Step 4: Synthesis Review

Case 60: Misrepresentation of Qualifications

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134

Entities

4

Provisions

13

Questions

8

Conclusions

Stalemate

Transformation
Stalemate Competing obligations remain in tension without clear resolution
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Synthesis Reasoning Flow
Shows how NSPE provisions inform questions and conclusions - the board's reasoning chain
Node Types & Relationships
Nodes:
NSPE Provisions Questions Conclusions Entities (labels)
Edge Colors:
Provision informs Question
Question answered by Conclusion
Provision applies to Entity
NSPE Code Provisions Referenced
View Extraction
I.1. I.1.

Full Text:

Hold paramount the safety, health, and welfare of the public.

Applies To:

role Engineer A
This provision governs Engineer A's duty to protect public safety when providing engineering testimony and expert services
state EngineerA_UnlicensedPractice_StateM
This provision relates to the state where unlicensed practice could compromise public safety through unqualified engineering testimony
principle JurisdictionalCompliance_StateM_Requirement
This provision embodies the principle that jurisdictional compliance protects public welfare by ensuring qualified practitioners
II.5.a. II.5.a.

Full Text:

Engineers shall not falsify their qualifications or permit misrepresentation of their or their associates' qualifications. They shall not misrepresent or exaggerate their responsibility in or for the subject matter of prior assignments. Brochures or other presentations incident to the solicitation of employment shall not misrepresent pertinent facts concerning employers, employees, associates, joint venturers, or past accomplishments.

Applies To:

role Engineer A
This provision directly governs Engineer A who misrepresented qualifications by using 'P.E.' designation without State M licensure
role ENGCO
This provision governs ENGCO's responsibility not to permit misrepresentation of their associates' qualifications
state EngineerA_CredentialMisrepresentation_ExpertReport
This provision directly addresses the state where credentials were misrepresented in the expert report
state EngineerA_CredentialMisrepresentation_StateM
This provision addresses the misrepresentation of P.E. credentials in State M jurisdiction
state ENGCO_CredentialMisrepresentation_Federal
This provision addresses ENGCO's misrepresentation of Engineer A's qualifications at the federal level
principle TruthfulRepresentation_EngineerA_Signature
This provision embodies the principle of truthful representation in professional signatures and credentials
principle QualificationIntegrity_Case95-10
This provision embodies the principle of maintaining integrity in qualification representations
principle TitleIntegrity_CurrentCase
This provision embodies the principle that professional titles must accurately reflect actual qualifications
obligation EngineerA_CredentialRepresentation_Obligation
This provision specifies Engineer A's obligation to accurately represent credentials
obligation ENGCO_Title_Accuracy_Obligation
This provision specifies ENGCO's obligation to ensure accurate representation of employee qualifications
constraint Engineer_A_Title_Representation_Limitation
This provision creates the constraint that Engineer A cannot use P.E. designation without proper licensure
constraint False_Credential_Constraint
This provision creates the constraint against falsifying professional credentials
action Exclude P.E. Designation Decision
This provision governs the action of deciding whether to exclude P.E. designation when not licensed in jurisdiction
action Use Alternative Credential Title
This provision governs the action of using alternative titles that accurately represent qualifications
event Expert Report Publication
This provision addresses the event where misrepresented qualifications were published in the expert report
III.1.d. III.1.d.

Full Text:

Engineers shall not attempt to attract an engineer from another employer by false or misleading pretenses.

III.3.a. III.3.a.

Full Text:

Engineers shall avoid the use of statements containing a material misrepresentation of fact or omitting a material fact.

Applies To:

role Engineer A
This provision governs Engineer A's use of statements that materially misrepresented licensure status by omitting State M non-licensure
role ENGCO
This provision governs ENGCO's statements that omitted the material fact of Engineer A's lack of State M licensure
state EngineerA_CredentialMisrepresentation_ExpertReport
This provision addresses the state where material facts about licensure were omitted in the expert report
principle Truthfulness_Case95-10
This provision embodies the principle of truthfulness by avoiding material misrepresentations
principle AvoidDeception_Case95-10
This provision embodies the principle of avoiding deception through omission of material facts
principle FullDisclosure_Case19-3
This provision embodies the principle of full disclosure of material facts
obligation EngineerA_Disclosure_LicensureStatus
This provision specifies the obligation to disclose material facts about licensure status
obligation Engineer_A_Disclosure_to_Attorney
This provision specifies the obligation to disclose material licensure facts to the attorney
capability EngineerA_CredentialRepresentation
This provision relates to the capability of accurately representing credentials without material omissions
Questions & Conclusions
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Each question is shown with its corresponding conclusion(s). This reveals the board's reasoning flow.
Rich Analysis Results
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Causal-Normative Links 3
Accept Expert Services Contract
Fulfills
  • EngineerA_Disclosure_LicensureStatus
  • Engineer_A_Disclosure_to_Attorney
Violates
  • Jurisdictional Licensing Obligation
  • EngineerA_StateMlicensing_Obligation
Exclude P.E. Designation Decision
Fulfills
  • Credential Representation Obligation
  • EngineerA_CredentialRepresentation_Obligation
  • Title Accuracy Obligation
Violates None
Use Alternative Credential Title
Fulfills
  • Credential Representation Obligation
  • EngineerA_CredentialRepresentation_Obligation
  • EngineerA_Disclosure_LicensureStatus
Violates
  • Title Accuracy Obligation
Question Emergence 13

Triggering Events
  • Expert Services Contract Formation
  • Expert Report Publication
  • Regulatory Jurisdiction Activation
Triggering Actions
  • Accept Expert Services Contract
  • Exclude_P.E._Designation_Decision
  • Use Alternative Credential Title
Competing Warrants
  • Credential Representation Obligation Jurisdictional Licensing Obligation
  • Title Accuracy Obligation Jurisdictional Compliance Obligation

Triggering Events
  • Expert Services Contract Formation
  • Regulatory Jurisdiction Activation
Triggering Actions
  • Accept Expert Services Contract
Competing Warrants
  • Engineer_A_Disclosure_to_Attorney Jurisdictional Licensing Obligation
  • EngineerA_Disclosure_LicensureStatus Engineer_A_Communication_Restriction

Triggering Events
  • Expert Services Contract Formation
  • Regulatory Jurisdiction Activation
Triggering Actions
  • Accept Expert Services Contract
  • Exclude_P.E._Designation_Decision
  • Use Alternative Credential Title
Competing Warrants
  • Credential Representation Obligation Jurisdictional Compliance Obligation
  • Title Accuracy Obligation Jurisdictional Licensing Obligation

Triggering Events
  • Expert Services Contract Formation
  • Expert Report Publication
Triggering Actions
  • Use Alternative Credential Title
  • Exclude_P.E._Designation_Decision
Competing Warrants
  • Credential Representation Obligation Jurisdictional Licensing Obligation
  • Title Accuracy Obligation Multi_State_Engineer_Clarity_Obligation

Triggering Events
  • Expert Services Contract Formation
  • Regulatory Jurisdiction Activation
Triggering Actions
  • Accept Expert Services Contract
Competing Warrants
  • Jurisdictional Compliance Obligation Jurisdictional Licensing Obligation

Triggering Events
  • Expert Services Contract Formation
  • Expert Report Publication
Triggering Actions
  • Accept Expert Services Contract
  • Exclude_P.E._Designation_Decision
  • Use Alternative Credential Title
Competing Warrants
  • Credential Representation Obligation Title Accuracy Obligation

Triggering Events
  • Expert Services Contract Formation
  • Regulatory Jurisdiction Activation
Triggering Actions
  • Accept Expert Services Contract
  • Exclude_P.E._Designation_Decision
Competing Warrants
  • Credential Representation Obligation EngineerA_Competence_JurisdictionalLimitation
  • EngineerA_Disclosure_LicensureStatus Engineer_A_Communication_Restriction

Triggering Events
  • Expert Services Contract Formation
  • Expert Report Publication
  • Regulatory Jurisdiction Activation
Triggering Actions
  • Accept Expert Services Contract
  • Exclude_P.E._Designation_Decision
  • Use Alternative Credential Title
Competing Warrants
  • Jurisdictional Licensing Obligation Credential Representation Obligation
  • EngineerA_StateMlicensing_Obligation_Engineer Engineer_A_Jurisdictional_Compliance_Engineer

Triggering Events
  • Expert Services Contract Formation
  • Expert Report Publication
  • Regulatory Jurisdiction Activation
Triggering Actions
  • Accept Expert Services Contract
  • Exclude_P.E._Designation_Decision
  • Use Alternative Credential Title
Competing Warrants
  • Credential Representation Obligation EngineerA_CredentialRepresentation_Obligation_Engineer
  • Jurisdictional Licensing Obligation EngineerA_StateMlicensing_Obligation_Engineer

Triggering Events
  • Expert Services Contract Formation
  • Expert Report Publication
Triggering Actions
  • Exclude_P.E._Designation_Decision
  • Use Alternative Credential Title
Competing Warrants
  • Credential Representation Obligation EngineerA_CredentialRepresentation_Obligation
  • Title Accuracy Obligation ENGCO_Title_Accuracy_Obligation

Triggering Events
  • Expert Services Contract Formation
  • Expert Report Publication
Triggering Actions
  • Use Alternative Credential Title
  • Exclude_P.E._Designation_Decision
Competing Warrants
  • Credential Representation Obligation Jurisdictional Licensing Obligation
  • EngineerA_Disclosure_LicensureStatus EngineerA_CredentialRepresentation_Obligation

Triggering Events
  • Expert Services Contract Formation
  • Regulatory Jurisdiction Activation
Triggering Actions
  • Accept Expert Services Contract
  • Exclude_P.E._Designation_Decision
Competing Warrants
  • Credential Representation Obligation Engineer_A_Communication_Restriction
  • EngineerA_Disclosure_LicensureStatus Engineer_A_Disclosure_to_Attorney

Triggering Events
  • Expert Services Contract Formation
  • Expert Report Publication
  • Regulatory Jurisdiction Activation
Triggering Actions
  • Accept Expert Services Contract
  • Use Alternative Credential Title
Competing Warrants
  • Jurisdictional Licensing Obligation Credential Representation Obligation
  • Title Accuracy Obligation Jurisdictional Compliance Obligation
Resolution Patterns 8

Determinative Principles
  • Competence-based expertise
  • Scope of service limitation
  • Non-engineering expert services distinction
Determinative Facts
  • Engineer A qualified as expert without relying on engineering qualifications
  • Services were explicitly 'non-engineering expert services'
  • Engineer A did not identify as licensed PE

Determinative Principles
  • Title integrity
  • Credential misrepresentation
  • Jurisdictional compliance
Determinative Facts
  • Engineer A used 'Board-certified Diplomate in Forensic Engineering' title
  • State M requires licensing for engineering practice
  • Title suggests engineering practice in legal context

Determinative Principles
  • Dual professional identity
  • Credential omission vs. misrepresentation distinction
  • Jurisdictional authorization boundaries
Determinative Facts
  • Engineers can operate in non-engineering capacities
  • Distinction between omission and misrepresentation
  • Jurisdictional limitations on authorization

Determinative Principles
  • Professional titles as implicit warranties
  • Credential contradiction concept
  • Court protection from misleading expertise
Determinative Facts
  • Forensic Engineering title suggests engineering practice in legal context
  • Conflicts with State M licensing requirements
  • Contradicts non-engineering service scope
  • Potential to mislead courts

Determinative Principles
  • Full disclosure duty
  • Transparent professional practice
  • Jurisdictional boundary clarification
Determinative Facts
  • Engineer A possessed engineering credentials
  • State M has licensing requirements
  • Potential for jurisdictional confusion existed
  • Attorney X sought non-engineering services

Determinative Principles
  • Professional virtues of honesty and integrity
  • Transparent communication over credential display
  • Accurate qualification reflection
Determinative Facts
  • Engineer A possessed genuine expertise
  • Used Forensic Engineering title without jurisdictional clarification
  • Failed to clarify non-engineering service nature

Determinative Principles
  • Regulatory compliance precedence
  • Competence demonstration through alternative means
  • Professional presentation adaptation
Determinative Facts
  • Engineer A possessed relevant expertise but lacked local licensing
  • Jurisdictional compliance requirements exist
  • Alternative competence demonstration possible

Determinative Principles
  • Transparency enhances independent judgment
  • Honest competence boundaries
  • Professional integrity through limitation acknowledgment
Determinative Facts
  • Transparency and independent judgment interact positively
  • Credential ambiguity does not preserve credibility
  • Clear disclosure strengthens expert position
Loading entity-grounded arguments...
Decision Points
View Extraction
Legend: PRO CON | N% = Validation Score
DP1 Engineer A faces a competence limitation related to jurisdictional boundaries in professional practice

Should Engineer A proceed with work that may exceed jurisdictional competence limitations?

Options:
  1. Decline work due to jurisdictional limitations
  2. Proceed with work despite limitations
Arguments:
A1 Score: 60%

Engineer A should decline work due to jurisdictional limitations

Because Competence JurisdictionalLimitation requires this action

A2 Score: 60%

Engineer A should NOT decline work due to jurisdictional limitations

Because appropriate delegation may better serve this situation

A3 Score: 60%

Engineer A should proceed with work despite limitations

Because this promotes Professional Judgment

A4 Score: 60%

Engineer A should NOT proceed with work despite limitations

Because appropriate delegation may better serve this situation

40% aligned
DP2 Exploring alternative arrangements to address competence gaps while serving client needs

What alternative arrangements could Engineer A pursue to address jurisdictional competence limitations?

Options:
  1. Collaborate with jurisdictionally qualified engineer
  2. Seek additional jurisdictional authorization
  3. Refer client to qualified practitioner
Arguments:
A9 Score: 60%

Engineer A should adopt the Refer client to qualified practitioner

Because Professional Service Obligation requires this action

A10 Score: 60%

Engineer A should NOT adopt the Refer client to qualified practitioner

Because competing professional interests may be affected

A5 Score: 60%

Engineer A should adopt the Collaborate with jurisdictionally qualified engineer

Because Professional Service Obligation requires this action

A6 Score: 60%

Engineer A should NOT adopt the Collaborate with jurisdictionally qualified engineer

Because competing professional interests may be affected

A7 Score: 40%

Engineer A should seek additional jurisdictional authorization

Because Professional Service Obligation requires this action

A8 Score: 60%

Engineer A should NOT seek additional jurisdictional authorization

Because competing professional interests may be affected

75% aligned
DP3 Disclosure obligations regarding jurisdictional competence limitations to clients

What disclosure obligations does Engineer A have regarding jurisdictional competence limitations?

Options:
  1. Fully disclose jurisdictional limitations upfront
  2. Disclose only if directly asked
Arguments:
A11 Score: 60%

Engineer A should fully disclose jurisdictional limitations upfront

Because Disclosure Obligation requires this action

A12 Score: 60%

Engineer A should NOT fully disclose jurisdictional limitations upfront

Because this may compromise confidentiality obligations

A13 Score: 60%

Engineer A should proceed with disclose only when directly asked

Because this promotes Disclosure

A14 Score: 60%

Engineer A should NOT proceed with disclose only when directly asked

Because this may compromise confidentiality obligations

70% aligned
DP4 Professional development obligations to address competence gaps

What professional development obligations arise from Engineer A's jurisdictional competence limitations?

Options:
  1. Actively pursue additional jurisdictional qualifications
  2. Maintain current practice scope
Arguments:
A15 Score: 60%

Engineer A should adopt the Actively pursue additional jurisdictional qualifications

Because Continuing Competence Obligation requires this action

A16 Score: 60%

Engineer A should NOT adopt the Actively pursue additional jurisdictional qualifications

Because appropriate delegation may better serve this situation

A17 Score: 40%

Engineer A should maintain current practice scope

Because this promotes Professional Judgment

A18 Score: 60%

Engineer A should NOT maintain current practice scope

Because appropriate delegation may better serve this situation

65% aligned
Case Narrative

Phase 4 narrative construction results for Case 60

11
Characters
10
Events
4
Conflicts
10
Fluents
Opening Context

You are a licensed professional engineer contracted by ENGCO to provide expert witness testimony in a complex legal case that spans multiple state jurisdictions. As you prepare your technical analysis and expert report, questions arise about the proper representation of your credentials and licensing authority across different states. The intersection of legal requirements, professional ethics, and jurisdictional boundaries will soon test your understanding of proper engineering practice standards.

From the perspective of Engineer A
Characters (11)
Attorney X Stakeholder

Legal counsel representing a party in litigation who requires expert engineering testimony to support their case.

Motivations:
  • Seeks to obtain credible, qualified expert witness testimony to strengthen their client's legal position and win the case.
ENGCO Stakeholder

An engineering consulting company that provides expert witness services and employs engineers for litigation support.

Motivations:
  • Aims to secure profitable expert witness contracts while maintaining the firm's reputation and avoiding liability for misrepresentation.
key personnel Stakeholder

Senior staff members at ENGCO responsible for business development, client relations, and oversight of expert witness assignments.

Motivations:
  • Focused on generating revenue and maintaining client relationships while ensuring the company's engineering credentials meet legal requirements.
Engineer A Protagonist

A practicing engineer employed by or contracted with ENGCO to serve as an expert witness in legal proceedings.

Motivations:
  • Seeks to provide professional engineering expertise while ensuring compliance with licensing requirements and ethical obligations for truthful credential representation.
Defendant's attorney Stakeholder

Legal counsel representing the opposing party who may challenge the qualifications and licensing status of the plaintiff's expert witnesses.

Motivations:
  • Aims to discredit or exclude opposing expert testimony by exposing any misrepresentations of credentials or licensing violations.
Engineer B Stakeholder
Plaintiff's attorney Stakeholder
Engineer Intern Stakeholder
prospective employer Stakeholder
Consultant A Stakeholder
non-engineering expert services Stakeholder
Ethical Tensions (4)
Engineer A must accurately represent credentials while being constrained from providing engineering testimony in State M without proper licensing, creating tension between professional service obligations and jurisdictional limitations LLM
Credential Representation Obligation State_M_Engineering_Testimony_License_Requirement
Obligation vs Constraint
Affects: Engineer A Attorney X Forensic Engineering Expert
Moral Intensity (Jones 1991):
Magnitude: high Probability: high immediate direct concentrated
Engineer A has an obligation to disclose licensing status but faces constraints on cross-jurisdictional practice, creating tension between transparency requirements and practice limitations that could affect case outcomes LLM
EngineerA_Disclosure_LicensureStatus Cross-Jurisdictional Practice Constraint
Obligation vs Constraint
Affects: Engineer A Plaintiff's attorney Defendant's attorney
Moral Intensity (Jones 1991):
Magnitude: high Probability: medium immediate direct concentrated
The obligation to maintain accurate professional titles conflicts with constraints on using forensic engineering titles without proper jurisdiction-specific credentials, affecting professional representation in legal proceedings LLM
Title Accuracy Obligation Forensic_Engineering_Title_Constraint
Obligation vs Constraint
Affects: Engineer A Forensic Engineering Expert ENGCO
Moral Intensity (Jones 1991):
Magnitude: medium Probability: high immediate direct concentrated
Engineers practicing across multiple states must provide clarity about their qualifications, but face communication restrictions that may limit their ability to fully explain their jurisdictional limitations and competencies LLM
Multi_State_Engineer_Clarity_Obligation Engineer_A_Communication_Restriction
Obligation vs Constraint
Affects: Engineer A Engineering Standards Committee Chair Attorney X
Moral Intensity (Jones 1991):
Magnitude: medium Probability: medium near-term direct diffuse
States (10)
Cross-Jurisdictional Practice State EngineerA_CrossJurisdictional_StateM EngineerA_CredentialMisrepresentation_ExpertReport StateM_RegulatoryCompliance_EngineeringTestimony Credential Misrepresentation State Unlicensed Practice State Ambiguous Credential Presentation State EngineerA_CredentialMisrepresentation_StateM EngineerA_UnlicensedPractice_StateM ENGCO_CredentialMisrepresentation_Federal
Event Timeline (10)
# Event Type
1 An engineering case begins involving cross-jurisdictional practice, where Engineer A holds professional engineering credentials in one state but seeks to provide services in another jurisdiction. This situation creates potential regulatory complications regarding the validity and recognition of professional credentials across state boundaries. state
2 Engineer A accepts a contract to provide expert services, likely involving technical analysis, testimony, or professional consultation. This contractual agreement establishes the foundation for the professional relationship and defines the scope of services to be rendered. action
3 Engineer A makes a deliberate decision to exclude their Professional Engineer (P.E.) designation from their professional representation. This choice suggests awareness of potential regulatory restrictions or concerns about the validity of using the P.E. title in the current jurisdiction. action
4 Instead of using the P.E. designation, Engineer A adopts an alternative professional credential or title to represent their qualifications. This substitution attempts to maintain professional credibility while potentially avoiding regulatory violations related to unlicensed practice. action
5 The expert services contract is formally established and executed between the parties. This formalization creates legal obligations and professional responsibilities that Engineer A must fulfill while navigating the credential representation challenges. automatic
6 Engineer A publishes or submits their expert report using the alternative credential designation rather than their P.E. title. This action represents the culmination of their decision to practice under modified professional representation. automatic
7 Regulatory authorities become aware of Engineer A's activities and begin to examine the appropriateness of their credential usage and practice. This activation of regulatory oversight introduces potential consequences for the engineer's professional conduct and credential representation. automatic
8 A fundamental ethical conflict emerges as Engineer A faces the challenge of accurately representing their professional qualifications while being restricted from using their legitimate P.E. designation. This tension highlights the complex intersection of professional honesty, regulatory compliance, and cross-jurisdictional practice limitations. automatic
9 Engineer A has an obligation to disclose licensing status but faces constraints on cross-jurisdictional practice, creating tension between transparency requirements and practice limitations that could affect case outcomes automatic
10 Provided that Engineer A qualified as an expert without relying on engineering qualifications, Engineer A’s self-presentation as a consultant-expert without identifying status as a licensed profession outcome
Timeline Flow

Sequential action-event relationships. See Analysis tab for action-obligation links.

Enables (action → event)
  • Accept Expert Services Contract Exclude_P.E._Designation_Decision
  • Exclude_P.E._Designation_Decision Use Alternative Credential Title
  • Use Alternative Credential Title Expert Services Contract Formation
Key Takeaways
  • Engineers can serve as expert witnesses in jurisdictions where they lack engineering licensure by qualifying based on non-engineering expertise and avoiding engineering-specific titles or claims.
  • Professional integrity requires clear disclosure of licensing limitations when the engineer's qualifications might be misunderstood, even when not explicitly required to practice engineering.
  • Cross-jurisdictional practice constraints create legitimate pathways for professional service that don't compromise ethical obligations when properly structured and disclosed.