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Overview
Facts Discussion
Provenance Draft

PASS 1: Contextual Framework Facts Section

Case 7: Use of Artificial Intelligence in Engineering Practice

R Roles
4
Classes
4
Individuals
S States
9
Classes
9
Individuals
Rs Resources
2
Classes
0
Individuals

Extracted Ontology Entities

28 RDF entities extracted organized by concept type

R Roles

Roles Classes
4
changed
DesignEngineerRole
rdfs:subClassOf Roles
Linked
Design Engineer Role
C7
Definition
Extracted from facts primary
An engineer responsible for producing engineering design documents, plans and specifications, for a project, here modifications to groundwater infrastructure.
Inherited from DesignEngineerRole · note
An engineer responsible for producing a design (plans, calculations, specifications) for a project. Project and discipline are case context, not separate role kinds.
Properties
Text References:
"In addition, Engineer A was tasked to develop engineering design documents (plans and specifications) for modifications to groundwater infrastructure at the same site."
Confidence: 0.95
Role Category: provider_client
Role Kind: professional
Distinguishing Features:
  • Produces original design documents (plans and specifications) rather than reviewing them
  • Responsible for the accuracy and regulatory compliance of the design
Professional Scope: Preparation of engineering design documents, including plans, layouts, and technical specifications, that must satisfy professional and regulatory standards
Typical Qualifications:
  • Professional engineering license
  • Discipline-specific design experience
Associated Virtues:
  • Competence
  • Accuracy
  • Responsibility
[facts] "In addition, Engineer A was tasked to develop engineering design documents (plans and specifications) for modifications to groundwater infrastructure at the same site."
Field classification (triples vs literals)
Literal extractions (kept for synthesis)
  • textReferences content: In addition, Engineer A was tasked to develop engineering design documents (plans and specifications) for modifications to groundwater infrastructure at the same site.
  • roleCategory content: provider_client
  • roleKind content: professional
  • distinguishingFeatures content: Produces original design documents (plans and specifications) rather than reviewing them; Responsible for the accuracy and regulatory compliance of the design
  • professionalScope content: Preparation of engineering design documents, including plans, layouts, and technical specifications, that must satisfy professional and regulatory standards
  • typicalQualifications content: Professional engineering license; Discipline-specific design experience
  • associatedVirtues content: Competence; Accuracy; Responsibility
  • confidence assessment: 0.95
changed
ClientRole
rdfs:subClassOf Roles
Linked
Client Role
C7
Definition
Extracted from facts primary
The party that commissions and reviews professional engineering work, here retaining the engineer to prepare a report and design documents and reviewing the deliverables.
Inherited from ClientRole · note
Party that commissions the project work. This is the occupational archetype. The duty relationship is carried separately by :ProviderClientRole.
Properties
Text References:
"was retained by Client W to prepare a comprehensive report"
"When Client W reviewed the draft report, Client W noted that the section analyzing the groundwater monitoring data would benefit from minor edits for grammar and clarity"
Confidence: 0.95
Role Kind: participant
Distinguishing Features:
  • Commissions the professional work and reviews deliverables
  • Carries standing in the case without profession-generated duties
[facts] "was retained by Client W to prepare a comprehensive report addressing the manufacture, use, and characteristics of an organic compound identified as an emerging contaminant of concern."
Field classification (triples vs literals)
Literal extractions (kept for synthesis)
  • textReferences content: was retained by Client W to prepare a comprehensive report; When Client W reviewed the draft report, Client W noted that the section analyzing the groundwater monitoring data would benefit from minor edits for grammar and clarity
  • roleKind content: participant
  • distinguishingFeatures content: Commissions the professional work and reviews deliverables; Carries standing in the case without profession-generated duties
  • confidence assessment: 0.95
changed
EnvironmentalEngineerRole
rdfs:subClassOf Roles
Linked
Environmental Engineer Role
C7
Definition
Extracted from facts primary
A licensed engineer whose practice area is environmental engineering, including analysis of contaminants, groundwater monitoring data, and site observation, retained to deliver technical reports for a client.
Inherited from EnvironmentalEngineerRole · note
A licensed engineer whose practice area is environmental engineering (site assessment, contamination, wetlands, permitting).
Properties
Text References:
"Engineer A, an environmental engineer with several years of experience and holding a professional engineering license, was retained by Client W to prepare a comprehensive report addressing the manufac..."
"This work required Engineer A to perform an analysis of groundwater monitoring data from a site Engineer A had been observing for over a year."
Confidence: 0.95
Role Category: provider_client
Role Kind: professional
Distinguishing Features:
  • Practice area is environmental engineering, including emerging contaminants and groundwater monitoring
  • Delivers technical analysis and reports on environmental site conditions
Professional Scope: Environmental engineering analysis, including contaminant characterization and groundwater monitoring data analysis for a retained client
Typical Qualifications:
  • Professional engineering license
  • Experience in environmental engineering practice
Associated Virtues:
  • Competence
  • Diligence
  • Honesty
[facts] "Engineer A, an environmental engineer with several years of experience and holding a professional engineering license, was retained by Client W to prepare a comprehensive report addressing the manufac..."
Field classification (triples vs literals)
Literal extractions (kept for synthesis)
  • textReferences content: Engineer A, an environmental engineer with several years of experience and holding a professional engineering license, was retained by Client W to prepare a comprehensive report addressing the manufacture, use, and characteristics of an organic compound identified as an emerging contaminant of concern.; This work required Engineer A to perform an analysis of groundwater monitoring data from a site Engineer A had been observing for over a year.
  • roleCategory content: provider_client
  • roleKind content: professional
  • distinguishingFeatures content: Practice area is environmental engineering, including emerging contaminants and groundwater monitoring; Delivers technical analysis and reports on environmental site conditions
  • professionalScope content: Environmental engineering analysis, including contaminant characterization and groundwater monitoring data analysis for a retained client
  • typicalQualifications content: Professional engineering license; Experience in environmental engineering practice
  • associatedVirtues content: Competence; Diligence; Honesty
  • confidence assessment: 0.95
changed
MentorEngineerRole
rdfs:subClassOf Roles
Linked
Mentor Engineer Role
C7
Definition
Extracted from facts primary
An experienced engineer who mentors another engineer and provides guidance and quality assurance reviews of their work drafts.
Inherited from MentorEngineerRole · note
An experienced engineer who mentors another. Inferred :ProfessionalPeerRole via proeth-core:professionalPeerOf. Availability such as retired status is a State, not a role kind.
Properties
Text References:
"Previously, Engineer A had relied on guidance and quality assurance reviews by their mentor and supervisor, Engineer B, to refine report drafts."
Confidence: 0.9
Role Category: professional_peer
Role Kind: professional
Distinguishing Features:
  • Provides mentoring guidance and quality assurance review of a colleague's work
  • Collegial peer relationship rather than a client engagement
Professional Scope: Guidance and quality assurance review of another engineer's report drafts
Typical Qualifications: Substantial professional engineering experience
Associated Virtues:
  • Collegiality
  • Diligence
[facts] "Previously, Engineer A had relied on guidance and quality assurance reviews by their mentor and supervisor, Engineer B, to refine report drafts."
Field classification (triples vs literals)
Literal extractions (kept for synthesis)
  • textReferences content: Previously, Engineer A had relied on guidance and quality assurance reviews by their mentor and supervisor, Engineer B, to refine report drafts.
  • roleCategory content: professional_peer
  • roleKind content: professional
  • distinguishingFeatures content: Provides mentoring guidance and quality assurance review of a colleague's work; Collegial peer relationship rather than a client engagement
  • professionalScope content: Guidance and quality assurance review of another engineer's report drafts
  • typicalQualifications content: Substantial professional engineering experience
  • associatedVirtues content: Collegiality; Diligence
  • confidence assessment: 0.9
Roles Individuals
4
Engineer A Environmental Engineer
Environmental Engineer Role
Linked
Environmental Engineer Role
C7
Text References:
"Engineer A, an environmental engineer with several years of experience and holding a professional engineering license, was retained by Client W to prepare a comprehensive report addressing the manufac..."
"This work required Engineer A to perform an analysis of groundwater monitoring data from a site Engineer A had been observing for over a year."
Confidence: 0.95
Actor: Engineer A
Role Class: Environmental Engineer Role
Role Category: provider_client
Role Kind: professional
License: Professional engineering license
Specialty: Environmental engineering
Experience Level: Several years of experience
Technical Background: Strong technical expertise; less confident in technical writing
Case Involvement: Retained by Client W to prepare a comprehensive contaminant report and analyze groundwater monitoring data; used open-sourced AI software to generate an initial draft, thoroughly reviewed and personalized it, did not cite the AI use, and submitted the sealed draft report to Client W.
Sealing practice: applied their seal consistent with state law
Ai tool use: used open-sourced AI software to create an initial draft of the report without citing its use
Site familiarity: had been observing the site for over a year
Hasclient: Client W
"was retained by Client W to prepare a comprehensive report addressing the manufacture, use, and characteristics of an organic compound identified as an emerging..."
Workreviewedby: Engineer B
"Previously, Engineer A had relied on guidance and quality assurance reviews by their mentor and supervisor, Engineer B, to refine report drafts."
Workreviewedby: Client W
"When Client W reviewed the draft report, Client W noted that the section analyzing the groundwater monitoring data would benefit from minor edits for grammar an..."
[facts] "Engineer A, an environmental engineer with several years of experience and holding a professional engineering license, was retained by Client W to prepare a comprehensive report addressing the manufac..."
Field classification (triples vs literals)
Relations (structural triples)
  • actor: Engineer A
  • attributes: {'sealing_practice': 'applied their seal consistent with state law', 'ai_tool_use': 'used open-sourced AI software to create an initial draft of the report without citing its use', 'site_familiarity': 'had been observing the site for over a year'}
  • relationships: {'type': 'hasClient', 'target': 'Client W', 'quote': 'was retained by Client W to prepare a comprehensive report addressing the manufacture, use, and characteristics of an organic compound identified as an emerging contaminant of concern'}; {'type': 'workReviewedBy', 'target': 'Engineer B', 'quote': 'Previously, Engineer A had relied on guidance and quality assurance reviews by their mentor and supervisor, Engineer B, to refine report drafts.'}; {'type': 'workReviewedBy', 'target': 'Client W', 'quote': 'When Client W reviewed the draft report, Client W noted that the section analyzing the groundwater monitoring data would benefit from minor edits for grammar and clarity'}
Literal extractions (kept for synthesis)
  • textReferences content: Engineer A, an environmental engineer with several years of experience and holding a professional engineering license, was retained by Client W to prepare a comprehensive report addressing the manufacture, use, and characteristics of an organic compound identified as an emerging contaminant of concern.; This work required Engineer A to perform an analysis of groundwater monitoring data from a site Engineer A had been observing for over a year.
  • roleClass content: Environmental Engineer Role
  • roleCategory content: provider_client
  • roleKind content: professional
  • license content: Professional engineering license
  • specialty content: Environmental engineering
  • experienceLevel content: Several years of experience
  • technicalBackground content: Strong technical expertise; less confident in technical writing
  • caseInvolvement content: Retained by Client W to prepare a comprehensive contaminant report and analyze groundwater monitoring data; used open-sourced AI software to generate an initial draft, thoroughly reviewed and personalized it, did not cite the AI use, and submitted the sealed draft report to Client W.
  • confidence assessment: 0.95
Engineer A Design Engineer
Design Engineer Role
Linked
Design Engineer Role
C7
Text References:
"In addition, Engineer A was tasked to develop engineering design documents (plans and specifications) for modifications to groundwater infrastructure at the same site."
"Engineer A completed a cursory review of the AI-generated plans and adjusted certain elements to align with site-specific conditions."
Confidence: 0.93
Actor: Engineer A
Role Class: Design Engineer Role
Role Category: provider_client
Role Kind: professional
License: Professional engineering license
Specialty: Groundwater infrastructure design
Experience Level: Several years of experience
Technical Background: Strong technical expertise
Case Involvement: Tasked to develop engineering design documents for groundwater infrastructure modifications; used AI-assisted drafting tools to generate preliminary plans, completed only a cursory review, and produced documents with misaligned dimensions and omitted key safety features, which Client W instructed Engineer A to revise.
Ai tool use: relied on AI-assisted drafting tools to generate a preliminary design of the plans, including basic layouts and technical specifications, without citing the tools
Review depth: completed a cursory review of the AI-generated plans
Hasclient: Client W
"Engineer A gathered the relevant information provided by Client W"
Workreviewedby: Client W
"Client W raised concerns about the accuracy and reliability of the engineering design and instructed Engineer A to revise the plans, ensuring that all elements ..."
[facts] "In addition, Engineer A was tasked to develop engineering design documents (plans and specifications) for modifications to groundwater infrastructure at the same site."
Field classification (triples vs literals)
Relations (structural triples)
  • actor: Engineer A
  • attributes: {'ai_tool_use': 'relied on AI-assisted drafting tools to generate a preliminary design of the plans, including basic layouts and technical specifications, without citing the tools', 'review_depth': 'completed a cursory review of the AI-generated plans'}
  • relationships: {'type': 'hasClient', 'target': 'Client W', 'quote': 'Engineer A gathered the relevant information provided by Client W'}; {'type': 'workReviewedBy', 'target': 'Client W', 'quote': 'Client W raised concerns about the accuracy and reliability of the engineering design and instructed Engineer A to revise the plans, ensuring that all elements satisfied the necessary professional and regulatory standards.'}
Literal extractions (kept for synthesis)
  • textReferences content: In addition, Engineer A was tasked to develop engineering design documents (plans and specifications) for modifications to groundwater infrastructure at the same site.; Engineer A completed a cursory review of the AI-generated plans and adjusted certain elements to align with site-specific conditions.
  • roleClass content: Design Engineer Role
  • roleCategory content: provider_client
  • roleKind content: professional
  • license content: Professional engineering license
  • specialty content: Groundwater infrastructure design
  • experienceLevel content: Several years of experience
  • technicalBackground content: Strong technical expertise
  • caseInvolvement content: Tasked to develop engineering design documents for groundwater infrastructure modifications; used AI-assisted drafting tools to generate preliminary plans, completed only a cursory review, and produced documents with misaligned dimensions and omitted key safety features, which Client W instructed Engineer A to revise.
  • confidence assessment: 0.93
Client W Client
Client Role
Linked
Client Role
C7
Text References:
"was retained by Client W to prepare a comprehensive report"
"When Client W reviewed the draft report, Client W noted that the section analyzing the groundwater monitoring data would benefit from minor edits for grammar and clarity"
"Client W raised concerns about the accuracy and reliability of the engineering design and instructed Engineer A to revise the plans, ensuring that all elements satisfied the necessary professional and..."
Confidence: 0.93
Actor: Client W
Role Class: Client Role
Role Kind: participant
Additional Relationships:
  • {'type': 'retained', 'target': 'Engineer A', 'quote': 'was retained by Client W to prepare a comprehensive report'}
  • {'type': 'instructedRevisionBy', 'target': 'Engineer A', 'quote': 'instructed Engineer A to revise the plans, ensuring that all elements satisfied the necessary professional and regulatory standards'}
Case Involvement: Retained Engineer A for the contaminant report and design documents, provided the underlying information, reviewed the deliverables, noted the report read as if written by two different authors, and instructed Engineer A to revise the design plans after finding misaligned dimensions and omitted safety features.
Reviewsworkof: Engineer A
"When Client W reviewed the draft report, Client W noted that the section analyzing the groundwater monitoring data would benefit from minor edits for grammar an..."
[facts] "was retained by Client W to prepare a comprehensive report addressing the manufacture, use, and characteristics of an organic compound identified as an emerging contaminant of concern."
Field classification (triples vs literals)
Relations (structural triples)
  • actor: Client W
  • relationships: {'type': 'reviewsWorkOf', 'target': 'Engineer A', 'quote': 'When Client W reviewed the draft report, Client W noted that the section analyzing the groundwater monitoring data would benefit from minor edits for grammar and clarity'}
Literal extractions (kept for synthesis)
  • textReferences content: was retained by Client W to prepare a comprehensive report; When Client W reviewed the draft report, Client W noted that the section analyzing the groundwater monitoring data would benefit from minor edits for grammar and clarity; Client W raised concerns about the accuracy and reliability of the engineering design and instructed Engineer A to revise the plans, ensuring that all elements satisfied the necessary professional and regulatory standards.
  • roleClass content: Client Role
  • roleKind content: participant
  • additionalRelationships content: {'type': 'retained', 'target': 'Engineer A', 'quote': 'was retained by Client W to prepare a comprehensive report'}; {'type': 'instructedRevisionBy', 'target': 'Engineer A', 'quote': 'instructed Engineer A to revise the plans, ensuring that all elements satisfied the necessary professional and regulatory standards'}
  • caseInvolvement content: Retained Engineer A for the contaminant report and design documents, provided the underlying information, reviewed the deliverables, noted the report read as if written by two different authors, and instructed Engineer A to revise the design plans after finding misaligned dimensions and omitted safety features.
  • confidence assessment: 0.93
Engineer B Mentor Engineer
Mentor Engineer Role
Linked
Mentor Engineer Role
C7
Text References:
"Previously, Engineer A had relied on guidance and quality assurance reviews by their mentor and supervisor, Engineer B, to refine report drafts."
"But Engineer B recently retired and was no longer available to Engineer A in a work capacity."
Confidence: 0.9
Actor: Engineer B
Role Class: Mentor Engineer Role
Role Category: professional_peer
Role Kind: professional
Experience Level: Experienced mentor and supervisor
Additional Relationships: {'type': 'supervised', 'target': 'Engineer A', 'quote': 'their mentor and supervisor, Engineer B'}
Case Involvement: Formerly provided mentorship, guidance, and quality assurance reviews of Engineer A's report drafts as mentor and supervisor; recently retired and no longer available to Engineer A in a work capacity.
Availability: recently retired and no longer available to Engineer A in a work capacity
Professionalpeerof: Engineer A
"their mentor and supervisor, Engineer B"
Reviewsworkof: Engineer A
"Engineer A had relied on guidance and quality assurance reviews by their mentor and supervisor, Engineer B, to refine report drafts"
[facts] "Previously, Engineer A had relied on guidance and quality assurance reviews by their mentor and supervisor, Engineer B, to refine report drafts."
Field classification (triples vs literals)
Relations (structural triples)
  • actor: Engineer B
  • attributes: {'availability': 'recently retired and no longer available to Engineer A in a work capacity'}
  • relationships: {'type': 'professionalPeerOf', 'target': 'Engineer A', 'quote': 'their mentor and supervisor, Engineer B'}; {'type': 'reviewsWorkOf', 'target': 'Engineer A', 'quote': 'Engineer A had relied on guidance and quality assurance reviews by their mentor and supervisor, Engineer B, to refine report drafts'}
Literal extractions (kept for synthesis)
  • textReferences content: Previously, Engineer A had relied on guidance and quality assurance reviews by their mentor and supervisor, Engineer B, to refine report drafts.; But Engineer B recently retired and was no longer available to Engineer A in a work capacity.
  • roleClass content: Mentor Engineer Role
  • roleCategory content: professional_peer
  • roleKind content: professional
  • experienceLevel content: Experienced mentor and supervisor
  • additionalRelationships content: {'type': 'supervised', 'target': 'Engineer A', 'quote': 'their mentor and supervisor, Engineer B'}
  • caseInvolvement content: Formerly provided mentorship, guidance, and quality assurance reviews of Engineer A's report drafts as mentor and supervisor; recently retired and no longer available to Engineer A in a work capacity.
  • confidence assessment: 0.9

S States

States Classes
9
changed
Competence Gap State
rdfs:subClassOf States
Linked
Competence Gap State
C7
Definition
Extracted from facts primary
A condition in which an agent lacks or has insufficient competence for a portion of the work at hand, here a professional whose technical writing skill is weaker than their technical expertise and who previously depended on mentor review to compensate.
Inherited from CompetenceGapState · note
A condition in which an agent lacks, has insufficient, or has not exercised the competence required for the work at hand, undercutting the obligations that attach to it. Agent-level and action-scoped gap individuals are minted at the commit edge-materialization stage (decision D2'); an action-scoped gap is linked to the specific Action and licenses defeasibleUnder on the undercut obligation.
Properties
Text References:
"Engineer A is known for their strong technical expertise but is, personally, less confident in their technical writing."
Confidence: 0.88
State Category: competence
Persistence Type: inertial
Activation Conditions: Engineer A retained to prepare a comprehensive report requiring technical writing
Termination Conditions: Engineer A develops or otherwise secures adequate writing competence or review
Obligation Activation: Duty to compensate for the shortfall through review or assistance
Principle Transformation: The competence principle becomes a concrete question of how a writing shortfall is to be covered when preparing the client's report.
[facts] "Engineer A is known for their strong technical expertise but is, personally, less confident in their technical writing."
Field classification (triples vs literals)
Literal extractions (kept for synthesis)
  • textReferences content: Engineer A is known for their strong technical expertise but is, personally, less confident in their technical writing.
  • stateCategory content: competence
  • persistenceType content: inertial
  • principleTransformation content: The competence principle becomes a concrete question of how a writing shortfall is to be covered when preparing the client's report.
  • confidence assessment: 0.88
Derived (reconstructable from the graph)
  • activationConditions: Engineer A retained to prepare a comprehensive report requiring technical writing
  • terminationConditions: Engineer A develops or otherwise secures adequate writing competence or review
  • obligationActivation: Duty to compensate for the shortfall through review or assistance
changed
Tool Reliance State
rdfs:subClassOf States
Linked
ToolRelianceState
C7
Definition
Extracted from facts primary
A competence condition in which a professional relies on a tool to perform or substitute for portions of their professional work, here reliance on newly marketed open-sourced AI drafting software with which the professional has no previous experience to generate a report draft and preliminary design documents.
Properties
Text References:
"The AI drafting software was new to the market and Engineer A had no previous experience with the tool."
"relied on the AI software to synthesize the information and generate an initial draft of the necessary report"
Confidence: 0.9
State Category: competence
Persistence Type: inertial
Activation Conditions: Engineer A opts to use AI software to draft the report and design documents
Termination Conditions: Engineer A ceases to rely on the tool or fully validates its output
Obligation Activation: Duty to review and verify tool-generated work product
Principle Transformation: Reliance on an unfamiliar tool makes the general duty of competent practice a concrete duty to verify what the tool produces before delivering it.
[facts] "Engineer A opted to use open-sourced artificial intelligence (AI) software to create an initial draft of the necessary report and to use AI-assisted drafting tools to generate preliminary design docum..."
Field classification (triples vs literals)
Literal extractions (kept for synthesis)
  • textReferences content: The AI drafting software was new to the market and Engineer A had no previous experience with the tool.; relied on the AI software to synthesize the information and generate an initial draft of the necessary report
  • stateCategory content: competence
  • persistenceType content: inertial
  • principleTransformation content: Reliance on an unfamiliar tool makes the general duty of competent practice a concrete duty to verify what the tool produces before delivering it.
  • confidence assessment: 0.9
Derived (reconstructable from the graph)
  • activationConditions: Engineer A opts to use AI software to draft the report and design documents
  • terminationConditions: Engineer A ceases to rely on the tool or fully validates its output
  • obligationActivation: Duty to review and verify tool-generated work product
changed
Epistemic State
rdfs:subClassOf States
Linked
Epistemic State
C7
Definition
Extracted from facts primary
A condition of what an agent knows, believes, or is uncertain of with respect to facts material to a decision, here a professional's unfamiliarity with the full functionality of a software tool, including the accuracy and originality of its generated text.
Inherited from EpistemicState · note
A condition of what an agent knows, believes, or is uncertain of with respect to facts material to a decision. As a content kind it captures the agent's knowledge state, the Aristotelian and Sarmiento epistemic condition for responsibility: an agent is answerable for conduct in proportion to what the agent knew or should have known. Its deontic relevance is that knowledge conditions the obligations governing informed decision and decision-under-uncertainty.
Properties
Text References:
"Not being familiar with the full functionality of the AI software, including the accuracy and originality of AI-generated text"
Confidence: 0.85
State Category: epistemic
Persistence Type: inertial
Activation Conditions: Engineer A begins using an AI tool with no previous experience of it
Termination Conditions: Engineer A becomes familiar with the tool's functionality through use and verification
Obligation Activation: Duty to cross-check and verify AI-generated content before submission
Principle Transformation: Known uncertainty about the tool's output turns the general accuracy duty into a concrete duty to cross-check facts and verify originality before relying on the draft.
[facts] "Not being familiar with the full functionality of the AI software, including the accuracy and originality of AI-generated text, Engineer A conducted a thorough review of the report"
Field classification (triples vs literals)
Literal extractions (kept for synthesis)
  • textReferences content: Not being familiar with the full functionality of the AI software, including the accuracy and originality of AI-generated text
  • stateCategory content: epistemic
  • persistenceType content: inertial
  • principleTransformation content: Known uncertainty about the tool's output turns the general accuracy duty into a concrete duty to cross-check facts and verify originality before relying on the draft.
  • confidence assessment: 0.85
Derived (reconstructable from the graph)
  • activationConditions: Engineer A begins using an AI tool with no previous experience of it
  • terminationConditions: Engineer A becomes familiar with the tool's functionality through use and verification
  • obligationActivation: Duty to cross-check and verify AI-generated content before submission
changed
Inadequate Tool Review State
rdfs:subClassOf States
Linked
InadequateToolReviewState
C7
Definition
Extracted from facts primary
A competence condition in which a professional's review of tool-generated work product is cursory rather than thorough, so errors in the generated output may pass into the delivered work.
Properties
Text References:
"Engineer A completed a cursory review of the AI-generated plans and adjusted certain elements to align with site-specific conditions."
Confidence: 0.88
State Category: competence
Persistence Type: inertial
Activation Conditions: Engineer A completes only a cursory review of the AI-generated plans
Termination Conditions: Engineer A performs a thorough review and revision of the plans
Obligation Activation: Duty to revise the plans ensuring all elements satisfy professional and regulatory standards
Principle Transformation: The cursory review makes the duty of responsible charge over sealed and delivered work a concrete duty to thoroughly verify the AI-generated plans.
[facts] "Engineer A completed a cursory review of the AI-generated plans and adjusted certain elements to align with site-specific conditions."
Field classification (triples vs literals)
Literal extractions (kept for synthesis)
  • textReferences content: Engineer A completed a cursory review of the AI-generated plans and adjusted certain elements to align with site-specific conditions.
  • stateCategory content: competence
  • persistenceType content: inertial
  • principleTransformation content: The cursory review makes the duty of responsible charge over sealed and delivered work a concrete duty to thoroughly verify the AI-generated plans.
  • confidence assessment: 0.88
Derived (reconstructable from the graph)
  • activationConditions: Engineer A completes only a cursory review of the AI-generated plans
  • terminationConditions: Engineer A performs a thorough review and revision of the plans
  • obligationActivation: Duty to revise the plans ensuring all elements satisfy professional and regulatory standards
changed
MentorUnavailabilityState
rdfs:subClassOf States
Linked
MentorUnavailabilityState
C7
Definition
Extracted from facts primary
A resource condition in which a professional who previously relied on guidance and quality assurance review from a mentor or supervisor no longer has that person available in a work capacity, leaving the professional without the accustomed review support for their work products.
Properties
Text References:
"But Engineer B recently retired and was no longer available to Engineer A in a work capacity."
"Faced with the need to deliver both the report and the engineering design documents without the review by and mentorship from Engineer B"
Confidence: 0.9
State Category: resource
Persistence Type: inertial
Activation Conditions: Engineer B retired and was no longer available to Engineer A in a work capacity
Termination Conditions: Engineer A secures an alternative qualified reviewer or mentor
Obligation Activation: Duty to ensure adequate quality review of work products by other means
Principle Transformation: The loss of the accustomed review resource makes the general duty of competent, reviewed work a concrete question of how Engineer A will assure quality without Engineer B.
[facts] "But Engineer B recently retired and was no longer available to Engineer A in a work capacity."
Field classification (triples vs literals)
Literal extractions (kept for synthesis)
  • textReferences content: But Engineer B recently retired and was no longer available to Engineer A in a work capacity.; Faced with the need to deliver both the report and the engineering design documents without the review by and mentorship from Engineer B
  • stateCategory content: resource
  • persistenceType content: inertial
  • principleTransformation content: The loss of the accustomed review resource makes the general duty of competent, reviewed work a concrete question of how Engineer A will assure quality without Engineer B.
  • confidence assessment: 0.9
Derived (reconstructable from the graph)
  • activationConditions: Engineer B retired and was no longer available to Engineer A in a work capacity
  • terminationConditions: Engineer A secures an alternative qualified reviewer or mentor
  • obligationActivation: Duty to ensure adequate quality review of work products by other means
changed
Selective Reporting State
rdfs:subClassOf States
Linked
SelectiveReportingState
C7
Definition
Extracted from facts primary
A disclosure condition in which material information about how a work product was produced is withheld from the recipient, here the omission of any citation of the AI software and AI-assisted drafting tools used to generate the report and the engineering design documents.
Inherited from SelectiveReportingState · note
A condition of what information has been disclosed among the parties, here the state in which all available information about both design approaches, including risks and benefits, has been presented to the client's leadership.
Properties
Text References:
"Engineer A did not cite their use of AI-software or its large language models"
"Again, Engineer A did not cite the AI-assisted drafting tools they used to generate the engineering design documents."
Confidence: 0.9
State Category: disclosure
Persistence Type: inertial
Activation Conditions: Engineer A submits work products without citing the AI tools used to generate them
Termination Conditions: Engineer A discloses the use of the AI tools to Client W
Obligation Activation: Duty to disclose material facts about how deliverables were produced
Principle Transformation: Withholding the tool's role turns the honesty and full-disclosure ideals into a concrete question of whether the AI assistance must be cited to the client.
[facts] "Engineer A did not cite their use of AI-software or its large language models, and submitted the draft report to Client W for review"
Field classification (triples vs literals)
Literal extractions (kept for synthesis)
  • textReferences content: Engineer A did not cite their use of AI-software or its large language models; Again, Engineer A did not cite the AI-assisted drafting tools they used to generate the engineering design documents.
  • stateCategory content: disclosure
  • persistenceType content: inertial
  • principleTransformation content: Withholding the tool's role turns the honesty and full-disclosure ideals into a concrete question of whether the AI assistance must be cited to the client.
  • confidence assessment: 0.9
Derived (reconstructable from the graph)
  • activationConditions: Engineer A submits work products without citing the AI tools used to generate them
  • terminationConditions: Engineer A discloses the use of the AI tools to Client W
  • obligationActivation: Duty to disclose material facts about how deliverables were produced
changed
Regulatory Violation State
rdfs:subClassOf States
Linked
RegulatoryViolationState
C7
Definition
Extracted from facts primary
A condition in which a work product fails to satisfy a requirement in force for the situation, here design documents omitting key safety features required by local regulations.
Inherited from RegulatoryViolationState · note
A condition in which a policy or requirement is in force for the situation, here City policies requiring new infrastructure projects to be developed with climate resiliency in mind.
Properties
Text References:
"an omission of key safety features required by local regulations"
Confidence: 0.9
State Category: regulatory
Persistence Type: inertial
Activation Conditions: The AI-generated design documents omit key safety features required by local regulations
Termination Conditions: Engineer A revises the plans so all elements satisfy the necessary professional and regulatory standards
Obligation Activation: Duty to revise the plans, ensuring that all elements satisfied the necessary professional and regulatory standards
Principle Transformation: The regulatory shortfall converts the general compliance duty into a concrete instruction to revise the plans to meet local safety requirements.
[facts] "Client W, however, noticed several issues with the AI-generated design documents, including misaligned dimensions and an omission of key safety features required by local regulations."
Field classification (triples vs literals)
Literal extractions (kept for synthesis)
  • textReferences content: an omission of key safety features required by local regulations
  • stateCategory content: regulatory
  • persistenceType content: inertial
  • principleTransformation content: The regulatory shortfall converts the general compliance duty into a concrete instruction to revise the plans to meet local safety requirements.
  • confidence assessment: 0.9
Derived (reconstructable from the graph)
  • activationConditions: The AI-generated design documents omit key safety features required by local regulations
  • terminationConditions: Engineer A revises the plans so all elements satisfy the necessary professional and regulatory standards
  • obligationActivation: Duty to revise the plans, ensuring that all elements satisfied the necessary professional and regulatory standards
changed
Seal Authority State
rdfs:subClassOf States
Review
SealAuthorityState
C7
Definition
Extracted from facts primary
A regulatory condition concerning the application of a professional engineer's seal to a work product, here a draft report submitted to the client with language clearly identifying it as a draft and with the seal applied consistent with state law.
Properties
Text References:
"including language to clearly identify that the supplied report was a draft, but applied their seal consistent with state law"
Confidence: 0.85
State Category: regulatory
Persistence Type: inertial
Activation Conditions: Engineer A applies their seal to the draft report consistent with state law
Termination Conditions: The sealed draft is superseded by a final sealed report
Obligation Activation: Duty of responsible charge over sealed work
Principle Transformation: Applying the seal makes the responsible-charge ideal a concrete condition attaching Engineer A's professional accountability to the sealed draft report.
[facts] "submitted the draft report to Client W for review, including language to clearly identify that the supplied report was a draft, but applied their seal consistent with state law"
Field classification (triples vs literals)
Literal extractions (kept for synthesis)
  • textReferences content: including language to clearly identify that the supplied report was a draft, but applied their seal consistent with state law
  • stateCategory content: regulatory
  • persistenceType content: inertial
  • principleTransformation content: Applying the seal makes the responsible-charge ideal a concrete condition attaching Engineer A's professional accountability to the sealed draft report.
  • confidence assessment: 0.85
Derived (reconstructable from the graph)
  • activationConditions: Engineer A applies their seal to the draft report consistent with state law
  • terminationConditions: The sealed draft is superseded by a final sealed report
  • obligationActivation: Duty of responsible charge over sealed work
changed
Incomplete Submission State
rdfs:subClassOf States
Review
IncompleteSubmissionState
C7
Definition
Extracted from facts primary
A condition in which a delivered work product is deficient, containing errors or omissions that call its accuracy and reliability into question, here AI-generated design documents with misaligned dimensions and omitted safety features.
Properties
Text References:
"Client W, however, noticed several issues with the AI-generated design documents, including misaligned dimensions and an omission of key safety features required by local regulations."
Confidence: 0.85
State Category: risk
Persistence Type: inertial
Activation Conditions: Engineer A delivers AI-generated design documents containing misaligned dimensions and omissions
Termination Conditions: Engineer A revises the plans, ensuring that all elements satisfy the necessary professional and regulatory standards
Obligation Activation: Duty to revise the plans as instructed by Client W
Principle Transformation: The deficient deliverable turns the accuracy and reliability expectations into a concrete duty to revise the plans before they can be used.
[facts] "Client W raised concerns about the accuracy and reliability of the engineering design and instructed Engineer A to revise the plans"
Field classification (triples vs literals)
Literal extractions (kept for synthesis)
  • textReferences content: Client W, however, noticed several issues with the AI-generated design documents, including misaligned dimensions and an omission of key safety features required by local regulations.
  • stateCategory content: risk
  • persistenceType content: inertial
  • principleTransformation content: The deficient deliverable turns the accuracy and reliability expectations into a concrete duty to revise the plans before they can be used.
  • confidence assessment: 0.85
Derived (reconstructable from the graph)
  • activationConditions: Engineer A delivers AI-generated design documents containing misaligned dimensions and omissions
  • terminationConditions: Engineer A revises the plans, ensuring that all elements satisfy the necessary professional and regulatory standards
  • obligationActivation: Duty to revise the plans as instructed by Client W
States Individuals
9
Untested AI Tool Reliance
ToolRelianceState
Linked
ToolRelianceState
C7
Text References:
"The AI drafting software was new to the market and Engineer A had no previous experience with the tool."
"relied on the AI software to synthesize the information and generate an initial draft of the necessary report"
Confidence: 0.9
State Class: Tool Reliance State
Subject: Engineer A
Active Period: From the decision to use the AI software through the preparation of the report and design documents
Triggering Event: Engineer A opts to use open-sourced AI software after losing Engineer B's review
Affected Parties:
  • Engineer A
  • Client W
Urgency Level: medium
[facts] "Engineer A opted to use open-sourced artificial intelligence (AI) software to create an initial draft of the necessary report and to use AI-assisted drafting tools to generate preliminary design docum..."
Field classification (triples vs literals)
Literal extractions (kept for synthesis)
  • textReferences content: The AI drafting software was new to the market and Engineer A had no previous experience with the tool.; relied on the AI software to synthesize the information and generate an initial draft of the necessary report
  • stateClass content: Tool Reliance State
  • subject content: Engineer A
  • activePeriod content: From the decision to use the AI software through the preparation of the report and design documents
  • triggeringEvent content: Engineer A opts to use open-sourced AI software after losing Engineer B's review
  • affectedParties content: Engineer A; Client W
  • confidence assessment: 0.9
  • urgencyLevel assessment: medium
AI Tool Unfamiliarity
Epistemic State
Linked
Epistemic State
C7
Text References:
"Not being familiar with the full functionality of the AI software, including the accuracy and originality of AI-generated text"
Confidence: 0.87
State Class: Epistemic State
Subject: Engineer A
Active Period: While using the AI software for the report and design documents
Triggering Event: Engineer A begins using the AI software with no previous experience
Affected Parties:
  • Engineer A
  • Client W
Urgency Level: medium
[facts] "Not being familiar with the full functionality of the AI software, including the accuracy and originality of AI-generated text, Engineer A conducted a thorough review of the report"
Field classification (triples vs literals)
Literal extractions (kept for synthesis)
  • textReferences content: Not being familiar with the full functionality of the AI software, including the accuracy and originality of AI-generated text
  • stateClass content: Epistemic State
  • subject content: Engineer A
  • activePeriod content: While using the AI software for the report and design documents
  • triggeringEvent content: Engineer A begins using the AI software with no previous experience
  • affectedParties content: Engineer A; Client W
  • confidence assessment: 0.87
  • urgencyLevel assessment: medium
Omitted Safety Features Violation
RegulatoryViolationState
Linked
RegulatoryViolationState
C7
Text References:
"an omission of key safety features required by local regulations"
Confidence: 0.9
State Class: Regulatory Violation State
Subject: AI-generated design documents for the groundwater infrastructure modifications
Active Period: From delivery of the design documents until revision
Triggering Event: Engineer A delivers design documents omitting key safety features required by local regulations
Terminated By: Engineer A revises the plans, ensuring that all elements satisfy the necessary professional and regulatory standards
Affected Parties:
  • Client W
  • Public
Urgency Level: high
[facts] "Client W, however, noticed several issues with the AI-generated design documents, including misaligned dimensions and an omission of key safety features required by local regulations."
Field classification (triples vs literals)
Literal extractions (kept for synthesis)
  • textReferences content: an omission of key safety features required by local regulations
  • stateClass content: Regulatory Violation State
  • subject content: AI-generated design documents for the groundwater infrastructure modifications
  • activePeriod content: From delivery of the design documents until revision
  • triggeringEvent content: Engineer A delivers design documents omitting key safety features required by local regulations
  • terminatedBy content: Engineer A revises the plans, ensuring that all elements satisfy the necessary professional and regulatory standards
  • affectedParties content: Client W; Public
  • confidence assessment: 0.9
  • urgencyLevel assessment: high
Deficient AI Design Documents
IncompleteSubmissionState
Review
IncompleteSubmissionState
C7
Text References:
"Client W, however, noticed several issues with the AI-generated design documents, including misaligned dimensions and an omission of key safety features required by local regulations."
"Client W raised concerns about the accuracy and reliability of the engineering design"
Confidence: 0.87
State Class: Incomplete Submission State
Subject: AI-generated design documents delivered to Client W
Active Period: From delivery of the deficient design documents until revision
Triggering Event: Client W notices misaligned dimensions and omissions in the design documents
Terminated By: Engineer A revises the plans as instructed
Affected Parties: Client W
Urgency Level: high
[facts] "Client W raised concerns about the accuracy and reliability of the engineering design and instructed Engineer A to revise the plans, ensuring that all elements satisfied the necessary professional and..."
Field classification (triples vs literals)
Literal extractions (kept for synthesis)
  • textReferences content: Client W, however, noticed several issues with the AI-generated design documents, including misaligned dimensions and an omission of key safety features required by local regulations.; Client W raised concerns about the accuracy and reliability of the engineering design
  • stateClass content: Incomplete Submission State
  • subject content: AI-generated design documents delivered to Client W
  • activePeriod content: From delivery of the deficient design documents until revision
  • triggeringEvent content: Client W notices misaligned dimensions and omissions in the design documents
  • terminatedBy content: Engineer A revises the plans as instructed
  • affectedParties content: Client W
  • confidence assessment: 0.87
  • urgencyLevel assessment: high
Engineer B Review Unavailable
MentorUnavailabilityState
Linked
MentorUnavailabilityState
C7
Text References:
"But Engineer B recently retired and was no longer available to Engineer A in a work capacity."
Confidence: 0.92
State Class: Mentor Unavailability State
Subject: Engineer A
Active Period: From Engineer B's retirement through the delivery of the report and design documents
Triggering Event: Engineer B retired
Affected Parties:
  • Engineer A
  • Client W
Urgency Level: medium
[facts] "But Engineer B recently retired and was no longer available to Engineer A in a work capacity."
Field classification (triples vs literals)
Literal extractions (kept for synthesis)
  • textReferences content: But Engineer B recently retired and was no longer available to Engineer A in a work capacity.
  • stateClass content: Mentor Unavailability State
  • subject content: Engineer A
  • activePeriod content: From Engineer B's retirement through the delivery of the report and design documents
  • triggeringEvent content: Engineer B retired
  • affectedParties content: Engineer A; Client W
  • confidence assessment: 0.92
  • urgencyLevel assessment: medium
Engineer A Writing Shortfall
Competence Gap State
Linked
Competence Gap State
C7
Text References:
"Engineer A is known for their strong technical expertise but is, personally, less confident in their technical writing."
Confidence: 0.88
State Class: Competence Gap State
Subject: Engineer A
Active Period: Throughout the engagement with Client W
Triggering Event: Engineer A is retained to prepare a comprehensive report
Affected Parties:
  • Engineer A
  • Client W
Urgency Level: medium
[facts] "Engineer A is known for their strong technical expertise but is, personally, less confident in their technical writing."
Field classification (triples vs literals)
Literal extractions (kept for synthesis)
  • textReferences content: Engineer A is known for their strong technical expertise but is, personally, less confident in their technical writing.
  • stateClass content: Competence Gap State
  • subject content: Engineer A
  • activePeriod content: Throughout the engagement with Client W
  • triggeringEvent content: Engineer A is retained to prepare a comprehensive report
  • affectedParties content: Engineer A; Client W
  • confidence assessment: 0.88
  • urgencyLevel assessment: medium
Uncited AI Tool Use
SelectiveReportingState
Linked
SelectiveReportingState
C7
Text References:
"Engineer A did not cite their use of AI-software or its large language models"
"Again, Engineer A did not cite the AI-assisted drafting tools they used to generate the engineering design documents."
Confidence: 0.9
State Class: Selective Reporting State
Subject: Engineer A
Active Period: From submission of the report and design documents onward
Triggering Event: Engineer A submits the deliverables without citing the AI tools used
Affected Parties: Client W
Urgency Level: medium
[facts] "Engineer A did not cite their use of AI-software or its large language models, and submitted the draft report to Client W for review"
Field classification (triples vs literals)
Literal extractions (kept for synthesis)
  • textReferences content: Engineer A did not cite their use of AI-software or its large language models; Again, Engineer A did not cite the AI-assisted drafting tools they used to generate the engineering design documents.
  • stateClass content: Selective Reporting State
  • subject content: Engineer A
  • activePeriod content: From submission of the report and design documents onward
  • triggeringEvent content: Engineer A submits the deliverables without citing the AI tools used
  • affectedParties content: Client W
  • confidence assessment: 0.9
  • urgencyLevel assessment: medium
Cursory Review of AI Plans
InadequateToolReviewState
Linked
InadequateToolReviewState
C7
Text References:
"Engineer A completed a cursory review of the AI-generated plans and adjusted certain elements to align with site-specific conditions."
Confidence: 0.88
State Class: Inadequate Tool Review State
Subject: Engineer A
Active Period: From completion of the cursory review until the plans are revised
Triggering Event: Engineer A completes only a cursory review of the AI-generated plans
Terminated By: Engineer A revises the plans as instructed by Client W
Affected Parties: Client W
Urgency Level: high
[facts] "Engineer A completed a cursory review of the AI-generated plans and adjusted certain elements to align with site-specific conditions."
Field classification (triples vs literals)
Literal extractions (kept for synthesis)
  • textReferences content: Engineer A completed a cursory review of the AI-generated plans and adjusted certain elements to align with site-specific conditions.
  • stateClass content: Inadequate Tool Review State
  • subject content: Engineer A
  • activePeriod content: From completion of the cursory review until the plans are revised
  • triggeringEvent content: Engineer A completes only a cursory review of the AI-generated plans
  • terminatedBy content: Engineer A revises the plans as instructed by Client W
  • affectedParties content: Client W
  • confidence assessment: 0.88
  • urgencyLevel assessment: high
Sealed Draft Report
SealAuthorityState
Review
SealAuthorityState
C7
Text References:
"including language to clearly identify that the supplied report was a draft, but applied their seal consistent with state law"
Confidence: 0.85
State Class: Seal Authority State
Subject: Draft report submitted to Client W
Active Period: From application of the seal on the draft report onward
Triggering Event: Engineer A applies their seal to the draft report consistent with state law
Affected Parties:
  • Engineer A
  • Client W
Urgency Level: medium
[facts] "submitted the draft report to Client W for review, including language to clearly identify that the supplied report was a draft, but applied their seal consistent with state law"
Field classification (triples vs literals)
Literal extractions (kept for synthesis)
  • textReferences content: including language to clearly identify that the supplied report was a draft, but applied their seal consistent with state law
  • stateClass content: Seal Authority State
  • subject content: Draft report submitted to Client W
  • activePeriod content: From application of the seal on the draft report onward
  • triggeringEvent content: Engineer A applies their seal to the draft report consistent with state law
  • affectedParties content: Engineer A; Client W
  • confidence assessment: 0.85
  • urgencyLevel assessment: medium

Rs Resources

Resources Classes
2
changed
Legal Resource
rdfs:subClassOf Resources
Linked
Legal Resource
C7
Definition
Extracted from facts primary
Laws, regulations, and statutes governing professional practice that establish legal boundaries and compliance requirements, such as state sealing law and local safety regulations governing engineering design.
Inherited from LegalResource · note
Laws, regulations, and statutes governing professional practice that establish legal boundaries and compliance requirements for professional activities.
Properties
Text References:
"applied their seal consistent with state law"
"an omission of key safety features required by local regulations"
Confidence: 0.9
Resource Category: legal_resource
[facts] "Engineer A did not cite their use of AI-software or its large language models, and submitted the draft report to Client W for review, including language to clearly identify that the supplied report wa..."
Field classification (triples vs literals)
Literal extractions (kept for synthesis)
  • textReferences content: applied their seal consistent with state law; an omission of key safety features required by local regulations
  • resourceCategory content: legal_resource
  • confidence assessment: 0.9
changed
Reference Material
rdfs:subClassOf Resources
Linked
Reference Material
C7
Definition
Extracted from facts primary
Handbooks, manuals, guides, professional journal articles, datasets, and other documentation supporting professional practice with technical and procedural knowledge, consulted by practitioners to verify or ground their work.
Inherited from ReferenceMaterial · note
Handbooks, manuals, guides, and other documentation supporting professional practice with technical and procedural knowledge.
Properties
Text References:
"cross-checking key facts against professional journal articles"
"perform an analysis of groundwater monitoring data from a site Engineer A had been observing for over a year"
Confidence: 0.9
Resource Category: reference_material
[facts] "Not being familiar with the full functionality of the AI software, including the accuracy and originality of AI-generated text, Engineer A conducted a thorough review of the report, cross-checking key..."
Field classification (triples vs literals)
Literal extractions (kept for synthesis)
  • textReferences content: cross-checking key facts against professional journal articles; perform an analysis of groundwater monitoring data from a site Engineer A had been observing for over a year
  • resourceCategory content: reference_material
  • confidence assessment: 0.9
Resources Individuals
0
No new resources individuals were identified in this section.
Pass 1: Contextual Framework - Facts
Review extracted entities, then continue to the next step
Continue to Discussion Review
Case texts: National Society of Professional Engineers, Board of Ethical Review.

NOTE: The NSPE Board of Ethical Review considers ethical cases involving either real or hypothetical matters submitted to it from NSPE members, other engineers, public officials, and members of the public. The BER reviews each case in the context of the NSPE Code of Ethics and earlier BER opinions. The facts contained in each case do not necessarily represent all of the pertinent facts submitted to or reviewed by the BER and shall not be considered a direct evaluation of any real matter that may have been submitted.

Each opinion is intended as guidance to individual practicing engineers, students, and the public. In regard to the question of application of the NSPE Code of Ethics to engineering organizations (e.g., corporations, partnerships, sole proprietorships, government agencies, and university engineering departments), the specific business form or type should not negate nor detract from the conformance of individuals to the Code. The NSPE Code deals with professional services, which must be performed by real persons. Real persons in turn establish and implement policies within business structures.

This opinion is for educational purposes only and is not legal advice. It may be reprinted without further permission, provided that this statement is included before or after the text of the case and appropriate attribution is provided to the National Society of Professional Engineers' Board of Ethical Review.

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