Step 4: Synthesis Review
Case 71: Failure To Include Information In Engineering Report
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Synthesis Reasoning Flow
Shows how NSPE provisions inform questions and conclusions - the board's reasoning chainNode Types & Relationships
→ Question answered by Conclusion
→ Provision applies to Entity
NSPE Code Provisions Referenced
View ExtractionII.3.a. II.3.a.
Full Text:
Engineers shall be objective and truthful in professional reports, statements, or testimony. They shall include all relevant and pertinent information in such reports, statements, or testimony, which should bear the date indicating when it was current.
Applies To:
II.3.b. II.3.b.
Full Text:
Engineers may express publicly technical opinions that are founded upon knowledge of the facts and competence in the subject matter.
Applies To:
II.3.c. II.3.c.
Full Text:
Engineers shall issue no statements, criticisms, or arguments on technical matters that are inspired or paid for by interested parties, unless they have prefaced their comments by explicitly identifying the interested parties on whose behalf they are speaking, and by revealing the existence of any interest the engineers may have in the matters.
Applies To:
III.1.a. III.1.a.
Full Text:
Engineers shall acknowledge their errors and shall not distort or alter the facts.
Applies To:
III.1.b. III.1.b.
Full Text:
Engineers shall advise their clients or employers when they believe a project will not be successful.
Applies To:
III.3.a. III.3.a.
Full Text:
Engineers shall avoid the use of statements containing a material misrepresentation of fact or omitting a material fact.
Applies To:
Questions & Conclusions
View ExtractionQuestion 1 Board Question
Was it ethical for Engineer B to not have included the failed operation of the test equipment in his report?
It was unethical for Engineer B to issue his report without mentioning the failed operation of the testing equipment.
Beyond the Board's finding that Engineer B violated ethical obligations by omitting equipment failures, this case reveals a deeper systemic failure in professional methodology. Engineer B's selective reporting demonstrates how adversarial contexts can corrupt the fundamental engineering obligation to present complete technical facts. The omission of dynamic test equipment failures (PileTest_EquipmentFailure_DynamicTestEquipment) was not merely a reporting oversight but represented a fundamental breach of the engineering profession's commitment to evidence-based analysis. This extends beyond simple honesty to encompass the professional duty to acknowledge methodological limitations that could affect technical conclusions.
Question 2 Board Question
Was it ethical for Engineer B not to communicate with any representatives of Engineer A about the project?
It was unethical for Engineer B to not communicate with any representative of Engineer A about the project.
The Board's conclusion about Engineer B's failure to communicate with stakeholders reveals a critical gap in professional practice standards for expert witness engagements. The constraint EngineerB_StakeholderConsultation_Constraint demonstrates that Engineer B operated under a self-imposed limitation that fundamentally compromised his ability to fulfill the obligation EngineerB_FactGathering_Inquiry. This case establishes that expert engineers cannot ethically accept engagements where client expectations or adversarial positioning would prevent them from conducting thorough fact-gathering, regardless of whether such limitations serve the client's immediate interests.
Question 3 Board Question
Was it ethical for Engineer B not to communicate with the contractor’s supervisor and workers who were on the job during construction?
It was unethical for Engineer B to not communicate with the contractor’s supervisor and workers who were on the job during construction.
The Board's conclusion about Engineer B's failure to communicate with stakeholders reveals a critical gap in professional practice standards for expert witness engagements. The constraint EngineerB_StakeholderConsultation_Constraint demonstrates that Engineer B operated under a self-imposed limitation that fundamentally compromised his ability to fulfill the obligation EngineerB_FactGathering_Inquiry. This case establishes that expert engineers cannot ethically accept engagements where client expectations or adversarial positioning would prevent them from conducting thorough fact-gathering, regardless of whether such limitations serve the client's immediate interests.
Question 4 Board Question
Was it ethical for Engineer B to issue his report without mentioning that the 19 piles questioned had, according to the driving records, met refusal?
It was unethical for Engineer B to issue his report without mentioning that the 19 piles questioned had, according to the driving records, met refusal.
Question 5 Implicit
Should Engineer B have disclosed the scope limitations of his testing methodology before beginning the pile test program?
Addressing the implicit question about scope limitations (Q101), Engineer B had an affirmative ethical duty to disclose the constraints of his testing methodology before beginning the pile test program. The capability EngineerB_ScopeLimitation_Unrecognized demonstrates that Engineer B failed to recognize how methodological deviations would affect the validity of his conclusions. Professional competence requires not only technical skill but also the intellectual honesty to acknowledge when testing conditions cannot replicate original circumstances. Engineer B should have disclosed that vibratory hammer usage, different penetration depths, and equipment reliability issues would limit the applicability of his findings to the original pile installation.
Question 6 Implicit
What ethical obligations did the municipality have in creating an adversarial relationship between Engineer A and Engineer B?
The Board's conclusion about Engineer B's failure to communicate with stakeholders reveals a critical gap in professional practice standards for expert witness engagements. The constraint EngineerB_StakeholderConsultation_Constraint demonstrates that Engineer B operated under a self-imposed limitation that fundamentally compromised his ability to fulfill the obligation EngineerB_FactGathering_Inquiry. This case establishes that expert engineers cannot ethically accept engagements where client expectations or adversarial positioning would prevent them from conducting thorough fact-gathering, regardless of whether such limitations serve the client's immediate interests.
Question 7 Implicit
Should Engineer B have recognized and addressed the potential for confirmation bias given his client's position in the litigation?
This case reveals how the principle tension between Loyalty_Case77_Discussion_Misapplied and Objectivity_Case77_Discussion_Adversarial was incorrectly resolved through a false understanding of client loyalty. Engineer B's state Municipality_EngineerA_AdversarialRelationship_SettlementDispute led him to believe that serving his client required advocacy rather than objective analysis. However, true professional loyalty demands providing clients with technically sound, complete analysis rather than selective presentation that might support their position. The Board's resolution demonstrates that ProfessionalAccountability_Case77_Discussion_Independent must take precedence over misguided client advocacy, as engineers serve the public trust through technical competence, not through partisan analysis.
Question 8 Principle Tension
How should Engineer B balance client loyalty against professional objectivity when the Loyalty_Case77_Discussion_Misapplied principle conflicts with Objectivity_Case77_Discussion_Adversarial?
This case reveals how the principle tension between Loyalty_Case77_Discussion_Misapplied and Objectivity_Case77_Discussion_Adversarial was incorrectly resolved through a false understanding of client loyalty. Engineer B's state Municipality_EngineerA_AdversarialRelationship_SettlementDispute led him to believe that serving his client required advocacy rather than objective analysis. However, true professional loyalty demands providing clients with technically sound, complete analysis rather than selective presentation that might support their position. The Board's resolution demonstrates that ProfessionalAccountability_Case77_Discussion_Independent must take precedence over misguided client advocacy, as engineers serve the public trust through technical competence, not through partisan analysis.
Question 9 Principle Tension
Does the ProfessionalCompetence_TestingMethods principle conflict with ProfessionalAccountability_ReportOmissions when incomplete testing methodology still yields valid conclusions?
The interaction between IntellectualHonesty_EngineerB_Records and ProfessionalAccountability_ReportOmissions demonstrates that professional competence cannot be separated from complete disclosure. Engineer B's capability EngineerB_FailedInterpretiveTransparency shows that technical competence without transparency becomes professionally meaningless. This case establishes that the principle of Honesty_Case77_Discussion_Completeness requires engineers to present not only their conclusions but also the evidentiary basis and methodological limitations that inform those conclusions. The synthesis reveals that professional accountability demands intellectual courage to present information that may not support the client's preferred narrative.
Question 10 Principle Tension
How does IntellectualHonesty_EngineerB_Records conflict with ProfessionalAccountability_Case77_Discussion_Independent when complete fact-gathering might compromise perceived independence?
The interaction between IntellectualHonesty_EngineerB_Records and ProfessionalAccountability_ReportOmissions demonstrates that professional competence cannot be separated from complete disclosure. Engineer B's capability EngineerB_FailedInterpretiveTransparency shows that technical competence without transparency becomes professionally meaningless. This case establishes that the principle of Honesty_Case77_Discussion_Completeness requires engineers to present not only their conclusions but also the evidentiary basis and methodological limitations that inform those conclusions. The synthesis reveals that professional accountability demands intellectual courage to present information that may not support the client's preferred narrative.
From a deontological perspective, did Engineer B fulfill his categorical duty of truthfulness when he omitted equipment failures and driving record contradictions from his report?
Beyond the Board's finding that Engineer B violated ethical obligations by omitting equipment failures, this case reveals a deeper systemic failure in professional methodology. Engineer B's selective reporting demonstrates how adversarial contexts can corrupt the fundamental engineering obligation to present complete technical facts. The omission of dynamic test equipment failures (PileTest_EquipmentFailure_DynamicTestEquipment) was not merely a reporting oversight but represented a fundamental breach of the engineering profession's commitment to evidence-based analysis. This extends beyond simple honesty to encompass the professional duty to acknowledge methodological limitations that could affect technical conclusions.
Responding to the deontological analysis question (Q301), Engineer B fundamentally violated his categorical duty of truthfulness through both commission and omission. From a Kantian perspective, Engineer B's actions fail the universalizability test - if all expert engineers omitted contradictory evidence and equipment failures, the entire system of technical expert testimony would collapse. The state EngineerB_SelectiveDataPresentation_PileTestReport represents a form of deception that treats the recipients of his report merely as means to serve his client's interests, rather than as rational agents deserving complete information. This violates the fundamental dignity of professional discourse.
From a consequentialist perspective, did the successful confirmation of pile strength increase justify Engineer B's methodological shortcuts and communication omissions?
From a virtue ethics perspective, did Engineer B demonstrate professional integrity and intellectual courage when he failed to acknowledge the limitations and contradictions in his analysis?
Question 14 Counterfactual
Would Engineer B's ethical obligations have been different if he had been retained as a neutral expert rather than by one party to the litigation?
Question 15 Counterfactual
What if Engineer B had disclosed all equipment failures and methodological limitations but still concluded that the piles met safety requirements - would this have satisfied his ethical obligations?
Question 16 Counterfactual
How might the outcome have differed if Engineer B had consulted with Engineer A and the contractor's personnel before conducting his analysis?
Rich Analysis Results
View ExtractionCausal-Normative Links 7
Initial Dock Design Decision
- EngineerA_DutyOfCare_PileDesign
Expert Witness Engagement
- Objective Expert Analysis
Independent Engineer Retention
- Objective Expert Analysis
Scope Limitation Decision
- Due Diligence in Investigation
- Fact-Gathering Diligence
Communication Avoidance Decision
- Due Diligence in Investigation
- Fact-Gathering Diligence
Field Investigation Omission
- Due Diligence in Investigation
- Verification of Source Data
Critical Information Omission
- Complete and Accurate Reporting
- Disclosure of Testing Limitations
- Complete Technical Reporting
Question Emergence 16
Triggering Events
- Equipment Failures During Testing
- Test Pile Driving
- Critical Data Exclusion
Triggering Actions
- Critical Information Omission
Competing Warrants
- Complete and Accurate Reporting Objective Expert Analysis
- Disclosure of Testing Limitations Complete Technical Reporting
- Technical Fact Exposition Objective Technical Analysis
Triggering Events
- Expert Witness Engagement
- Independent Engineer Retention
Triggering Actions
- Communication Avoidance Decision
- Field Investigation Omission
Competing Warrants
- Due Diligence in Investigation Objective Expert Analysis
- Fact-Gathering Diligence Technical Fact Exposition
Triggering Events
- Test Pile Driving
- Equipment Failures During Testing
- Expert Witness Engagement
Triggering Actions
- Communication Avoidance Decision
- Scope Limitation Decision
- Field Investigation Omission
Competing Warrants
- Due Diligence in Investigation Objective Expert Analysis
- Fact-Gathering Diligence Technical Fact Exposition
Triggering Events
- Critical Information Omission
- Expert Witness Engagement
Triggering Actions
- Critical Data Exclusion
- Field Investigation Omission
Competing Warrants
- Complete and Accurate Reporting Objective Expert Analysis
- Complete Technical Reporting Verification of Source Data
- Technical Fact Exposition Objective Technical Analysis
Triggering Events
- Test Pile Driving
- Equipment Failures During Testing
- Expert Witness Engagement
Triggering Actions
- Scope Limitation Decision
- Communication Avoidance Decision
- Critical Information Omission
Competing Warrants
- Disclosure of Testing Limitations Objective Expert Analysis
- Complete Technical Reporting Technical Fact Exposition
Triggering Events
- Contractor Legal Action
- Expert Witness Engagement
- Independent Engineer Retention
Triggering Actions
- Communication Avoidance Decision
- Scope Limitation Decision
Competing Warrants
- Objective Expert Analysis Technical Fact Exposition
- Fact-Gathering Diligence Due Diligence in Investigation
Triggering Events
- Contractor Legal Action
- Expert Witness Engagement
- Equipment Failures During Testing
- Critical Data Exclusion
- Communication Avoidance Decision
Triggering Actions
- Field Investigation Omission
- Critical Information Omission
- Scope Limitation Decision
Competing Warrants
- Objective Expert Analysis Objective Technical Analysis
- Complete and Accurate Reporting Complete Technical Reporting
- Due Diligence in Investigation Fact-Gathering Diligence
Triggering Events
- Expert Witness Engagement
- Equipment Failures During Testing
- Critical Data Exclusion
- Communication Avoidance Decision
- Critical Information Omission
Triggering Actions
- Scope Limitation Decision
- Field Investigation Omission
Competing Warrants
- Objective Expert Analysis EngineerB_ClientService_RationalPresentation
- Complete and Accurate Reporting EngineerB_ObjectiveAnalysis_SelectiveData
- Technical Fact Exposition Objective Technical Analysis
Triggering Events
- Equipment Failures During Testing
- Test Pile Driving
- Critical Data Exclusion
Triggering Actions
- Scope Limitation Decision
- Critical Information Omission
- Expert Witness Engagement
Competing Warrants
- Disclosure of Testing Limitations Objective Expert Analysis
- Complete and Accurate Reporting Complete Technical Reporting
Triggering Events
- Expert Witness Engagement
- Independent Engineer Retention
- Critical Data Exclusion
- Communication Avoidance Decision
Triggering Actions
- Field Investigation Omission
- Critical Information Omission
- Scope Limitation Decision
Competing Warrants
- Fact-Gathering Diligence Objective Expert Analysis
- Complete Technical Reporting EngineerB_ObjectiveExpertAnalysis
Triggering Events
- Equipment Failures During Testing
- Critical Data Exclusion
- Critical Information Omission
Triggering Actions
- Field Investigation Omission
- Communication Avoidance Decision
Competing Warrants
- Complete and Accurate Reporting Objective Expert Analysis
- Disclosure of Testing Limitations Complete Technical Reporting
Triggering Events
- Equipment Failures During Testing
- Test Pile Driving
- Critical Data Exclusion
- Settlement Agreement Reached
Triggering Actions
- Communication Avoidance Decision
- Field Investigation Omission
- Critical Information Omission
- Scope Limitation Decision
Competing Warrants
- Complete and Accurate Reporting Objective Technical Analysis
- Disclosure of Testing Limitations Technical Fact Exposition
Triggering Events
- Equipment Failures During Testing
- Pile Safety Failures Identified
- Critical Data Exclusion
- Expert Witness Engagement
Triggering Actions
- Communication Avoidance Decision
- Field Investigation Omission
- Critical Information Omission
Competing Warrants
- Complete and Accurate Reporting Objective Expert Analysis
- Disclosure of Testing Limitations Complete Technical Reporting
- Technical Fact Exposition Objective Technical Analysis
Triggering Events
- Expert Witness Engagement
- Contractor Legal Action
- Settlement Agreement Reached
Triggering Actions
- Critical Information Omission
- Communication Avoidance Decision
- Field Investigation Omission
Competing Warrants
- Objective Expert Analysis Objective Technical Analysis
- Complete and Accurate Reporting Complete Technical Reporting
- Due Diligence in Investigation Fact-Gathering Diligence
Triggering Events
- Equipment Failures During Testing
- Test Pile Driving
- Expert Witness Engagement
Triggering Actions
- Critical Information Omission
- Field Investigation Omission
- Communication Avoidance Decision
Competing Warrants
- Disclosure of Testing Limitations Objective Expert Analysis
- Complete and Accurate Reporting Due Diligence in Investigation
Triggering Events
- Expert Witness Engagement
- Independent Engineer Retention
- Equipment Failures During Testing
- Critical Data Exclusion
Triggering Actions
- Communication Avoidance Decision
- Scope Limitation Decision
- Critical Information Omission
Competing Warrants
- Fact-Gathering Diligence Objective Expert Analysis
- Due Diligence in Investigation Objective Technical Analysis
Resolution Patterns 10
Determinative Principles
- Professional objectivity and truthfulness
- Complete disclosure of material facts
- Intellectual honesty in reporting
Determinative Facts
- Testing equipment failed during pile testing
- Engineer B omitted equipment failures from his report
- Equipment failures could affect validity of test results
Determinative Principles
- Thorough fact-gathering
- Professional competence
- Objective analysis
Determinative Facts
- Engineer A was the original design engineer
- Engineer A had direct knowledge of design decisions
- Engineer B conducted no consultation with Engineer A
Determinative Principles
- Comprehensive fact-gathering
- Professional thoroughness
- Evidence-based analysis
Determinative Facts
- Contractor personnel had firsthand knowledge of construction conditions
- Construction circumstances could affect pile performance
- Engineer B made no effort to gather this information
Determinative Principles
- Complete factual disclosure
- Objective reporting
- Intellectual honesty
Determinative Facts
- Driving records showed 19 piles met refusal criteria
- This information contradicted concerns about pile adequacy
- Engineer B omitted this favorable evidence from his report
Determinative Principles
- Evidence-based analysis
- Professional methodology
- Fundamental engineering obligation to present complete technical facts
Determinative Facts
- Equipment failures affected test reliability
- Adversarial context influenced reporting decisions
- Methodological limitations were not acknowledged
Determinative Principles
- Thorough fact-gathering
- Professional competence
- Independence in expert analysis
Determinative Facts
- Engineer B operated under self-imposed consultation limitations
- Client expectations prevented thorough fact-gathering
- Adversarial positioning compromised investigation scope
Determinative Principles
- Professional competence
- Intellectual honesty
- Methodological transparency
Determinative Facts
- Vibratory hammer usage differed from original installation
- Different penetration depths were used
- Equipment reliability issues affected testing
- Methodological deviations were not disclosed
Determinative Principles
- Categorical duty of truthfulness
- Universalizability test
- Professional dignity and respect
Determinative Facts
- Engineer B omitted contradictory evidence
- Equipment failures were not disclosed
- Selective data presentation occurred
Determinative Principles
- Professional objectivity
- True client loyalty through technical competence
- Public trust
- Independent professional accountability
Determinative Facts
- Adversarial relationship was created between engineers
- Engineer B believed client loyalty required advocacy
- Selective presentation was used to support client position
Determinative Principles
- Intellectual honesty
- Professional accountability
- Complete disclosure
- Professional integrity
Determinative Facts
- Technical competence was demonstrated but transparency was lacking
- Methodological limitations were not disclosed
- Evidentiary basis was incompletely presented
Decision Points
View ExtractionShould the independent engineer limit the investigation scope to only the specific elements outlined in the retention agreement?
- Option A
- Option B
- Option C
Should the expert witness contact available witnesses to gather firsthand accounts of the incident?
- Option A
- Option B
- Option C
Should the engineer perform an on-site field investigation to gather firsthand evidence?
- Option A
- Option B
- Option C
Should the expert witness disclose all limitations and gaps in their investigation within their report?
- Option A
- Option B
- Option C
Case Narrative
Phase 4 narrative construction results for Case 71
Opening Context
You are a licensed professional engineer conducting a critical technical review of geotechnical testing data when equipment failures during the testing phase create significant gaps in the analysis. As you examine the incomplete results, you discover that Engineer B, who is defending the municipality's position, appears to be making technical assumptions that may not be fully supported by the available data. The adversarial nature of this situation places you at the center of competing interests where your professional engineering obligations and ethical responsibilities will be thoroughly tested.
Characters (9)
The executing party responsible for construction work who relies on geotechnical reports to inform project planning, risk assessment, and construction methods.
- Seeks accurate soil and foundation data to minimize construction risks, avoid cost overruns, and ensure project success while protecting their reputation and profitability.
A specialized engineering professional hired to provide objective soil analysis and foundation recommendations without direct financial interest in the construction outcome.
- Maintains professional credibility and independence by delivering unbiased, technically sound geotechnical assessments that prioritize public safety over client preferences.
A licensed professional engineer involved in the technical review, analysis, or oversight of geotechnical work with specific ethical obligations under engineering codes.
- Upholds professional engineering standards and public welfare by ensuring technical accuracy, proper methodology, and compliance with engineering ethics regardless of external pressures.
The local government authority responsible for permitting, oversight, and ensuring that construction projects meet safety standards and protect public interests.
- Protects public safety and welfare by enforcing building codes, reviewing technical submissions, and ensuring that all engineering work meets regulatory standards before approving construction permits.
A second licensed professional engineer who may be providing review, consultation, or alternative analysis in the geotechnical investigation process.
- Provides professional engineering judgment and technical expertise while balancing client service with ethical obligations to accuracy, public safety, and professional integrity.
States (10)
Event Timeline (23)
| # | Event | Type |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | A marine engineering project begins when equipment fails during testing operations at a dock facility, prompting the client to seek expert engineering analysis. This failure sets the stage for a complex case involving multiple engineering professionals and their ethical obligations. | state |
| 2 | An engineer makes critical decisions regarding the initial design specifications for the dock structure, establishing the technical foundation for the project. These early design choices become central to later disputes about professional responsibility and technical adequacy. | action |
| 3 | A qualified engineer is formally engaged to serve as an expert witness in legal proceedings related to the equipment failure. This engagement creates specific professional obligations regarding thorough analysis and honest testimony about technical findings. | action |
| 4 | An independent consulting engineer is retained to provide objective technical analysis separate from other involved parties. This retention is intended to ensure unbiased professional judgment free from conflicts of interest. | action |
| 5 | The consulting engineer makes a controversial decision to limit the scope of their investigation, potentially excluding relevant technical factors. This limitation raises questions about the thoroughness required for competent professional practice. | action |
| 6 | The engineer chooses to avoid direct communication with other technical professionals involved in the case. This decision impacts the completeness of information gathering and may compromise the quality of the technical analysis. | action |
| 7 | A critical field investigation that could provide essential technical data is omitted from the engineer's analysis process. This omission represents a significant gap in the technical due diligence expected in professional engineering practice. | action |
| 8 | Important technical information relevant to the case is not disclosed or adequately addressed in the engineer's findings. This omission raises serious questions about the engineer's duty to provide complete and honest professional opinions. | action |
| 9 | Dock Construction Completion | automatic |
| 10 | Contractor Legal Action | automatic |
| 11 | Settlement Agreement Reached | automatic |
| 12 | Expert Concerns Raised | automatic |
| 13 | Test Pile Driving | automatic |
| 14 | Equipment Failures During Testing | automatic |
| 15 | Pile Safety Failures Identified | automatic |
| 16 | Critical Data Exclusion | automatic |
| 17 | Engineer B is constrained by their contracted scope of work but has a professional obligation to conduct thorough investigation. The scope may not include all necessary investigative activities (consulting witnesses, verifying driving records, inquiring with job site personnel) that due diligence would require. | automatic |
| 18 | Engineer B must provide objective expert analysis while operating in an adversarial legal context where different parties have competing interests. The pressure to favor the hiring party's position conflicts with the duty to remain neutral and objective in technical analysis. | automatic |
| 19 | Should the independent engineer limit the investigation scope to only the specific elements outlined in the retention agreement? | decision |
| 20 | Should the expert witness contact available witnesses to gather firsthand accounts of the incident? | decision |
| 21 | Should the engineer perform an on-site field investigation to gather firsthand evidence? | decision |
| 22 | Should the expert witness disclose all limitations and gaps in their investigation within their report? | decision |
| 23 | It was unethical for Engineer B to issue his report without mentioning the failed operation of the testing equipment. | outcome |
Decision Moments (4)
- Option A
- Option B
- Option C
- Option A
- Option B
- Option C
- Option A
- Option B
- Option C
- Option A
- Option B
- Option C
Sequential action-event relationships. See Analysis tab for action-obligation links.
- Initial Dock Design Decision Expert Witness Engagement
- Expert Witness Engagement Independent Engineer Retention
- Independent Engineer Retention Scope Limitation Decision
- Scope Limitation Decision Communication Avoidance Decision
- Communication Avoidance Decision Field Investigation Omission
- Field Investigation Omission Critical Information Omission
- Critical Information Omission Dock Construction Completion
- tension_1 decision_1
- tension_1 decision_2
- tension_1 decision_3
- tension_1 decision_4
- tension_2 decision_1
- tension_2 decision_2
- tension_2 decision_3
- tension_2 decision_4
Key Takeaways
- Engineers must disclose all material facts that could affect the validity of their analysis, even when such disclosure might undermine their client's position.
- The duty of complete and accurate reporting supersedes contractual scope limitations when critical information affects the reliability of engineering conclusions.
- Professional objectivity requires engineers to report equipment failures or data quality issues that compromise the foundation of their expert opinions, regardless of adversarial legal context.