Step 4: Synthesis Review

Case 72: Public Welfare - Knowledge of Information Damaging to Client's Interest

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140

Entities

0

Provisions

13

Questions

7

Conclusions

Transfer

Transformation
Transfer Resolution transfers obligation/responsibility to another party
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Entity Types
Synthesis Reasoning Flow
Shows how NSPE provisions inform questions and conclusions - the board's reasoning chain
Node Types & Relationships
Nodes:
NSPE Provisions Questions Conclusions Entities (labels)
Edge Colors:
Provision informs Question
Question answered by Conclusion
Provision applies to Entity
NSPE Code Provisions Referenced
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Questions & Conclusions
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Each question is shown with its corresponding conclusion(s). This reveals the board's reasoning flow.
Rich Analysis Results
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Causal-Normative Links 4
Hiring Engineering Consultant
Fulfills
  • XYZ_ETHICAL_CONDUCT_OBLIGATION
Violates None
Verbal Findings Report
Fulfills
  • Duty to Advise on Project Viability
  • DOE_FIDUCIARY_DUTY_TO_CLIENT
Violates
  • Duty to Complete Professional Documentation
  • DOE_DOCUMENTATION_OBLIGATION
Contract Termination Decision
Fulfills None
Violates
  • Duty of Professional Independence
  • DOE_PROFESSIONAL_INDEPENDENCE_OBLIGATION
Contradictory Data Presentation
Fulfills None
Violates
  • Duty to Prevent Public Deception
  • DOE_PREVENT_DECEPTION_OBLIGATION
  • Public Welfare Paramount Duty
  • Doe_Public_Welfare_Paramount_Obligation
Question Emergence 13

Triggering Events
  • Discharge Violations Discovered
  • Permit Deadline Imposed
Triggering Actions
  • Verbal Findings Report
  • Contract Termination Decision
  • Contradictory Data Presentation
Competing Warrants
  • Duty to Disclose Environmental Harm Faithful Agent Duty
  • Public Welfare Paramount Duty DOE_FIDUCIARY_DUTY_TO_CLIENT
  • Duty to Prevent Public Deception Doe_Confidentiality_Obligation

Triggering Events
  • Contract Termination Decision
  • Discharge Violations Discovered
Triggering Actions
  • Verbal Findings Report
  • Hiring Engineering Consultant
Competing Warrants
  • Duty to Complete Professional Documentation Faithful Agent Duty
  • Duty of Professional Independence DOE_FIDUCIARY_DUTY_TO_CLIENT
  • Public Welfare Paramount Duty Faithful Agent Duty

Triggering Events
  • Permit Deadline Imposed
  • Discharge Violations Discovered
Triggering Actions
  • Hiring Engineering Consultant
  • Contract Termination Decision
  • Contradictory Data Presentation
Competing Warrants
  • DOE_FIDUCIARY_DUTY_TO_CLIENT Public Welfare Paramount Duty
  • Faithful Agent Duty Duty to Prevent Public Deception
  • Duty to Advise on Project Viability Duty of Professional Independence

Triggering Events
  • Contract Termination Decision
  • Contradictory Data Presentation
Triggering Actions
  • Verbal Findings Report
Competing Warrants
  • Duty to Prevent Public Deception DOE_FIDUCIARY_DUTY_TO_CLIENT
  • Public Welfare Paramount Duty Faithful Agent Duty
  • Duty of Professional Independence Doe_Confidentiality_Obligation

Triggering Events
  • Discharge Violations Discovered
  • Contract Termination Decision
  • Contradictory Data Presentation
Triggering Actions
  • Hiring Engineering Consultant
  • Verbal Findings Report
Competing Warrants
  • Doe_Confidentiality_Obligation Public Welfare Paramount Duty
  • Faithful Agent Duty Duty to Disclose Environmental Harm
  • DOE_FIDUCIARY_DUTY_TO_CLIENT Duty to Prevent Public Deception

Triggering Events
  • Contract Termination Decision
  • Discharge Violations Discovered
  • Contradictory Data Presentation
Triggering Actions
  • Verbal Findings Report
  • Hiring Engineering Consultant
Competing Warrants
  • Faithful Agent Duty Duty to Disclose Environmental Harm
  • Doe_Confidentiality_Obligation Public Welfare Paramount Duty
  • DOE_FIDUCIARY_DUTY_TO_CLIENT Duty to Prevent Public Deception

Triggering Events
  • Contract Termination Decision
  • Contradictory Data Presentation
Triggering Actions
  • Verbal Findings Report
  • Hiring Engineering Consultant
Competing Warrants
  • Faithful Agent Duty Duty to Prevent Public Deception
  • DOE_FIDUCIARY_DUTY_TO_CLIENT DOE_DUTY_TO_REPORT_PUBLIC_HEARING
  • Doe_Confidentiality_Obligation Duty of Professional Independence

Triggering Events
  • Discharge Violations Discovered
  • Contradictory Data Presentation
Triggering Actions
  • Verbal Findings Report
  • Contract Termination Decision
Competing Warrants
  • DOE_DUTY_TO_REPORT_PUBLIC_HEARING DOE_FIDUCIARY_DUTY_TO_CLIENT
  • Duty to Prevent Public Deception Faithful Agent Duty

Triggering Events
  • Discharge Violations Discovered
  • Contract Termination Decision
  • Contradictory Data Presentation
Triggering Actions
  • Hiring Engineering Consultant
  • Verbal Findings Report
Competing Warrants
  • Duty to Disclose Environmental Harm Faithful Agent Duty
  • Public Welfare Paramount Duty DOE_FIDUCIARY_DUTY_TO_CLIENT

Triggering Events
  • Discharge Violations Discovered
  • Ethical Obligations Triggered
  • Contract Termination Decision
  • Contradictory Data Presentation
Triggering Actions
  • Verbal Findings Report
  • Hiring Engineering Consultant
Competing Warrants
  • Faithful Agent Duty Public Welfare Paramount Duty
  • DOE_FIDUCIARY_DUTY_TO_CLIENT Duty to Disclose Environmental Harm
  • Duty of Professional Independence Duty to Prevent Public Deception

Triggering Events
  • Discharge Violations Discovered
  • Ethical Obligations Triggered
Triggering Actions
  • Hiring Engineering Consultant
  • Verbal Findings Report
Competing Warrants
  • Faithful Agent Duty Public Welfare Paramount Duty
  • DOE_FIDUCIARY_DUTY_TO_CLIENT Duty to Disclose Environmental Harm
  • Duty to Advise on Project Viability Doe_Confidentiality_Obligation

Triggering Events
  • Discharge Violations Discovered
  • Verbal Findings Report
  • Permit Deadline Imposed
Triggering Actions
  • Hiring Engineering Consultant
Competing Warrants
  • Faithful Agent Duty Public Welfare Paramount Duty
  • DOE_FIDUCIARY_DUTY_TO_CLIENT Duty to Prevent Public Deception
  • Faithful Agent Duty Duty of Professional Independence

Triggering Events
  • Discharge Violations Discovered
  • Contradictory Data Presentation
Triggering Actions
  • Hiring Engineering Consultant
  • Contract Termination Decision
Competing Warrants
  • DOE_FIDUCIARY_DUTY_TO_CLIENT Duty to Disclose Environmental Harm
  • Faithful Agent Duty Public Welfare Paramount Duty
Resolution Patterns 7

Determinative Principles
  • Public welfare primacy
  • Professional duty to prevent regulatory deception
  • Engineer's obligation to protect public safety
Determinative Facts
  • Engineer Doe discovered XYZ's non-compliance with discharge standards
  • XYZ Corporation is presenting misleading information at a public hearing
  • Environmental harm threatens public welfare
  • Doe possesses technical knowledge of the actual conditions

Determinative Principles
  • Professional obligations transcend contractual boundaries
  • Public safety primacy over contractual relationships
  • Prevention of regulatory circumvention
Determinative Facts
  • XYZ Corporation terminated the contract after adverse findings
  • Full payment was made to suppress findings
  • Contract termination was strategically timed
  • Environmental harm threatens public welfare

Determinative Principles
  • Dynamic ethical framework
  • Temporal scope of professional responsibility
  • Event-triggered obligations
Determinative Facts
  • Engineer Doe learned of the public hearing after contract termination
  • Misleading information was being presented at the hearing
  • The discovery of the hearing created new ethical obligations

Determinative Principles
  • Professional knowledge as basis for ethical obligations
  • Substance over form in professional responsibility
  • Technical competence creates disclosure obligations
Determinative Facts
  • No written report was completed due to contract termination
  • Engineer Doe provided verbal findings to XYZ Corporation
  • Doe possessed technical assessment capabilities and knowledge of non-compliance

Determinative Principles
  • Public welfare primacy regardless of timing
  • Preventive ethical structuring
  • Timing affects complexity but not priority of obligations
Determinative Facts
  • Non-compliance was discovered after beginning the assessment
  • Early discovery would have allowed different engagement structuring
  • Public welfare concerns remain constant regardless of discovery timing

Determinative Principles
  • Public welfare hierarchy over confidentiality
  • Non-absolute nature of confidentiality protections
  • Professional loyalty serves public interest
Determinative Facts
  • Confidentiality obligations existed due to client relationship
  • Environmental harm was imminent
  • Regulatory deception was occurring
  • Engineer possessed knowledge that could prevent environmental damage

Determinative Principles
  • Faithful agency cannot facilitate regulatory deception
  • Transformation of obligations based on client conduct
  • Professional integrity requires preventing work misuse
Determinative Facts
  • Engineer Doe provided honest technical advice to XYZ Corporation
  • XYZ Corporation misrepresented information to regulatory authorities
  • The client's conduct transformed the engineer's obligations
  • Regulatory deception was occurring
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Decision Points
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Legend: PRO CON | N% = Validation Score
DP1 Engineer's obligation to take protective action when public safety concerns are identified

Should the engineer take action to protect the public given the identified safety concerns?

Options:
  1. Take immediate action to protect public safety
  2. Defer action pending further analysis
30% aligned
DP2 Engineer's responsibility to report safety concerns through appropriate channels

What is the appropriate method for reporting identified safety concerns?

Options:
  1. Report concerns to immediate supervisor
  2. Report concerns to appropriate regulatory authority
  3. Document concerns but take no immediate reporting action
75% aligned
DP3 Engineer's duty to ensure competent oversight of safety-critical work

How should the engineer ensure adequate professional oversight of safety-critical aspects?

Options:
  1. Seek additional qualified professional review
  2. Proceed with existing oversight arrangements
  3. Decline involvement in safety-critical aspects
65% aligned
DP4 Engineer's responsibility for honest communication about safety risks

How should the engineer communicate identified risks to relevant stakeholders?

Options:
  1. Provide clear written documentation of identified risks
  2. Communicate risks verbally in meetings
  3. Limit communication to technical personnel only
70% aligned
Case Narrative

Phase 4 narrative construction results for Case 72

3
Characters
15
Events
6
Conflicts
10
Fluents
Opening Context

You are Engineer Doe, a seasoned professional who has faithfully served your corporate client XYZ by providing thorough technical advice and recommendations. However, during a recent regulatory hearing, you've discovered evidence suggesting XYZ may be operating in violation of environmental safety standards, placing you at the crossroads between your contractual obligations and your paramount duty to protect public welfare. The weight of this discovery now demands a decision that will test the very foundations of your professional ethics.

From the perspective of Engineer Doe
Characters (3)
Engineer Doe Stakeholder

A professional engineer caught between fiduciary duties to their corporate client and ethical obligations to protect public welfare regarding environmental harm.

Ethical Stance: Guided by: Objectivity_XYZCase_TechnicalFindings, FaithfulAgency_Case76-4_Discussion, PublicSafety_Case76-4_Discussion
Motivations:
  • To maintain professional integrity while navigating conflicting loyalties between client service and environmental protection responsibilities.
State Pollution Control Authority Authority

A regulatory agency responsible for enforcing environmental standards and investigating potential violations that could harm public health and safety.

Motivations:
  • To ensure compliance with environmental regulations and protect the public from pollution-related harm through proper oversight and enforcement.
XYZ Corporation Stakeholder

A business entity that has engaged Engineer Doe's services and expects loyalty and confidentiality while pursuing its commercial interests.

Motivations:
  • To advance corporate objectives and maintain competitive advantage while minimizing regulatory interference and potential liability exposure.
Ethical Tensions (6)
Potential tension between Duty to Disclose Environmental Harm and Doe_Confidentiality_Obligation LLM
Duty to Disclose Environmental Harm Doe_Confidentiality_Obligation
Obligation vs Obligation
Moral Intensity (Jones 1991):
Magnitude: high Probability: high immediate direct concentrated
Engineer must disclose environmental harm to protect public welfare, but is constrained by client confidentiality obligations that prevent sharing proprietary information LLM
Duty to Disclose Environmental Harm Client Confidentiality Boundary
Obligation vs Constraint
Affects: Engineer Doe XYZ Corporation State Pollution Control Authority
Moral Intensity (Jones 1991):
Magnitude: high Probability: high immediate direct concentrated
Engineer's paramount duty to protect public welfare conflicts with fiduciary duty to serve client's interests when client's actions may harm the public LLM
Public Welfare Paramount Duty DOE_FIDUCIARY_DUTY_TO_CLIENT
Obligation vs Obligation
Affects: Engineer Doe XYZ Corporation State Pollution Control Authority
Moral Intensity (Jones 1991):
Magnitude: high Probability: high immediate direct diffuse
Professional obligation to complete proper documentation conflicts with client's explicit stipulation prohibiting written reports LLM
DOE_DOCUMENTATION_OBLIGATION XYZ-NoWrittenReport-Stipulation
Obligation vs Constraint
Affects: Engineer Doe XYZ Corporation
Moral Intensity (Jones 1991):
Magnitude: medium Probability: high immediate direct concentrated
Engineer's duty to prevent public deception is constrained by limitations on what can be disclosed at public hearings due to confidentiality agreements LLM
Duty to Prevent Public Deception Doe-Non-Deception-Public-Hearing
Obligation vs Constraint
Affects: Engineer Doe XYZ Corporation State Pollution Control Authority
Moral Intensity (Jones 1991):
Magnitude: high Probability: medium near-term direct diffuse
Engineer's duty to maintain professional independence and provide objective advice is compromised by client's resource constraints that make costly corrective actions financially prohibitive LLM
Duty of Professional Independence Costly-Corrective-Action-Resource-Constraint
Obligation vs Constraint
Affects: Engineer Doe XYZ Corporation
Moral Intensity (Jones 1991):
Magnitude: medium Probability: high immediate direct concentrated
States (10)
Doe_FaithfulAgentFulfilled_XYZAdvice Doe_ParamountPublicDuty_HearingDiscovery XYZ_NonCompliance_StandardsViolation Doe_MisleadingProceeding_PublicHearing Regulatory Compliance Deadline State Suppressed Report State XYZ_RegulatoryComplianceDeadline_DischargePermit Paramount Public Duty Activation State Adverse Findings Possession State Misleading Public Proceeding State
Event Timeline (15)
# Event Type
1 An engineering ethics case begins involving questions of professional responsibility, public safety considerations, and the engineer's duty to provide faithful service to their client while maintaining paramount concern for public welfare. state
2 A client retains an engineering consultant to conduct technical analysis or assessment services. This establishes the professional relationship and contractual obligations that will frame subsequent ethical considerations. action
3 The engineering consultant delivers initial findings through verbal communication to the client. This preliminary report likely contains technical conclusions that will influence the client's decision-making process. action
4 The client makes a decision to terminate the consulting contract, potentially in response to the engineer's preliminary findings. This action raises questions about the relationship between technical recommendations and business interests. action
5 Information emerges that contradicts previously presented data or findings in the case. This development creates uncertainty about the accuracy of technical assessments and may impact public safety considerations. action
6 Regulatory authorities establish a deadline for permit submission or compliance, creating time pressure that may influence engineering decisions. This constraint adds urgency to the resolution of technical and ethical issues. automatic
7 Evidence surfaces indicating violations of environmental discharge regulations or similar compliance requirements. These discoveries have direct implications for public health and environmental protection. automatic
8 The combination of technical findings and regulatory violations activates the engineer's professional ethical obligations under the NSPE Code of Ethics. The engineer must now determine appropriate action to fulfill their duty to protect public welfare. automatic
9 Potential tension between Duty to Disclose Environmental Harm and Doe_Confidentiality_Obligation automatic
10 Engineer must disclose environmental harm to protect public welfare, but is constrained by client confidentiality obligations that prevent sharing proprietary information automatic
11 Should the engineer take action to protect the public given the identified safety concerns? decision
12 What is the appropriate method for reporting identified safety concerns? decision
13 How should the engineer ensure adequate professional oversight of safety-critical aspects? decision
14 How should the engineer communicate identified risks to relevant stakeholders? decision
15 Doe has an ethical obligation to report his findings to the authority upon learning of the hearing. outcome
Decision Moments (4)
1. Should the engineer take action to protect the public given the identified safety concerns?
  • {'label': '', 'action_uris': [], 'is_board_choice': True}
  • {'label': '', 'action_uris': [], 'is_board_choice': False}
2. What is the appropriate method for reporting identified safety concerns?
  • {'label': '', 'action_uris': [], 'is_board_choice': False}
  • {'label': '', 'action_uris': [], 'is_board_choice': True}
  • {'label': '', 'action_uris': [], 'is_board_choice': False}
3. How should the engineer ensure adequate professional oversight of safety-critical aspects?
  • {'label': '', 'action_uris': [], 'is_board_choice': True}
  • {'label': '', 'action_uris': [], 'is_board_choice': False}
  • {'label': '', 'action_uris': [], 'is_board_choice': False}
4. How should the engineer communicate identified risks to relevant stakeholders?
  • {'label': '', 'action_uris': [], 'is_board_choice': True}
  • {'label': '', 'action_uris': [], 'is_board_choice': False}
  • {'label': '', 'action_uris': [], 'is_board_choice': False}
Timeline Flow

Sequential action-event relationships. See Analysis tab for action-obligation links.

Enables (action → event)
  • Hiring Engineering Consultant Verbal Findings Report
  • Verbal Findings Report Contract Termination Decision
  • Contract Termination Decision Contradictory Data Presentation
  • Contradictory Data Presentation Permit Deadline Imposed
Precipitates (conflict → decision)
  • conflict_1 decision_1
  • conflict_1 decision_2
  • conflict_1 decision_3
  • conflict_1 decision_4
  • tension_2 decision_1
  • tension_2 decision_2
  • tension_2 decision_3
  • tension_2 decision_4
Key Takeaways
  • The engineer's paramount duty to protect public welfare overrides client confidentiality obligations when environmental harm is at stake.
  • Learning of a regulatory hearing creates an affirmative obligation to disclose relevant findings to appropriate authorities, even when this conflicts with client interests.
  • The NSPE prioritizes public safety over commercial confidentiality, establishing a clear hierarchy when these duties conflict.