evaluating a competitor\u0027s work while that evaluation could secure future work",
      "proeth:element": "Difficult Position Placement",
      "proeth:step": 2
    }
  ],
  "proeth:cause": "Competitor Consultation",
  "proeth:counterfactual": "Had the City Administrator not contacted Engineer C with specific questions about Engineer B\u0027s work, Engineer C would not have faced the conflict between candor and improper competitive advantage",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "discussion",
  "proeth:effect": "Difficult Position Placement",
  "proeth:necessaryFactors": [
    "City Administrator\u0027s inquiry directed specifically at Engineer C",
    "Questions concerning specific issues Engineer B worked on",
    "Engineer C\u0027s status as a competitor for the upcoming 3-year contract"
  ],
  "proeth:responsibilityType": "direct",
  "proeth:responsibleAgent": "City Administrator",
  "proeth:sufficientFactors": [
    "Being asked by a prospective client\u0027s decision-maker to evaluate a competitor\u0027s ongoing work while a lucrative contract selection is pending"
  ],
  "proeth:withinAgentControl": true
}

Causal Language: Engineer C fully realizes that answering these questions in a certain perspective would be a pretext to gaining an advantage in the competition for the next 3-year contract. Engineer C answers the City Administrator’s questions on the specific issues and is critical of Engineer B’s decisions.

Necessary Factors (NESS):
  • The City Administrator's specific questions presenting Engineer C with a choice
  • Engineer C's willingness to answer on specific issues
  • Engineer C's awareness of the potential competitive advantage
Sufficient Factors:
  • The inquiry plus Engineer C's volitional decision to answer critically rather than refrain or respond only in general terms
Counterfactual Test: Even given the difficult position, Engineer C could have refrained from criticism or answered only in a very general sense; the critical commentary would not have occurred without Engineer C's own choice
Responsibility Attribution:

Agent: Engineer C
Type: shared
Within Agent Control: Yes

Causal Sequence:
  1. Difficult Position Placement
    Engineer C is asked to evaluate Engineer B's work, knowing this could yield a competitive advantage
  2. Failure to Refrain
    Engineer C chooses not to refrain from criticism or limit answers to general terms
  3. Critical Peer Commentary
    Engineer C answers on specific issues and is critical of Engineer B's decisions
Field classification (triples vs literals)
Relations (structural triples)
  • cause: Difficult Position Placement
  • effect: Critical Peer Commentary
  • responsibleAgent: Engineer C
Literal extractions (kept for synthesis)
  • causalLanguage content: Engineer C fully realizes that answering these questions in a certain perspective would be a pretext to gaining an advantage in the competition for the next 3-year contract. Engineer C answers the City Administrator’s questions on the specific issues and is critical of Engineer B’s decisions.
  • necessaryFactors content: The City Administrator's specific questions presenting Engineer C with a choice; Engineer C's willingness to answer on specific issues; Engineer C's awareness of the potential competitive advantage
  • sufficientFactors content: The inquiry plus Engineer C's volitional decision to answer critically rather than refrain or respond only in general terms
  • counterfactual content: Even given the difficult position, Engineer C could have refrained from criticism or answered only in a very general sense; the critical commentary would not have occurred without Engineer C's own choice
  • causalSequence content: {'proeth:step': 1, 'proeth:element': 'Difficult Position Placement', 'proeth:description': "Engineer C is asked to evaluate Engineer B's work, knowing this could yield a competitive advantage"}; {'proeth:step': 2, 'proeth:element': 'Failure to Refrain', 'proeth:description': 'Engineer C chooses not to refrain from criticism or limit answers to general terms'}; {'proeth:step': 3, 'proeth:element': 'Critical Peer Commentary', 'proeth:description': "Engineer C answers on specific issues and is critical of Engineer B's decisions"}
  • responsibilityType assessment: shared
  • withinAgentControl assessment: True
RDF JSON-LD 
{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/20#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/20#CausalChain_3",
  "@type": "proeth:CausalChain",
  "proeth:causalLanguage": "Engineer C fully realizes that answering these questions in a certain perspective would be a pretext to gaining an advantage in the competition for the next 3-year contract. Engineer C answers the City Administrator\u2019s questions on the specific issues and is critical of Engineer B\u2019s decisions.",
  "proeth:causalSequence": [
    {
      "proeth:description": "Engineer C is asked to evaluate Engineer B\u0027s work, knowing this could yield a competitive advantage",
      "proeth:element": "Difficult Position Placement",
      "proeth:step": 1
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "Engineer C chooses not to refrain from criticism or limit answers to general terms",
      "proeth:element": "Failure to Refrain",
      "proeth:step": 2
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "Engineer C answers on specific issues and is critical of Engineer B\u0027s decisions",
      "proeth:element": "Critical Peer Commentary",
      "proeth:step": 3
    }
  ],
  "proeth:cause": "Difficult Position Placement",
  "proeth:counterfactual": "Even given the difficult position, Engineer C could have refrained from criticism or answered only in a very general sense; the critical commentary would not have occurred without Engineer C\u0027s own choice",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "facts",
  "proeth:effect": "Critical Peer Commentary",
  "proeth:necessaryFactors": [
    "The City Administrator\u0027s specific questions presenting Engineer C with a choice",
    "Engineer C\u0027s willingness to answer on specific issues",
    "Engineer C\u0027s awareness of the potential competitive advantage"
  ],
  "proeth:responsibilityType": "shared",
  "proeth:responsibleAgent": "Engineer C",
  "proeth:sufficientFactors": [
    "The inquiry plus Engineer C\u0027s volitional decision to answer critically rather than refrain or respond only in general terms"
  ],
  "proeth:withinAgentControl": true
}

Causal Language: Engineer C fully realizes that answering these questions in a certain perspective would be a pretext to gaining an advantage in the competition for the next 3-year contract.

Necessary Factors (NESS):
  • Engineer C's critical answers on specific issues Engineer B handled
  • The listener (City Administrator) being heavily involved in selecting the next consulting firm
  • The upcoming competition for the next 3-year contract
Sufficient Factors:
  • Critical commentary about the incumbent delivered directly to the key decision-maker in a pending selection process
Counterfactual Test: If Engineer C had refrained from criticism or spoken only in general terms, no improper competitive advantage would have emerged from the conversation
Responsibility Attribution:

Agent: Engineer C
Type: direct
Within Agent Control: Yes

Causal Sequence:
  1. Critical Peer Commentary
    Engineer C criticizes Engineer B's decisions on specific issues to the City Administrator
  2. Potential Advantage Emergence
    The critical answers create the prospect of a competitive advantage for Engineer C in the next 3-year contract selection
Field classification (triples vs literals)
Relations (structural triples)
  • cause: Critical Peer Commentary
  • effect: Potential Advantage Emergence
  • responsibleAgent: Engineer C
Literal extractions (kept for synthesis)
  • causalLanguage content: Engineer C fully realizes that answering these questions in a certain perspective would be a pretext to gaining an advantage in the competition for the next 3-year contract.
  • necessaryFactors content: Engineer C's critical answers on specific issues Engineer B handled; The listener (City Administrator) being heavily involved in selecting the next consulting firm; The upcoming competition for the next 3-year contract
  • sufficientFactors content: Critical commentary about the incumbent delivered directly to the key decision-maker in a pending selection process
  • counterfactual content: If Engineer C had refrained from criticism or spoken only in general terms, no improper competitive advantage would have emerged from the conversation
  • causalSequence content: {'proeth:step': 1, 'proeth:element': 'Critical Peer Commentary', 'proeth:description': "Engineer C criticizes Engineer B's decisions on specific issues to the City Administrator"}; {'proeth:step': 2, 'proeth:element': 'Potential Advantage Emergence', 'proeth:description': 'The critical answers create the prospect of a competitive advantage for Engineer C in the next 3-year contract selection'}
  • responsibilityType assessment: direct
  • withinAgentControl assessment: True
RDF JSON-LD 
{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/20#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/20#CausalChain_4",
  "@type": "proeth:CausalChain",
  "proeth:causalLanguage": "Engineer C fully realizes that answering these questions in a certain perspective would be a pretext to gaining an advantage in the competition for the next 3-year contract.",
  "proeth:causalSequence": [
    {
      "proeth:description": "Engineer C criticizes Engineer B\u0027s decisions on specific issues to the City Administrator",
      "proeth:element": "Critical Peer Commentary",
      "proeth:step": 1
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "The critical answers create the prospect of a competitive advantage for Engineer C in the next 3-year contract selection",
      "proeth:element": "Potential Advantage Emergence",
      "proeth:step": 2
    }
  ],
  "proeth:cause": "Critical Peer Commentary",
  "proeth:counterfactual": "If Engineer C had refrained from criticism or spoken only in general terms, no improper competitive advantage would have emerged from the conversation",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "facts",
  "proeth:effect": "Potential Advantage Emergence",
  "proeth:necessaryFactors": [
    "Engineer C\u0027s critical answers on specific issues Engineer B handled",
    "The listener (City Administrator) being heavily involved in selecting the next consulting firm",
    "The upcoming competition for the next 3-year contract"
  ],
  "proeth:responsibilityType": "direct",
  "proeth:responsibleAgent": "Engineer C",
  "proeth:sufficientFactors": [
    "Critical commentary about the incumbent delivered directly to the key decision-maker in a pending selection process"
  ],
  "proeth:withinAgentControl": true
}

Causal Language: Engineer C should have refrained from any criticism. While Engineer C could answer Client A’s questions in a very general sense, C should have avoided commenting on specific issues.

Necessary Factors (NESS):
  • Engineer C's decision not to limit responses to general terms
  • Commentary on specific issues Engineer B handled
  • Engineer B's lack of knowledge of the review while still under contract
Sufficient Factors:
  • Choosing specific criticism over refusal or generality, combined with the pending contract competition
Counterfactual Test: Had Engineer C refrained from criticism and avoided specific issues, the conversation would not constitute an improper or questionable method of obtaining professional engagements, and the improper advantage would not have arisen
Responsibility Attribution:

Agent: Engineer C
Type: direct
Within Agent Control: Yes

Causal Sequence:
  1. Failure to Refrain
    Engineer C does not refrain from criticism and does not limit responses to general terms
  2. Critical Peer Commentary
    Specific, critical commentary on Engineer B's decisions is delivered to the City Administrator
  3. Potential Advantage Emergence
    An improper competitive advantage emerges for Engineer C in the next contract selection, raising Code Section III.6 concerns
Field classification (triples vs literals)
Relations (structural triples)
  • cause: Failure to Refrain
  • effect: Potential Advantage Emergence
  • responsibleAgent: Engineer C
Literal extractions (kept for synthesis)
  • causalLanguage content: Engineer C should have refrained from any criticism. While Engineer C could answer Client A’s questions in a very general sense, C should have avoided commenting on specific issues.
  • necessaryFactors content: Engineer C's decision not to limit responses to general terms; Commentary on specific issues Engineer B handled; Engineer B's lack of knowledge of the review while still under contract
  • sufficientFactors content: Choosing specific criticism over refusal or generality, combined with the pending contract competition
  • counterfactual content: Had Engineer C refrained from criticism and avoided specific issues, the conversation would not constitute an improper or questionable method of obtaining professional engagements, and the improper advantage would not have arisen
  • causalSequence content: {'proeth:step': 1, 'proeth:element': 'Failure to Refrain', 'proeth:description': 'Engineer C does not refrain from criticism and does not limit responses to general terms'}; {'proeth:step': 2, 'proeth:element': 'Critical Peer Commentary', 'proeth:description': "Specific, critical commentary on Engineer B's decisions is delivered to the City Administrator"}; {'proeth:step': 3, 'proeth:element': 'Potential Advantage Emergence', 'proeth:description': 'An improper competitive advantage emerges for Engineer C in the next contract selection, raising Code Section III.6 concerns'}
  • responsibilityType assessment: direct
  • withinAgentControl assessment: True
RDF JSON-LD 
{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/20#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/20#CausalChain_5",
  "@type": "proeth:CausalChain",
  "proeth:causalLanguage": "Engineer C should have refrained from any criticism. While Engineer C could answer Client A\u2019s questions in a very general sense, C should have avoided commenting on specific issues.",
  "proeth:causalSequence": [
    {
      "proeth:description": "Engineer C does not refrain from criticism and does not limit responses to general terms",
      "proeth:element": "Failure to Refrain",
      "proeth:step": 1
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "Specific, critical commentary on Engineer B\u0027s decisions is delivered to the City Administrator",
      "proeth:element": "Critical Peer Commentary",
      "proeth:step": 2
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "An improper competitive advantage emerges for Engineer C in the next contract selection, raising Code Section III.6 concerns",
      "proeth:element": "Potential Advantage Emergence",
      "proeth:step": 3
    }
  ],
  "proeth:cause": "Failure to Refrain",
  "proeth:counterfactual": "Had Engineer C refrained from criticism and avoided specific issues, the conversation would not constitute an improper or questionable method of obtaining professional engagements, and the improper advantage would not have arisen",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "discussion",
  "proeth:effect": "Potential Advantage Emergence",
  "proeth:necessaryFactors": [
    "Engineer C\u0027s decision not to limit responses to general terms",
    "Commentary on specific issues Engineer B handled",
    "Engineer B\u0027s lack of knowledge of the review while still under contract"
  ],
  "proeth:responsibilityType": "direct",
  "proeth:responsibleAgent": "Engineer C",
  "proeth:sufficientFactors": [
    "Choosing specific criticism over refusal or generality, combined with the pending contract competition"
  ],
  "proeth:withinAgentControl": true
}
Allen Temporal Relations (8)
Interval algebra relationships with OWL-Time standard properties
From Entity Allen Relation To Entity OWL-Time Property Evidence
City Administrator questioning Engineer B's judgment during
Entity1 occurs entirely within the duration of Entity2 		Engineer B's 3-year contract time:intervalDuring
http://www.w3.org/2006/time#intervalDuring 		The City Administrator has questioned the judgment of Engineer B on several occasions during the con... [more]
City Administrator contacting Engineer C / Engineer C's criticism of Engineer B during
Entity1 occurs entirely within the duration of Entity2 		Engineer B's 3-year contract time:intervalDuring
http://www.w3.org/2006/time#intervalDuring 		Engineer C voiced this criticism while Engineer B was still under contract with Client A
City Administrator's contact with Engineer C during
Entity1 occurs entirely within the duration of Entity2 		final year of Engineer B's contract time:intervalDuring
http://www.w3.org/2006/time#intervalDuring 		In the final year of the contract... the Administrator contacts Engineer C, a competitor with whom t... [more]
Engineer C's criticism of Engineer B before
Entity1 is before Entity2 		selection process for the next 3-year contract time:intervalBefore
http://www.w3.org/2006/time#intervalBefore 		Engineer C fully realizes that answering these questions in a certain perspective would be a pretext... [more]
City Administrator's previous experiences with Engineer C before
Entity1 is before Entity2 		City Administrator contacting Engineer C about Engineer B's work time:intervalBefore
http://www.w3.org/2006/time#intervalBefore 		The City Administrator also has previous experiences with a competing firm, Engineer C. The City Adm... [more]
Engineer B's current 3-year contract before
Entity1 is before Entity2 		next 3-year contract time:intervalBefore
http://www.w3.org/2006/time#intervalBefore 		The City Administrator will also be heavily involved in the effort to select the consulting firm for... [more]
Engineer C's review of Engineer B's work during
Entity1 occurs entirely within the duration of Entity2 		period without Engineer B's knowledge of the review time:intervalDuring
http://www.w3.org/2006/time#intervalDuring 		Engineer B had no knowledge of Client A's conversation with Engineer C.
Engineer B's work on specific issues for the City before
Entity1 is before Entity2 		Engineer C answering the Administrator's questions on those issues time:intervalBefore
http://www.w3.org/2006/time#intervalBefore 		The City Administrator contacts Engineer C to question him on specific issues Engineer B has worked ... [more]
About Allen Relations & OWL-Time

Allen's Interval Algebra provides 13 basic temporal relations between intervals. These relations are mapped to OWL-Time standard properties for interoperability with Semantic Web temporal reasoning systems and SPARQL queries.

Each relation includes both a ProEthica custom property and a time:* OWL-Time property for maximum compatibility.

Back to Extraction Continue to Step 4

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