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Overview
Provenance Draft

PASS 3: Temporal Dynamics

Case 22: Sharing As-Built Drawings

23 entities 4 actions 3 events 4 causal chains 11 temporal relations
Timeline Overview
Action Event 7 sequenced markers
Bid Advertisement Issuance Pre-bid, at advertisement stage
As-Built Drawing Provision Post-bid, post-award
Continued Informal Sharing Over time, across subsequent projects
Formal Process Initiation Going forward, prescribed future action
Bid Opening After bid advertisement period closes
Post-Award Drawing Request After bids are opened and contracts are awarded
Pre-Bid Request Pattern Over time, after repeated post-award sharing
OWL-Time Temporal Structure 11 relations time: = w3.org/2006/time
bid opening time:intervalBefore contract award
advertisement of bids on renovation projects time:intervalBefore bid opening
contract award time:intervalBefore successful contractor's request for as-built drawings
contractor's request for as-built drawings time:intervalBefore Engineer D provides the drawings
Engineer D's past provision of drawings post-award time:intervalBefore contractors requesting drawings during advertisement period
contractors' new requests for as-built drawings time:intervalDuring project advertisement period
contractors' new requests for as-built drawings time:intervalBefore bid submission
D's provision of as-built drawings (past practice) time:intervalAfter bid openings
hypothetical selective information sharing time:intervalBefore bid opening
current informal sharing practice time:intervalBefore prescribed formal process for including as-builts
prohibited selective sharing of as-builts time:intervalBefore bid submission/opening
Extracted Actions (4)
Volitional professional decisions with intentions and ethical context

Description: The state agency advertised for bids on major building renovation projects with bid documents that made no reference to existing as-builts or drawings for bidders' or the awarded contractor's use.

Temporal Marker: Pre-bid, at advertisement stage instant

Fluent Transitions:
Initiates (1)
  • As-Builts Not Referenced in Bid Documents

Mental State: deliberate

Intended Outcome: Solicit bids for major building renovation projects

Foreseen Unintended Effects:

  • Bidders lack reference to existing as-built drawings during bidding
Required Capabilities:
Public procurement administration
Within Competence: Yes
Field classification (triples vs literals)
Relations (structural triples)
  • requiresCapability: Public procurement administration
  • initiates: As-Builts Not Referenced in Bid Documents
Literal extractions (kept for synthesis)
  • description content: The state agency advertised for bids on major building renovation projects with bid documents that made no reference to existing as-builts or drawings for bidders' or the awarded contractor's use.
  • hasAgent content: State agency
  • temporalMarker content: Pre-bid, at advertisement stage
  • eventRoleContext content: Engineer D's employer
  • hasMentalState content: deliberate
  • intendedOutcome content: Solicit bids for major building renovation projects
  • foreseenUnintendedEffects content: Bidders lack reference to existing as-built drawings during bidding
  • textReferences content: The agency advertises for bids on major building renovation projects; the bid documents made no reference to existing as-builts or drawings for the bidders’ or awarded contractor’s use.
  • temporalExtent content: instant
  • temporalSequence content: 1
  • withinCompetence assessment: True
RDF JSON-LD 
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  "@context": {
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  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/22#Action_Bid_Advertisement_Issuance",
  "@type": "proeth:Action",
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  "proeth:description": "The state agency advertised for bids on major building renovation projects with bid documents that made no reference to existing as-builts or drawings for bidders\u0027 or the awarded contractor\u0027s use.",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "facts",
  "proeth:eventRoleContext": "Engineer D\u0027s employer",
  "proeth:foreseenUnintendedEffects": [
    "Bidders lack reference to existing as-built drawings during bidding"
  ],
  "proeth:hasAgent": "State agency",
  "proeth:hasMentalState": "deliberate",
  "proeth:initiates": [
    "As-Builts Not Referenced in Bid Documents"
  ],
  "proeth:intendedOutcome": "Solicit bids for major building renovation projects",
  "proeth:requiresCapability": [
    "Public procurement administration"
  ],
  "proeth:temporalExtent": "instant",
  "proeth:temporalMarker": "Pre-bid, at advertisement stage",
  "proeth:temporalSequence": 1,
  "proeth:textReferences": [
    "The agency advertises for bids on major building renovation projects; the bid documents made no reference to existing as-builts or drawings for the bidders\u2019 or awarded contractor\u2019s use."
  ],
  "proeth:withinCompetence": true,
  "rdfs:label": "Bid Advertisement Issuance"
}

Description: After bids are opened and contracts are awarded, Engineer D provides as-built drawings of the existing sprinkler system to the successful sprinkler contractor upon request.

Temporal Marker: Post-bid, post-award instant

Fluent Transitions:
Initiates (1)
  • Informal Information Sharing Practice

Mental State: deliberate, without ulterior motive

Intended Outcome: Make information about existing conditions available to help produce a better design

Foreseen Unintended Effects:

  • Employer information may be shared without consent
  • Contractors may come to expect informal access to as-builts
Guided By Principles:
  • Faithful Agent or Trustee Principle
Required Capabilities:
Fire protection engineering knowledge Document management
Within Competence: Yes
Field classification (triples vs literals)
Relations (structural triples)
  • guidedByPrinciple: Faithful Agent or Trustee Principle
  • requiresCapability: Fire protection engineering knowledge; Document management
  • initiates: Informal Information Sharing Practice
Literal extractions (kept for synthesis)
  • description content: After bids are opened and contracts are awarded, Engineer D provides as-built drawings of the existing sprinkler system to the successful sprinkler contractor upon request.
  • hasAgent content: Engineer D
  • temporalMarker content: Post-bid, post-award
  • eventRoleContext content: fire protection engineer, public sector
  • hasMentalState content: deliberate, without ulterior motive
  • intendedOutcome content: Make information about existing conditions available to help produce a better design
  • foreseenUnintendedEffects content: Employer information may be shared without consent; Contractors may come to expect informal access to as-builts
  • textReferences content: After bids are opened and contracts are awarded, the successful sprinkler contractor asks Engineer D for as-built drawings of the existing sprinkler system. D provides the drawings.
  • temporalExtent content: instant
  • temporalSequence content: 4
  • withinCompetence assessment: True
RDF JSON-LD 
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    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
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  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/22#Action_As-Built_Drawing_Provision",
  "@type": "proeth:Action",
  "generatedAtTime": "2026-07-14T21:30:06.854158+00:00",
  "proeth:description": "After bids are opened and contracts are awarded, Engineer D provides as-built drawings of the existing sprinkler system to the successful sprinkler contractor upon request.",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "facts",
  "proeth:eventRoleContext": "fire protection engineer, public sector",
  "proeth:foreseenUnintendedEffects": [
    "Employer information may be shared without consent",
    "Contractors may come to expect informal access to as-builts"
  ],
  "proeth:guidedByPrinciple": [
    "Faithful Agent or Trustee Principle"
  ],
  "proeth:hasAgent": "Engineer D",
  "proeth:hasMentalState": "deliberate, without ulterior motive",
  "proeth:initiates": [
    "Informal Information Sharing Practice"
  ],
  "proeth:intendedOutcome": "Make information about existing conditions available to help produce a better design",
  "proeth:requiresCapability": [
    "Fire protection engineering knowledge",
    "Document management"
  ],
  "proeth:temporalExtent": "instant",
  "proeth:temporalMarker": "Post-bid, post-award",
  "proeth:temporalSequence": 4,
  "proeth:textReferences": [
    "After bids are opened and contracts are awarded, the successful sprinkler contractor asks Engineer D for as-built drawings of the existing sprinkler system. D provides the drawings."
  ],
  "proeth:withinCompetence": true,
  "rdfs:label": "As-Built Drawing Provision"
}

Description: Over subsequent projects Engineer D continues to make as-built drawings available informally to sprinkler contractors, establishing a pattern that contractors come to expect and eventually request before bids are turned in.

Temporal Marker: Over time, across subsequent projects interval

Fluent Transitions:
Initiates (2)
  • Contractor Expectation of As-Built Access
  • Appearance of Impropriety Risk

Mental State: deliberate, well-intentioned

Intended Outcome: Make information available to improve designs

Foreseen Unintended Effects:

  • Appearance of impropriety or favoritism on public projects
  • Contractors requesting drawings before bids are opened
Guided By Principles:
  • Faithful Agent or Trustee Principle
Required Capabilities:
Document management Professional judgment
Within Competence: Yes
Field classification (triples vs literals)
Relations (structural triples)
  • guidedByPrinciple: Faithful Agent or Trustee Principle
  • requiresCapability: Document management; Professional judgment
  • initiates: Contractor Expectation of As-Built Access; Appearance of Impropriety Risk
Literal extractions (kept for synthesis)
  • description content: Over subsequent projects Engineer D continues to make as-built drawings available informally to sprinkler contractors, establishing a pattern that contractors come to expect and eventually request before bids are turned in.
  • hasAgent content: Engineer D
  • temporalMarker content: Over time, across subsequent projects
  • eventRoleContext content: fire protection engineer, public sector
  • hasMentalState content: deliberate, well-intentioned
  • intendedOutcome content: Make information available to improve designs
  • foreseenUnintendedEffects content: Appearance of impropriety or favoritism on public projects; Contractors requesting drawings before bids are opened
  • textReferences content: Over time, sprinkler contractors who received as-built drawings from Engineer D in the past begin to ask for these documents when projects are advertised, before bids are turned in.; informally sharing as-built information is troubling. Working through informal mechanisms on public projects can give the appearance of impropriety or favoritism.
  • temporalExtent content: interval
  • temporalSequence content: 5
  • withinCompetence assessment: True
RDF JSON-LD 
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  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
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  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/22#Action_Continued_Informal_Sharing",
  "@type": "proeth:Action",
  "generatedAtTime": "2026-07-14T21:30:06.854217+00:00",
  "proeth:description": "Over subsequent projects Engineer D continues to make as-built drawings available informally to sprinkler contractors, establishing a pattern that contractors come to expect and eventually request before bids are turned in.",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "facts",
  "proeth:eventRoleContext": "fire protection engineer, public sector",
  "proeth:foreseenUnintendedEffects": [
    "Appearance of impropriety or favoritism on public projects",
    "Contractors requesting drawings before bids are opened"
  ],
  "proeth:guidedByPrinciple": [
    "Faithful Agent or Trustee Principle"
  ],
  "proeth:hasAgent": "Engineer D",
  "proeth:hasMentalState": "deliberate, well-intentioned",
  "proeth:initiates": [
    "Contractor Expectation of As-Built Access",
    "Appearance of Impropriety Risk"
  ],
  "proeth:intendedOutcome": "Make information available to improve designs",
  "proeth:requiresCapability": [
    "Document management",
    "Professional judgment"
  ],
  "proeth:temporalExtent": "interval",
  "proeth:temporalMarker": "Over time, across subsequent projects",
  "proeth:temporalSequence": 5,
  "proeth:textReferences": [
    "Over time, sprinkler contractors who received as-built drawings from Engineer D in the past begin to ask for these documents when projects are advertised, before bids are turned in.",
    "informally sharing as-built information is troubling. Working through informal mechanisms on public projects can give the appearance of impropriety or favoritism."
  ],
  "proeth:withinCompetence": true,
  "rdfs:label": "Continued Informal Sharing"
}

Description: The discussion prescribes that Engineer D should initiate a process to include as-built drawings, when available, on projects going forward, directing subcontractors to request them as part of the standard project process rather than sharing documents on D's own initiative or without formal permission.

Temporal Marker: Going forward, prescribed future action interval

Fluent Transitions:
Initiates (1)
  • Formalized As-Built Availability Process
Terminates (1)
  • Informal Information Sharing Practice

Mental State: deliberate, prescribed as the ethical course

Intended Outcome: Formalize the availability of as-builts so that useful information improves designs while preserving fairness of the public bidding process

Obligation Engagement:
Fulfills (1)
  • Acting as a Faithful Agent or Trustee for the Employer
Guided By Principles:
  • Faithful Agent or Trustee Principle
Required Capabilities:
Process design Public procurement administration
Within Competence: Yes
Field classification (triples vs literals)
Relations (structural triples)
  • fulfillsObligation: Acting as a Faithful Agent or Trustee for the Employer
  • guidedByPrinciple: Faithful Agent or Trustee Principle
  • requiresCapability: Process design; Public procurement administration
  • initiates: Formalized As-Built Availability Process
  • terminates: Informal Information Sharing Practice
Literal extractions (kept for synthesis)
  • description content: The discussion prescribes that Engineer D should initiate a process to include as-built drawings, when available, on projects going forward, directing subcontractors to request them as part of the standard project process rather than sharing documents on D's own initiative or without formal permission.
  • hasAgent content: Engineer D
  • temporalMarker content: Going forward, prescribed future action
  • eventRoleContext content: fire protection engineer, public sector
  • hasMentalState content: deliberate, prescribed as the ethical course
  • intendedOutcome content: Formalize the availability of as-builts so that useful information improves designs while preserving fairness of the public bidding process
  • textReferences content: Engineer D can advise that as-built drawings are available, but D should direct subcontractors to request them as part of the standard project process.; Because as-builts are useful and can help improve designs, Engineer D should initiate a process to include as-built drawings, when available, on projects going forward.
  • temporalExtent content: interval
  • temporalSequence content: 7
  • withinCompetence assessment: True
RDF JSON-LD 
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  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
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  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/22#Action_Formal_Process_Initiation",
  "@type": "proeth:Action",
  "generatedAtTime": "2026-07-14T21:30:06.854251+00:00",
  "proeth:description": "The discussion prescribes that Engineer D should initiate a process to include as-built drawings, when available, on projects going forward, directing subcontractors to request them as part of the standard project process rather than sharing documents on D\u0027s own initiative or without formal permission.",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "discussion",
  "proeth:eventRoleContext": "fire protection engineer, public sector",
  "proeth:fulfillsObligation": [
    "Acting as a Faithful Agent or Trustee for the Employer"
  ],
  "proeth:guidedByPrinciple": [
    "Faithful Agent or Trustee Principle"
  ],
  "proeth:hasAgent": "Engineer D",
  "proeth:hasMentalState": "deliberate, prescribed as the ethical course",
  "proeth:initiates": [
    "Formalized As-Built Availability Process"
  ],
  "proeth:intendedOutcome": "Formalize the availability of as-builts so that useful information improves designs while preserving fairness of the public bidding process",
  "proeth:raisesObligation": [],
  "proeth:requiresCapability": [
    "Process design",
    "Public procurement administration"
  ],
  "proeth:temporalExtent": "interval",
  "proeth:temporalMarker": "Going forward, prescribed future action",
  "proeth:temporalSequence": 7,
  "proeth:terminates": [
    "Informal Information Sharing Practice"
  ],
  "proeth:textReferences": [
    "Engineer D can advise that as-built drawings are available, but D should direct subcontractors to request them as part of the standard project process.",
    "Because as-builts are useful and can help improve designs, Engineer D should initiate a process to include as-built drawings, when available, on projects going forward."
  ],
  "proeth:violatesObligation": [],
  "proeth:withinCompetence": true,
  "rdfs:label": "Formal Process Initiation"
}
Extracted Events (3)
Occurrences that trigger ethical considerations and state changes

Description: Bids on the state agency's major building renovation projects are opened and contracts are awarded to successful contractors under the standard public procurement process.

Temporal Marker: After bid advertisement period closes instant

Fluent Transitions:
Initiates (1)
  • Contract Awarded
Terminates (1)
  • Bid Advertisement Period Open

Caused By Action: Action_Bid_Advertisement_Issuance

Field classification (triples vs literals)
Relations (structural triples)
  • causedByAction: http://proethica.org/ontology/case/22#Action_Bid_Advertisement_Issuance
  • initiates: Contract Awarded
  • terminates: Bid Advertisement Period Open
Literal extractions (kept for synthesis)
  • description content: Bids on the state agency's major building renovation projects are opened and contracts are awarded to successful contractors under the standard public procurement process.
  • temporalMarker content: After bid advertisement period closes
  • textReferences content: After bids are opened and contracts are awarded
  • eventType content: automatic
  • temporalExtent content: instant
  • temporalSequence content: 2
  • confidence assessment: 0.9
RDF JSON-LD 
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  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/22#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
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  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/22#Event_Bid_Opening",
  "@type": "proeth:Event",
  "generatedAtTime": "2026-07-14T21:30:06.854340+00:00",
  "proeth:causedByAction": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/22#Action_Bid_Advertisement_Issuance",
  "proeth:confidence": "0.9",
  "proeth:description": "Bids on the state agency\u0027s major building renovation projects are opened and contracts are awarded to successful contractors under the standard public procurement process.",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "facts",
  "proeth:eventType": "automatic",
  "proeth:initiates": [
    "Contract Awarded"
  ],
  "proeth:temporalExtent": "instant",
  "proeth:temporalMarker": "After bid advertisement period closes",
  "proeth:temporalSequence": 2,
  "proeth:terminates": [
    "Bid Advertisement Period Open"
  ],
  "proeth:textReferences": [
    "After bids are opened and contracts are awarded"
  ],
  "rdfs:label": "Bid Opening"
}

Description: After the contract award, the successful sprinkler contractor asks Engineer D for as-built drawings of the existing sprinkler system.

Temporal Marker: After bids are opened and contracts are awarded instant

Fluent Transitions:
Initiates (1)
  • Drawing Request Pending
Field classification (triples vs literals)
Relations (structural triples)
  • initiates: Drawing Request Pending
Literal extractions (kept for synthesis)
  • description content: After the contract award, the successful sprinkler contractor asks Engineer D for as-built drawings of the existing sprinkler system.
  • temporalMarker content: After bids are opened and contracts are awarded
  • textReferences content: the successful sprinkler contractor asks Engineer D for as-built drawings of the existing sprinkler system
  • eventType content: exogenous
  • temporalExtent content: instant
  • temporalSequence content: 3
  • confidence assessment: 0.85
RDF JSON-LD 
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    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
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  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/22#Event_Post-Award_Drawing_Request",
  "@type": "proeth:Event",
  "generatedAtTime": "2026-07-14T21:30:06.854392+00:00",
  "proeth:confidence": "0.85",
  "proeth:description": "After the contract award, the successful sprinkler contractor asks Engineer D for as-built drawings of the existing sprinkler system.",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "facts",
  "proeth:eventType": "exogenous",
  "proeth:initiates": [
    "Drawing Request Pending"
  ],
  "proeth:temporalExtent": "instant",
  "proeth:temporalMarker": "After bids are opened and contracts are awarded",
  "proeth:temporalSequence": 3,
  "proeth:textReferences": [
    "the successful sprinkler contractor asks Engineer D for as-built drawings of the existing sprinkler system"
  ],
  "rdfs:label": "Post-Award Drawing Request"
}

Description: Over time, contractors who previously received as-built drawings from Engineer D begin requesting the documents during the advertisement period before bids are submitted, creating a risk of selective pre-bid information sharing.

Temporal Marker: Over time, after repeated post-award sharing interval

Fluent Transitions:
Initiates (2)
  • Pre-Bid Selective Sharing Risk
  • Appearance of Impropriety Risk

Caused By Action: Action_As-Built_Drawing_Provision

Field classification (triples vs literals)
Relations (structural triples)
  • causedByAction: http://proethica.org/ontology/case/22#Action_As-Built_Drawing_Provision
  • initiates: Pre-Bid Selective Sharing Risk; Appearance of Impropriety Risk
Literal extractions (kept for synthesis)
  • description content: Over time, contractors who previously received as-built drawings from Engineer D begin requesting the documents during the advertisement period before bids are submitted, creating a risk of selective pre-bid information sharing.
  • temporalMarker content: Over time, after repeated post-award sharing
  • textReferences content: Over time, sprinkler contractors who received as-built drawings from Engineer D in the past begin to ask for these documents when projects are advertised, before bids are turned in.; if information is shared selectively with contractors before bids are opened; will D’s actions influence the award of a contract?; Working through informal mechanisms on public projects can give the appearance of impropriety or favoritism.
  • eventType content: outcome
  • temporalExtent content: interval
  • temporalSequence content: 6
  • confidence assessment: 0.9
RDF JSON-LD 
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  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
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  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/22#Event_Pre-Bid_Request_Pattern",
  "@type": "proeth:Event",
  "generatedAtTime": "2026-07-14T21:30:06.854438+00:00",
  "proeth:causedByAction": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/22#Action_As-Built_Drawing_Provision",
  "proeth:confidence": "0.9",
  "proeth:description": "Over time, contractors who previously received as-built drawings from Engineer D begin requesting the documents during the advertisement period before bids are submitted, creating a risk of selective pre-bid information sharing.",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "facts",
  "proeth:eventType": "outcome",
  "proeth:initiates": [
    "Pre-Bid Selective Sharing Risk",
    "Appearance of Impropriety Risk"
  ],
  "proeth:temporalExtent": "interval",
  "proeth:temporalMarker": "Over time, after repeated post-award sharing",
  "proeth:temporalSequence": 6,
  "proeth:textReferences": [
    "Over time, sprinkler contractors who received as-built drawings from Engineer D in the past begin to ask for these documents when projects are advertised, before bids are turned in.",
    "if information is shared selectively with contractors before bids are opened; will D\u2019s actions influence the award of a contract?",
    "Working through informal mechanisms on public projects can give the appearance of impropriety or favoritism."
  ],
  "rdfs:label": "Pre-Bid Request Pattern"
}
Causal Chains (4)
NESS test analysis: Necessary Element of Sufficient Set

Causal Language: the bid documents made no reference to existing as-builts or drawings for the bidders’ or awarded contractor’s use. After bids are opened and contracts are awarded, the successful sprinkler contractor asks Engineer D for as-built drawings of the existing sprinkler system.

Necessary Factors (NESS):
  • Bid documents omitted any reference to as-built drawings
  • Awarded contractor needed information about the existing sprinkler system
  • No formal channel existed for contractors to obtain as-builts
Sufficient Factors:
  • Combination of omitted as-builts in bid documents + contractor's practical need for existing-condition information + accessible engineer (D) known to hold the drawings
Counterfactual Test: If the bid documents had referenced and formally provided as-builts, the contractor would not have needed to make an informal post-award request to Engineer D
Responsibility Attribution:

Agent: State agency (issuer of bid documents)
Type: indirect
Within Agent Control: Yes

Causal Sequence:
  1. Bid Advertisement Issuance
    Agency advertises renovation projects with bid documents making no reference to existing as-builts
  2. Bid Opening
    Bids are opened and the sprinkler contract is awarded
  3. Contractor Information Gap
    Successful contractor lacks documentation of the existing sprinkler system
  4. Post-Award Drawing Request
    Contractor asks Engineer D directly for as-built drawings
Field classification (triples vs literals)
Relations (structural triples)
  • cause: Bid Advertisement Issuance
  • effect: Post-Award Drawing Request
  • responsibleAgent: State agency (issuer of bid documents)
Literal extractions (kept for synthesis)
  • causalLanguage content: the bid documents made no reference to existing as-builts or drawings for the bidders’ or awarded contractor’s use. After bids are opened and contracts are awarded, the successful sprinkler contractor asks Engineer D for as-built drawings of the existing sprinkler system.
  • necessaryFactors content: Bid documents omitted any reference to as-built drawings; Awarded contractor needed information about the existing sprinkler system; No formal channel existed for contractors to obtain as-builts
  • sufficientFactors content: Combination of omitted as-builts in bid documents + contractor's practical need for existing-condition information + accessible engineer (D) known to hold the drawings
  • counterfactual content: If the bid documents had referenced and formally provided as-builts, the contractor would not have needed to make an informal post-award request to Engineer D
  • agentKnowledge content: The agency knew or should have known that as-built drawings existed and were relevant to renovation projects, yet omitted them from bid documents
  • interveningFactors content: Contractor's independent decision to seek information informally
  • causalSequence content: {'proeth:step': 1, 'proeth:element': 'Bid Advertisement Issuance', 'proeth:description': 'Agency advertises renovation projects with bid documents making no reference to existing as-builts'}; {'proeth:step': 2, 'proeth:element': 'Bid Opening', 'proeth:description': 'Bids are opened and the sprinkler contract is awarded'}; {'proeth:step': 3, 'proeth:element': 'Contractor Information Gap', 'proeth:description': 'Successful contractor lacks documentation of the existing sprinkler system'}; {'proeth:step': 4, 'proeth:element': 'Post-Award Drawing Request', 'proeth:description': 'Contractor asks Engineer D directly for as-built drawings'}
  • responsibilityType assessment: indirect
  • withinAgentControl assessment: True
RDF JSON-LD 
{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/22#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/22#CausalChain_1",
  "@type": "proeth:CausalChain",
  "generatedAtTime": "2026-07-14T21:30:06.854505+00:00",
  "proeth:agentKnowledge": "The agency knew or should have known that as-built drawings existed and were relevant to renovation projects, yet omitted them from bid documents",
  "proeth:causalLanguage": "the bid documents made no reference to existing as-builts or drawings for the bidders\u2019 or awarded contractor\u2019s use. After bids are opened and contracts are awarded, the successful sprinkler contractor asks Engineer D for as-built drawings of the existing sprinkler system.",
  "proeth:causalSequence": [
    {
      "proeth:description": "Agency advertises renovation projects with bid documents making no reference to existing as-builts",
      "proeth:element": "Bid Advertisement Issuance",
      "proeth:step": 1
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "Bids are opened and the sprinkler contract is awarded",
      "proeth:element": "Bid Opening",
      "proeth:step": 2
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "Successful contractor lacks documentation of the existing sprinkler system",
      "proeth:element": "Contractor Information Gap",
      "proeth:step": 3
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "Contractor asks Engineer D directly for as-built drawings",
      "proeth:element": "Post-Award Drawing Request",
      "proeth:step": 4
    }
  ],
  "proeth:cause": "Bid Advertisement Issuance",
  "proeth:counterfactual": "If the bid documents had referenced and formally provided as-builts, the contractor would not have needed to make an informal post-award request to Engineer D",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "facts",
  "proeth:effect": "Post-Award Drawing Request",
  "proeth:interveningFactors": [
    "Contractor\u0027s independent decision to seek information informally"
  ],
  "proeth:necessaryFactors": [
    "Bid documents omitted any reference to as-built drawings",
    "Awarded contractor needed information about the existing sprinkler system",
    "No formal channel existed for contractors to obtain as-builts"
  ],
  "proeth:responsibilityType": "indirect",
  "proeth:responsibleAgent": "State agency (issuer of bid documents)",
  "proeth:sufficientFactors": [
    "Combination of omitted as-builts in bid documents + contractor\u0027s practical need for existing-condition information + accessible engineer (D) known to hold the drawings"
  ],
  "proeth:withinAgentControl": true
}

Causal Language: the successful sprinkler contractor asks Engineer D for as-built drawings of the existing sprinkler system. D provides the drawings.

Necessary Factors (NESS):
  • Contractor's direct request to Engineer D
  • Engineer D's access to and custody of the as-built drawings
  • D's belief that sharing would improve the design outcome
Sufficient Factors:
  • Combination of contractor request + D's possession of drawings + D's willingness to act informally without formal permission
Counterfactual Test: Without the contractor's request, Engineer D would not have provided the drawings at that time; without D's willingness to share informally, the request alone would not have produced the provision
Responsibility Attribution:

Agent: Engineer D
Type: direct
Within Agent Control: Yes

Causal Sequence:
  1. Post-Award Drawing Request
    Successful contractor asks Engineer D for as-built drawings
  2. D's Decision to Share Informally
    D decides to fulfill the request on personal initiative rather than through a formal process
  3. As-Built Drawing Provision
    D provides the as-built drawings directly to the contractor
Field classification (triples vs literals)
Relations (structural triples)
  • cause: Post-Award Drawing Request
  • effect: As-Built Drawing Provision
  • responsibleAgent: Engineer D
Literal extractions (kept for synthesis)
  • causalLanguage content: the successful sprinkler contractor asks Engineer D for as-built drawings of the existing sprinkler system. D provides the drawings.
  • necessaryFactors content: Contractor's direct request to Engineer D; Engineer D's access to and custody of the as-built drawings; D's belief that sharing would improve the design outcome
  • sufficientFactors content: Combination of contractor request + D's possession of drawings + D's willingness to act informally without formal permission
  • counterfactual content: Without the contractor's request, Engineer D would not have provided the drawings at that time; without D's willingness to share informally, the request alone would not have produced the provision
  • agentKnowledge content: D knew the drawings were employer information and acted with a desire to make information available to improve designs, without formal permission
  • interveningFactors content: Absence of any agency policy governing release of as-builts
  • causalSequence content: {'proeth:step': 1, 'proeth:element': 'Post-Award Drawing Request', 'proeth:description': 'Successful contractor asks Engineer D for as-built drawings'}; {'proeth:step': 2, 'proeth:element': "D's Decision to Share Informally", 'proeth:description': 'D decides to fulfill the request on personal initiative rather than through a formal process'}; {'proeth:step': 3, 'proeth:element': 'As-Built Drawing Provision', 'proeth:description': 'D provides the as-built drawings directly to the contractor'}
  • responsibilityType assessment: direct
  • withinAgentControl assessment: True
RDF JSON-LD 
{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/22#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/22#CausalChain_2",
  "@type": "proeth:CausalChain",
  "generatedAtTime": "2026-07-14T21:30:06.854538+00:00",
  "proeth:agentKnowledge": "D knew the drawings were employer information and acted with a desire to make information available to improve designs, without formal permission",
  "proeth:causalLanguage": "the successful sprinkler contractor asks Engineer D for as-built drawings of the existing sprinkler system. D provides the drawings.",
  "proeth:causalSequence": [
    {
      "proeth:description": "Successful contractor asks Engineer D for as-built drawings",
      "proeth:element": "Post-Award Drawing Request",
      "proeth:step": 1
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "D decides to fulfill the request on personal initiative rather than through a formal process",
      "proeth:element": "D\u0027s Decision to Share Informally",
      "proeth:step": 2
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "D provides the as-built drawings directly to the contractor",
      "proeth:element": "As-Built Drawing Provision",
      "proeth:step": 3
    }
  ],
  "proeth:cause": "Post-Award Drawing Request",
  "proeth:counterfactual": "Without the contractor\u0027s request, Engineer D would not have provided the drawings at that time; without D\u0027s willingness to share informally, the request alone would not have produced the provision",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "facts",
  "proeth:effect": "As-Built Drawing Provision",
  "proeth:interveningFactors": [
    "Absence of any agency policy governing release of as-builts"
  ],
  "proeth:necessaryFactors": [
    "Contractor\u0027s direct request to Engineer D",
    "Engineer D\u0027s access to and custody of the as-built drawings",
    "D\u0027s belief that sharing would improve the design outcome"
  ],
  "proeth:responsibilityType": "direct",
  "proeth:responsibleAgent": "Engineer D",
  "proeth:sufficientFactors": [
    "Combination of contractor request + D\u0027s possession of drawings + D\u0027s willingness to act informally without formal permission"
  ],
  "proeth:withinAgentControl": true
}

Causal Language: Over time, sprinkler contractors who received as-built drawings from Engineer D in the past begin to ask for these documents when projects are advertised, before bids are turned in.

Necessary Factors (NESS):
  • Prior informal provision of as-builts by Engineer D
  • Contractors' awareness that D would share drawings on request
  • Continued advertisement of new projects without formal as-built distribution
Sufficient Factors:
  • Combination of established precedent of D sharing + competitive value of as-built information at bid time + lack of formal distribution mechanism
Counterfactual Test: Had D never informally provided drawings, contractors would have had no established informal channel to exploit and would not have developed the pre-bid request pattern
Responsibility Attribution:

Agent: Engineer D
Type: shared
Within Agent Control: Yes

Causal Sequence:
  1. As-Built Drawing Provision
    D provides as-builts to the successful contractor after award
  2. Continued Informal Sharing
    D continues to make as-built drawings available informally on subsequent projects
  3. Contractor Expectation Formation
    Contractors learn that D will supply as-builts on informal request
  4. Pre-Bid Request Pattern
    Contractors begin requesting drawings when projects are advertised, before bids are turned in
Field classification (triples vs literals)
Relations (structural triples)
  • cause: As-Built Drawing Provision
  • effect: Pre-Bid Request Pattern
  • responsibleAgent: Engineer D
Literal extractions (kept for synthesis)
  • causalLanguage content: Over time, sprinkler contractors who received as-built drawings from Engineer D in the past begin to ask for these documents when projects are advertised, before bids are turned in.
  • necessaryFactors content: Prior informal provision of as-builts by Engineer D; Contractors' awareness that D would share drawings on request; Continued advertisement of new projects without formal as-built distribution
  • sufficientFactors content: Combination of established precedent of D sharing + competitive value of as-built information at bid time + lack of formal distribution mechanism
  • counterfactual content: Had D never informally provided drawings, contractors would have had no established informal channel to exploit and would not have developed the pre-bid request pattern
  • agentKnowledge content: D acted without an ulterior motive - desiring to make information available to improve designs - but should have foreseen that informal sharing would generate future expectations
  • interveningFactors content: Contractors' own volitional decisions to seek pre-bid advantage; Recurring project advertisements creating repeated opportunities
  • causalSequence content: {'proeth:step': 1, 'proeth:element': 'As-Built Drawing Provision', 'proeth:description': 'D provides as-builts to the successful contractor after award'}; {'proeth:step': 2, 'proeth:element': 'Continued Informal Sharing', 'proeth:description': 'D continues to make as-built drawings available informally on subsequent projects'}; {'proeth:step': 3, 'proeth:element': 'Contractor Expectation Formation', 'proeth:description': 'Contractors learn that D will supply as-builts on informal request'}; {'proeth:step': 4, 'proeth:element': 'Pre-Bid Request Pattern', 'proeth:description': 'Contractors begin requesting drawings when projects are advertised, before bids are turned in'}
  • responsibilityType assessment: shared
  • withinAgentControl assessment: True
RDF JSON-LD 
{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/22#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/22#CausalChain_3",
  "@type": "proeth:CausalChain",
  "generatedAtTime": "2026-07-14T21:30:06.854561+00:00",
  "proeth:agentKnowledge": "D acted without an ulterior motive - desiring to make information available to improve designs - but should have foreseen that informal sharing would generate future expectations",
  "proeth:causalLanguage": "Over time, sprinkler contractors who received as-built drawings from Engineer D in the past begin to ask for these documents when projects are advertised, before bids are turned in.",
  "proeth:causalSequence": [
    {
      "proeth:description": "D provides as-builts to the successful contractor after award",
      "proeth:element": "As-Built Drawing Provision",
      "proeth:step": 1
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "D continues to make as-built drawings available informally on subsequent projects",
      "proeth:element": "Continued Informal Sharing",
      "proeth:step": 2
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "Contractors learn that D will supply as-builts on informal request",
      "proeth:element": "Contractor Expectation Formation",
      "proeth:step": 3
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "Contractors begin requesting drawings when projects are advertised, before bids are turned in",
      "proeth:element": "Pre-Bid Request Pattern",
      "proeth:step": 4
    }
  ],
  "proeth:cause": "As-Built Drawing Provision",
  "proeth:counterfactual": "Had D never informally provided drawings, contractors would have had no established informal channel to exploit and would not have developed the pre-bid request pattern",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "facts",
  "proeth:effect": "Pre-Bid Request Pattern",
  "proeth:interveningFactors": [
    "Contractors\u0027 own volitional decisions to seek pre-bid advantage",
    "Recurring project advertisements creating repeated opportunities"
  ],
  "proeth:necessaryFactors": [
    "Prior informal provision of as-builts by Engineer D",
    "Contractors\u0027 awareness that D would share drawings on request",
    "Continued advertisement of new projects without formal as-built distribution"
  ],
  "proeth:responsibilityType": "shared",
  "proeth:responsibleAgent": "Engineer D",
  "proeth:sufficientFactors": [
    "Combination of established precedent of D sharing + competitive value of as-built information at bid time + lack of formal distribution mechanism"
  ],
  "proeth:withinAgentControl": true
}

Causal Language: Because as-builts are useful and can help improve designs, Engineer D should initiate a process to include as-built drawings, when available, on projects going forward.

Necessary Factors (NESS):
  • Demonstrated usefulness of as-builts in improving designs
  • The troubling appearance created by informal sharing mechanisms
  • Risk that pre-bid selective sharing could influence contract awards
Sufficient Factors:
  • Combination of proven design value of as-builts + appearance of impropriety or favoritism from informal channels + ethical prohibition on selective pre-bid sharing
Counterfactual Test: Without the informal sharing practice and the resulting pre-bid request pattern, the need for a formal inclusion process would not have been made evident or prescribed
Responsibility Attribution:

Agent: Engineer D
Type: direct
Within Agent Control: Yes

Causal Sequence:
  1. Continued Informal Sharing
    D repeatedly makes as-builts available outside any formal process
  2. Pre-Bid Request Pattern
    Contractors begin requesting drawings before bids are turned in, raising fairness concerns
  3. Recognition of Impropriety Risk
    Informal mechanisms on public projects are recognized as giving the appearance of impropriety or favoritism
  4. Formal Process Initiation
    D is directed to initiate a process to include as-built drawings, when available, on projects going forward
Field classification (triples vs literals)
Relations (structural triples)
  • cause: Continued Informal Sharing
  • effect: Formal Process Initiation
  • responsibleAgent: Engineer D
Literal extractions (kept for synthesis)
  • causalLanguage content: Because as-builts are useful and can help improve designs, Engineer D should initiate a process to include as-built drawings, when available, on projects going forward.
  • necessaryFactors content: Demonstrated usefulness of as-builts in improving designs; The troubling appearance created by informal sharing mechanisms; Risk that pre-bid selective sharing could influence contract awards
  • sufficientFactors content: Combination of proven design value of as-builts + appearance of impropriety or favoritism from informal channels + ethical prohibition on selective pre-bid sharing
  • counterfactual content: Without the informal sharing practice and the resulting pre-bid request pattern, the need for a formal inclusion process would not have been made evident or prescribed
  • agentKnowledge content: D knows the drawings improve designs and that informal mechanisms on public projects can give the appearance of impropriety or favoritism
  • interveningFactors content: Agency's willingness to adopt a formal document-distribution process
  • causalSequence content: {'proeth:step': 1, 'proeth:element': 'Continued Informal Sharing', 'proeth:description': 'D repeatedly makes as-builts available outside any formal process'}; {'proeth:step': 2, 'proeth:element': 'Pre-Bid Request Pattern', 'proeth:description': 'Contractors begin requesting drawings before bids are turned in, raising fairness concerns'}; {'proeth:step': 3, 'proeth:element': 'Recognition of Impropriety Risk', 'proeth:description': 'Informal mechanisms on public projects are recognized as giving the appearance of impropriety or favoritism'}; {'proeth:step': 4, 'proeth:element': 'Formal Process Initiation', 'proeth:description': 'D is directed to initiate a process to include as-built drawings, when available, on projects going forward'}
  • responsibilityType assessment: direct
  • withinAgentControl assessment: True
RDF JSON-LD 
{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/22#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/22#CausalChain_4",
  "@type": "proeth:CausalChain",
  "generatedAtTime": "2026-07-14T21:30:06.854583+00:00",
  "proeth:agentKnowledge": "D knows the drawings improve designs and that informal mechanisms on public projects can give the appearance of impropriety or favoritism",
  "proeth:causalLanguage": "Because as-builts are useful and can help improve designs, Engineer D should initiate a process to include as-built drawings, when available, on projects going forward.",
  "proeth:causalSequence": [
    {
      "proeth:description": "D repeatedly makes as-builts available outside any formal process",
      "proeth:element": "Continued Informal Sharing",
      "proeth:step": 1
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "Contractors begin requesting drawings before bids are turned in, raising fairness concerns",
      "proeth:element": "Pre-Bid Request Pattern",
      "proeth:step": 2
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "Informal mechanisms on public projects are recognized as giving the appearance of impropriety or favoritism",
      "proeth:element": "Recognition of Impropriety Risk",
      "proeth:step": 3
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "D is directed to initiate a process to include as-built drawings, when available, on projects going forward",
      "proeth:element": "Formal Process Initiation",
      "proeth:step": 4
    }
  ],
  "proeth:cause": "Continued Informal Sharing",
  "proeth:counterfactual": "Without the informal sharing practice and the resulting pre-bid request pattern, the need for a formal inclusion process would not have been made evident or prescribed",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "discussion",
  "proeth:effect": "Formal Process Initiation",
  "proeth:interveningFactors": [
    "Agency\u0027s willingness to adopt a formal document-distribution process"
  ],
  "proeth:necessaryFactors": [
    "Demonstrated usefulness of as-builts in improving designs",
    "The troubling appearance created by informal sharing mechanisms",
    "Risk that pre-bid selective sharing could influence contract awards"
  ],
  "proeth:responsibilityType": "direct",
  "proeth:responsibleAgent": "Engineer D",
  "proeth:sufficientFactors": [
    "Combination of proven design value of as-builts + appearance of impropriety or favoritism from informal channels + ethical prohibition on selective pre-bid sharing"
  ],
  "proeth:withinAgentControl": true
}
Allen Temporal Relations (11)
Interval algebra relationships with OWL-Time standard properties
From Entity Allen Relation To Entity OWL-Time Property Evidence
bid opening before
Entity1 is before Entity2 		contract award time:intervalBefore
http://www.w3.org/2006/time#intervalBefore 		After bids are opened and contracts are awarded
advertisement of bids on renovation projects before
Entity1 is before Entity2 		bid opening time:intervalBefore
http://www.w3.org/2006/time#intervalBefore 		The agency advertises for bids on major building renovation projects... After bids are opened and co... [more]
contract award before
Entity1 is before Entity2 		successful contractor's request for as-built drawings time:intervalBefore
http://www.w3.org/2006/time#intervalBefore 		After bids are opened and contracts are awarded, the successful sprinkler contractor asks Engineer D... [more]
contractor's request for as-built drawings before
Entity1 is before Entity2 		Engineer D provides the drawings time:intervalBefore
http://www.w3.org/2006/time#intervalBefore 		the successful sprinkler contractor asks Engineer D for as-built drawings of the existing sprinkler ... [more]
Engineer D's past provision of drawings post-award before
Entity1 is before Entity2 		contractors requesting drawings during advertisement period time:intervalBefore
http://www.w3.org/2006/time#intervalBefore 		sprinkler contractors who received as-built drawings from Engineer D in the past begin to ask for th... [more]
contractors' new requests for as-built drawings during
Entity1 occurs entirely within the duration of Entity2 		project advertisement period time:intervalDuring
http://www.w3.org/2006/time#intervalDuring 		begin to ask for these documents when projects are advertised, before bids are turned in
contractors' new requests for as-built drawings before
Entity1 is before Entity2 		bid submission time:intervalBefore
http://www.w3.org/2006/time#intervalBefore 		begin to ask for these documents when projects are advertised, before bids are turned in
D's provision of as-built drawings (past practice) after
Entity1 is after Entity2 		bid openings time:intervalAfter
http://www.w3.org/2006/time#intervalAfter 		When D provides as-built drawings after bid openings, is employer information being shared without c... [more]
hypothetical selective information sharing before
Entity1 is before Entity2 		bid opening time:intervalBefore
http://www.w3.org/2006/time#intervalBefore 		if information is shared selectively with contractors before bids are opened; will D's actions influ... [more]
current informal sharing practice before
Entity1 is before Entity2 		prescribed formal process for including as-builts time:intervalBefore
http://www.w3.org/2006/time#intervalBefore 		Engineer D should initiate a process to include as-built drawings, when available, on projects going... [more]
prohibited selective sharing of as-builts before
Entity1 is before Entity2 		bid submission/opening time:intervalBefore
http://www.w3.org/2006/time#intervalBefore 		It would be unethical for D to share as-builts with selected contractors pre-bid.
About Allen Relations & OWL-Time

Allen's Interval Algebra provides 13 basic temporal relations between intervals. These relations are mapped to OWL-Time standard properties for interoperability with Semantic Web temporal reasoning systems and SPARQL queries.

Each relation includes both a ProEthica custom property and a time:* OWL-Time property for maximum compatibility.

Back to Extraction Continue to Step 4

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